高速电弧喷涂铁基Cr3C2复合涂层组织及磨损特性的研究

采用高速电弧喷涂技术将自制的铁基Cr3C2型粉芯丝材制备成复合涂层,并对涂层的组织结构、力学性能及高温冲蚀磨损特性进行了研究.结果表明,该涂层组织致密,颗粒扁平细小,主要由α-Fe固溶体、(Fe,Cr)23C6、(Fe,Cr)7C3及少量FeCr2O4等氧化物相构成;涂层具有较高的结合强度和硬度、较低的孔隙率及优良的抗热震性能;铁基Cr3C2复合涂层的冲蚀磨损行为介于塑性与脆性冲蚀之间,其冲蚀机理以塑性冲蚀为主,在650℃高温环境下,涂层的抗冲蚀磨损性能高于20g钢,表现出良好的抗高温冲蚀抗力,能够解决循环流化床锅炉受热面的高温磨损问题.     

碳化硼对电弧喷涂涂层性能的影响

将碳化硼(B4C)陶瓷粉末和其它合金元素与304L不锈钢带轧制成粉芯丝材,采用电弧喷涂技术制备金属陶瓷复合涂层.研究了B4C在电弧喷涂中的应用.利用XRD,SEM对涂层的形貌、相组成和磨损表面进行了分析.利用自行设计的高温磨粒磨损装置和高温冲蚀设备分别评价了B4C对涂层耐高温磨粒磨损性能和耐高温冲蚀性能的影响.结果表明,粉芯丝材喷涂工艺良好,B4C陶瓷与粉芯中其它组分反应,可以形成含Fe3B,CrB,FexN i23-xB6,Fe23(C,B)6,(Cr,Fe)7C3和Fe3C等硬质相的复合涂层,大幅度提高了涂层的硬度和耐磨耐冲蚀性能.     

等离子喷涂Al-Fe2O3复合粉合成纳米陶瓷复合涂层

采用等离子喷涂Al-Fe2O3复合粉的方法制备陶瓷基复合材料涂层.利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和透射电镜观察分析涂层的显微组织,并测定了涂层的结合强度、硬度、韧性和耐磨性能.结果表明,Al-Fe2O3复合粉在等离子喷涂过程中发生铝热反应生成了FeAl2O4、α-Fe和γ-Al2O3相.透射电镜分析表明,所制备的复合涂层呈现纳米结构的显微组织,其中几十到几百纳米的球状α-Fe和γ-Al2O3晶粒均匀地分散在等轴状和柱状的FeAl2O4纳米晶基体上.与传统的单相微米Al2O3涂层相比,复合涂层的结合强度、韧性和耐磨性明显提高,其原因主要是复合涂层为纳米结构并且存在塑性金属相Fe.     

NiTi-Cr_3C_2/纳米TiC涂层制备及其性能的研究

设计了两种不同含量Ni包覆纳米TiC陶瓷颗粒组分的粉芯丝材,采用超音速电弧喷涂方法在20钢表面制备耐高温冲蚀涂层,结合金相显微镜、显微硬度计、X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和能谱仪等分析方法对涂层进行高温冲蚀性能研究.结果表明,涂层的组织结构由Fe-Ni基固溶体、Cr3C2、TiC和氧化物相组成,涂层硬度明显高于20钢;涂层表现出了较好的抗热震性能;无论是低冲击角还是高冲击角,涂层的冲蚀率变化不大,且明显小于20钢的冲蚀率.     

等离子喷涂纳米Al2O3/Ni复合涂层的组织和耐磨性能研究

将纳米Al2O3颗粒和镍基粉用湿法混合,采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了复合涂层。利用SEM和TEM分析了Al2O3复合涂层的表面形貌和微观组织,用磨粒磨损试验机进行磨损试验,研究了纳米Al2O3的体积分数、粒径对涂层喷焊性和耐磨粒磨损性能的影响。结果表明,Al2O3复合涂层的表面形貌细腻,颗粒加入能有效改善弥散相与镍基涂层的相容性,当纳米Al2O3的体积分数为2.0%时,涂层的耐磨性能最好为镍基涂层的2倍多,在相同的体积分数下,随着涂层中弥散强化相尺寸减小,涂层的耐磨性提高。     

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 将纳米Al2O3颗粒和镍基粉用湿法混合，采用等离子喷涂工艺制备了复合涂层。利用SEM和TEM分析了Al2O3复合涂层的表面形貌和微观组织，用磨粒磨损试验机进行磨损试验，研究了纳米Al2O3的体积分数、粒径对涂层喷焊性和耐磨粒磨损性能的影响。结果表明，Al2O3复合涂层的表面形貌细腻，颗粒加入能有效改善弥散相与镍基涂层的相容性，当纳米Al2O3的体积分数为20%时，涂层的耐磨性能最好为镍基涂层的2倍多，在相同的体积分数下，随着涂层中弥散强化相尺寸减小，涂层的耐磨性提高。     

激光成形修复ZL104合金的组织与性能研究

针对深井钻机刹车盘的工况条件,采用激光熔覆技术在35CrMo钢表面分别制备Fe基涂层和含Cr3C2的Fe基合金复合涂层,研究了2种涂层的组织结构、显微硬度及耐干滑动摩擦磨损性能。结果表明,Fe基涂层以亚共晶方式结晶,在初生柱状固溶体枝晶间存在大量网状共晶组织,主要由γ-Fe、Cr7C3及少量的Cr-Fe固溶体等组成。Fe基复合涂层中Cr3C2大部分溶解,枝晶凝固特征保持不变,枝晶组织明显细化,主要由γ-Fe、Cr7C3及少量的Cr-Fe固溶体及较少量未熔的Cr3C2等组成。Fe基复合涂层的显微硬度及其摩擦磨损性能优于Fe基涂层。     

陶瓷粉末尺寸对电弧喷涂金属-陶瓷复合涂层形成及性能的影响

利用高速电弧喷涂和含有微米TiB2和纳米Al2O3陶瓷粉末的粉芯丝材在碳钢基体上制备了六组陶瓷颗粒弥散增强的Fe-TiB2复合涂层,研究微纳米陶瓷粉末对电弧喷涂Fe-TiB2复合涂层的形成和性能的影响.采用光学显微镜、WYKONT1100三维表面形貌仪对比分析了扁平粒子形貌和厚度;用SEM,EDAX及XRD分析涂层的形貌和相组成,测试了涂层的显微硬度和耐磨粒磨损性能,并用激光共聚焦显微镜观察磨损后的涂层形貌.结果表明,随着粉芯丝材中微纳米陶瓷粉末含量的增加,扁平粒子的形貌从飞溅严重的散点状逐渐转变成少量飞溅的盘状,涂层的孔隙率随之下降.对比6种涂层的组织及性能,发现当粉芯丝材中的TiB2粉末尺寸＜2 μm时,Fe-TiB2复合涂层中的陶瓷硬质相分布最为细小、弥散,涂层的耐磨性能最好.     

WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的冷喷涂制备

采用WC/Fe/Al混合粉末,通过机械合金化制备40v0l％ WC/Fe(Al)固溶体复合粉末,利用冷喷涂沉积涂层并结合热处理原位反应制备了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.研究了球磨时间对复合粉末相结构、晶粒尺寸及组织结构的影响,并分析了冷喷涂WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层的组织和显微硬度.结果表明,机械合金化可获得WC陶瓷颗粒呈微/纳米多尺度分布的WC/Fe(Al)金属陶瓷复合粉末,球磨36 h的复合粉末基体相平均晶粒尺寸约为90 nm,冷喷复合涂层组织致密、多尺度WC颗粒在基体中均匀弥散分布,涂层显微硬度约为1060 HV0.3,涂层在650℃热处理后发生Fe(Al)固溶体向FeAl金属间化合物的原位转变,制备出了WC/FeAl金属间化合物基金属陶瓷涂层.     

Al2O3弥散强化Ni-Cr合金粉的微束等离子喷涂

用行星式球磨技术制备了Al2O3弥散强化Ni-Cr合金粉末.为改善球磨后粉末的流动性,对粉末进行了喷雾造粒,并利用微束等离子喷涂(MPS)技术制备涂层.采用XRD、SEM等方法研究弥散强化粉末及其喷涂层的微观组织结构.试验结果表明,球磨加工后,Al3O3颗粒尺寸为微纳米级,并弥散分布于Ni-Cr基体粉末中.经微束等离子喷涂后,涂层结构较致密,孔隙率低(<2%).涂层经650 ℃高温耐冲蚀试验后,发现微纳米结构涂层的耐冲蚀性良好,这与Al2O3陶瓷对涂层的增韧机理有关.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。