硅胶固载咪唑离子液体的制备及二氧化碳吸附性能

分别采用浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法将1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸离子液体固载在A型和B型硅胶上,并对硅胶固载离子液体样品进行了FTIR、SEM、元素分析和CO2吸附表征。研究了负载方法、离子液体负载量、孔径分布等对CO2吸附性能的影响。结果表明:采用溶胶-凝胶法固载的离子液体负载量远远大于浸渍法的;制备的吸附剂均具有发达的微孔结构,且在0.4～0.8 nm有连续的分布;浸渍法制备的硅胶固载离子液体的CO2吸附性能较优,在273 K、0.1 MPa时,A型硅胶浸渍离子液体和乙醇混合液样品的CO2吸附量达1.92%。     

超临界法制备离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴化盐

以超临界CO2为溶剂,由N-甲基咪唑和溴代正丁烷制备了标题化合物,并采用超临界CO2萃取的方法纯化产物.考察了超临界CO2温度、压力和时间对反应产率及对未反应的溴代正丁烷的萃取率的影响.产物的结构和纯度通过1HNMR表征.     

离子液体中间体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐的合成

以N-甲基咪唑和1-溴代正定烷为原料合成1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐[Bmim]Br,研究了反应时间、反应温度、及N-甲基咪唑与1-溴代正丁烷的摩尔比(原料比)和溶剂对[Bmim]Br收率的影响,产物结构经过1H NMR及FT-IR确认.实验结果表明,反应温度在60℃,反应时间为24h,N-甲基咪唑与1-溴代正丁烷的摩尔比(原料比)为1:1.2时,收率为93.13%.     

微波水浴法合成室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐

在微波炉中,先以水浴、间歇加热的方式制备得到中间体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,制备过程中探讨了反应时间、微波功率、反应物浓度比对产品收率的影响。再在中间体中加入四氟硼酸,得到室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐,反应时间短、收率高,并用红外光谱表征确认中间体及产品结构。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体的合成与表征

以N-甲基咪唑为原料,正丁基溴为烷基化试剂,合成中间体[Bmim]Br,然后与醇钠溶液及氟硼酸反应,制备[Bmim]BF4。结果表明,反应温度80℃,反应24 h,中间体产率为83.7%;目标离子液体的转化率为98.6%。差式扫描量热(DSC)显示,离子液体具有较低的熔点。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑表面活性离子液体的界面膨胀流变行为研究

研究了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑十二烷基硫酸盐([bmim][DS])和1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑二(2-乙基己基)磺基琥珀酸酯盐([bmin][AOT]两种表面活性离子液体在正庚烷/水界面的动态界面张力和膨胀特性。比较了[bmim][DS]或[bmin][AOT]和传统表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)或二(2-乙基己基)磺基琥珀酸酯钠(Na[AOT])之间的膨胀弹性,并且考察了1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑阳离子之间静电相互作用对界面膜特性的影响。另外,通过对比[bmim][DS]和[bmim][AOT]在不同浓度下的膨胀弹性,验证了烷基链数量的改变对界面膨胀流变行为的影响。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体的合成研究

由N-甲基咪唑和溴代正丁烷合成了中间体溴化1-正丁基-3-甲基咪唑,讨论了反应时间和反应温度对反应的影响,最佳的反应条件是:80℃反应18 h。中间体再经过离子交换,得到标题化合物。又采用微波法完成了上述反应,原料配比和微波功率对反应有影响。反应物的摩尔比应在1.1∶1为好,微波功率采用240 W。产物的结构经IR和1H NMR确认。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐离子液体的热分解动力学研究

利用非等温热重分析法(TG),研究了高纯氮气气氛下1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([bmim][BF4])的热分解动力学及机理函数。采用等转化率法和多元非线性回归法测定了[bmim][BF4]的热分解动力学。等转化率法表明[bmim][BF4]的活化能为E和指前因子logA分别为:198 kJ/mol和11.94 s-1。多元非线性回归法表明[bmim][BF4]的热分解机理模型函数为:n级自催化反应(Cn),反应级数为n=1.1426,所对应的机理模型函数为fα=1-α1.14261+1.0024α,指前因子logA和活化能E分别11.18 s-1和188 kJ/mol。另外,等转化率法和多元非线性回归法测得的活化能与量子化学计算法得到的活化能值均相吻合。     

1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐离子液体合成

按照两步法合成了离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([Bmim]PF6),探讨了时间、温度、溶剂、反应物配比等对中间体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([Bmim]Br)以及离子液体[Bmim]PF6产率的影响。结果表明,反应物配比为(1∶1.1)~(1∶2),温度70℃,反应30 h,中间体产率为95.91%;中间体中加入等摩尔KPF6,25℃下反应10 h后,离子液体产率为97.26%。     

咪唑类离子液体微胶囊的CO_2吸附和扩散行为

采用高速剪切法,制备微胶囊型固载咪唑类离子液体,研究离子液体微胶囊的微观结构、CO_2吸附量、CO_2/N2选择性、稳定性以及CO_2的扩散行为。结果表明,制备的离子液体微胶囊结构完整,且微观结构的完整性和粒径是影响CO_2吸附量的主要因素。在0. 1 MPa和298 K下,气相硅胶含量24%、离子液体58. 46%、水含量8. 77%、乙二醇含量8. 77%的样品BCE24-11,其CO_2吸附量为3. 41%,达吸附平衡仅30 min,CO_2/N2选择性为17. 05,稳定性和循环使用性较好;与纯离子液体的扩散系数值(10-11m2/s)相比较,微胶囊型结构的固载离子液体具有更快的CO_2的扩散速率。     

Polymeric ionic liquid modified silica for CO2 adsorption and diffusivity

Two types of polymeric ionic liquids (PILs) modified porous silica for CO₂ sorption were synthesized by the polymerization of dialkylphosphate di‐butyl phosphate [VYIM][Bu₂PO₄] and 1‐allyl‐3‐methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate [AMIM][BF₄] with alkoxyl‐modified silica. The PILs‐modified silica (SiO₂‐P[VYIM][Bu₂PO₄] and SiO₂‐P[AMIM][BF₄]) were evaluated by CO₂ adsorption isotherms at 273 K for investigating the porous structures. The adsorption and desorption behaviors of CO₂ (at 298, 313, and 333 K) and N₂ (at 313 K) up to 0.2 MPa were also investigated using a gravimetric method. In comparison with bare silica, the grafting of PILs on the support surface leads to a loss of microporosity, resulting in a slight decrease in CO₂ sorption capacity. The difference of CO₂ sorption capacity between SiO₂‐P[VYIM][Bu₂PO₄] and SiO₂‐P[AMIM][BF₄] is little, especially under 0.1 MPa. CO₂/N₂ selectivity is however notably improved, and especially [AMIM][BF₄] modified silica shows the best performance. The homogeneous surface diffusion model (HSDM) was used to estimate the diffusivities and good agreement between experimental values and fitting curves was obtained. The diffusion coefficients of CO₂ in the PILs‐modified silica are level with that of bare silica at level of 10⁻⁷−10⁻⁸ m²/s, about two to three orders of magnitude faster than that of reported [BMIM][BF₄]. POLYM. COMPOS., 38:759–766, 2017. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers     

固载离子液体聚合物的二氧化碳吸附行为研究

采用溶液聚合法,将1-烯丙基三丁基膦双三氟甲烷磺酰亚胺盐离子液体聚合物固载在空白硅胶上,并对硅胶固载离子液体聚合物进行了FTIR红外光谱和CO2吸附性能检测。研究了温度、压力和孔径分布等对CO2吸附选择性的影响,并计算了其CO2吸附热力学参数。结果表明:相比于空白硅胶,采用溶液聚合法制备的固载离子液体聚合物具有发达的孔结构,且这种差异在孔径分布为0.5~0.6nm时表现更加明显;制备的吸附剂在常温高压条件下表现出良好的吸附性能,且对CO2/N2具有较高选择性;该固载离子液体聚合物的吸附为放热反应,且为自发的物理吸附过程。     

Determination of cost-effective operating condition for CO2 capturing using 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ionic liquid

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ([BMIM][BF4]) ionic liquid (IL) is considered for CO₂ capturing in a typical absorption/stripper process. The use of ionic liquids is considered to be cost-effective because it requires less energy for solvent recovery compared to other conventional processes. A mathematical model was developed for the process based on Peng-Robinson (PR) equation of state (EoS). The model was validated with experimental data for CO₂ solubility in [BMIM][BF4]. The model is utilized to study the sorbent effect and energy demand for selected operating pressure at specific CO₂ capturing rates. The energy demand is expressed by the vapor-liquid equilibrium temperature necessary to remove the captured CO₂ from the spent solvent in the regeneration step. It is found that low recovery temperature can be achieved at specific pressure combination for the absorber/stripper units. In fact, the temperature requirement is less than that required by the typical monoethanolamine (MEA) solvent. The effect of the CO₂ loading in the sorbent stream on the process performance is also examined.     

氯代1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体的合成

主要研究离子液体氯代1-烯丙基-3-甲基咪唑的合成方法,分别采用传统法和微波法制取离子液体,实验结果表明:在n(烯丙基氯):n(N-甲基咪唑)=1.4:1.反应时间为11 h,反应温度为55℃的最优条件下收率可达到91.07%,而在其它条件不变的情况,微波法可以大大提高反应速度并且可以提高收率.     

离子液体[Bmim][NTf2]对CO2在碳酸二乙酯中溶解性能的强化

采用恒定容积法在温度范围308.15~328.15 K、压力范围0~3 MPa条件下测定了CO₂在碳酸二乙酯（DEC）、离子液体[Bmim][NTf₂]以及二者不同质量分数配比混合溶剂中的溶解度,并用COSMO-RS模型研究了离子液体的加入对DEC蒸气分压的影响。实验表明,在相同实验条件下CO₂在[Bmim][NTf₂]中的溶解度大于在DEC中的溶解度。[Bmim][NTf₂]的加入可强化CO₂在DEC中的溶解性能,在相同温度下CO₂在混合溶剂中的溶解度随[Bmim][NTf₂]质量分数增加而增大,在相同浓度的混合溶剂中CO₂的溶解度随温度升高而降低。COSMO-RS模型计算表明,DEC的蒸气分压下降的分数随混合溶剂中离子液体质量分数增加而增大,而对于相同质量分数配比的混合溶剂温度对DEC的蒸气分压影响较小。     

Monodispersed microcapsules enclosing ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate

The widespread research of ionic liquids is mainly because of their unique characteristics, which allow the possibility for more efficient reactions and separations in chemical processes. To achieve a successful commercial status, several problems of ionic liquids should be solved, including loss of ionic liquids and high viscosity that effects on fluid flow and mass transfer. In this study, hollow polysulfone microcapsules filled with ionic liquid of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate [BMIM]PF6 were prepared via a two-stage microfluidic approach. The results of the preparation showed that [BMIM]PF6 was successfully encapsulated with polysulfone, as an encapsulation capacity of 30.8% was achieved. Smaller microcapsules were produced with smaller size of nozzle, lower droplet phase flow rate or higher continuous phase flow rate. The microcapsules had excellent monodispersity and spherical morphology with extremely narrow size distribution. Besides, they had good stability of ionic liquid immobilization. The microfluidic approach has been proved successful to fabricate microcapsules, with advantages of extremely narrow size distribution, easy-controlled operating conditions to obtain different size of microcapsules, possibility for on line observation of preparation process.     

Ionothermal synthesis of gallophosphate molecular sieves in 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquids

Gallophosphate (GaPO₄) molecular sieves were ionothermally prepared in 1-alkyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquids (ILs) with alkyl chain length varying from 2 to 6 carbons for the first time. Three kinds of GaPO₄ materials such as GaPO₄-a, cloverite (denoted as CLO below) and GaPO₄-LTA were obtained, and their structures and morphologies were characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, SEM and multi-nuclear NMR. In the case of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide ionic liquid, large single crystals of GaPO₄-LTA with well-defined octahedral morphology was obtained in both sealed (ca. 400 μm in size) and open vessels (ca. 300 μm in size). Ionothermal synthesis is an effective method for the preparation of large single crystal of molecular sieves. With the alkyl chain length of the ionic liquids increasing from 2 carbons to 6 carbons, the size of GaPO₄-LTA decreased sharply. The organic template cations in the as-synthesized GaPO₄-LTA crystals may have two different kinds of conformational structures. Fluorine plays a role of co-template along with organic cations of ILs in the synthesis of GaPO₄-LTA and CLO, while only GaPO₄-a was obtained in the absence of fluorine. The reaction temperature can also affect the structure of the final structure. In the reaction medium of 1-ethyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide IL, GaPO₄-LTA was obtained at 180 °C, while CLO was obtained at 150 °C.     

纤维二糖在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐中的结构动力学特性

开展分子动力学模拟探索不同压力条件下纤维素的基本结构单元--纤维二糖在离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐（[C₄mim]Cl）中的结构动力学特征。研究结果表明,高压环境使二糖分子内氢键网络结构瓦解,二糖与阴阳离子间相互作用增强,形成溶质-溶剂间氢键。借助空间分布函数得到常压及高压环境下二糖分子周围溶剂层分布特征,并通过径向分布函数定量考察了纤维二糖/离子液体体系分子间与分子内的氢键特征,为在化学键水平上认识纤维素在离子液体中溶解机制提供必要的理论基础。     

离子液体聚合物CO_2吸附性能研究

为提高离子液体吸附CO_2的性能,通过自由基聚合制备了季铵盐类离子液体聚合物,采用两步种子溶胀法使该聚合物形成多孔结构,并通过扫描电子显微镜和差热-热重分析法对其形貌和热稳定性进行表征。研究了4种溶胀剂制备的多孔聚合物吸附CO_2的性能,试验结果表明:制备的多孔聚合物具有发达的微孔结构,孔径在0.4~0.8 nm内连续分布,且较集中于0.5~0.6 nm,达到38%以上;溶胀剂的种类对孔径分布及累计孔容有显著的影响,可归因于溶胀剂与聚合物的溶解度差异,采用混合溶胀剂得到的孔径分布更加均匀,而采用环乙烷溶胀剂得到的累计孔容明显减少;多孔聚合物的CO_2吸附量主要受累计孔容的影响,累计孔容相当的聚合物吸附CO_2的量也近似,在273 K、0.101 MPa条件下,约为1.1%。