蓝波奶酪挥发性风味成分的分离与鉴定

采用顶空固相微萃取法和同时蒸馏萃取法提取蓝波奶酪中的挥发性风味成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发性风味成分进行分离鉴定。结果表明,经过气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析,共鉴定出111 种挥发性成分,包括烃类2 种、醛类6 种、酮类12 种、酸类20 种、酯类49 种、醇酚类13 种、含硫含氮及其他杂环化合物9 种。可能对风味造成影响的化合物有：2-庚酮、2-壬酮、丁酸、己酸、辛酸、正癸酸、癸酸乙酯、3-（甲硫基）-1-丙醇、6-庚基四氢-2H-吡喃-2-酮。     

牦牛乳软质干酪成熟期挥发性风味成分分析

采用固相微萃取- 气相色谱- 质谱联用(SPME-GC-MS)对不同成熟时期(30、60、90d)牦牛乳软质干酪挥发性风味物质进行分离鉴定,共检测出45 种化合物,并用峰面积归一化法确定各种化合物的相对百分含量。通过对固相微萃取纤维头和萃取温度的筛选优化实验条件,采用75μm CAR/PDMS(碳分子筛- 聚二甲基硅氧烷)萃取纤维头,50℃条件下吸附不同成熟时期(30、60、90d)干酪的挥发性风味物质效果较好。检测出的挥发性风味物质主要是酸类、醇类、酮类,其次为酯类和醛类化合物,酸类物质构成了牦牛乳软质干酪的主体特征风味。乙酸、丁酸、己酸成为干酪中的优势风味物质。     

SPME-GC/MS联合分析法测定食用菊花花朵挥发性成分研究

采用固相微萃取技术萃取食用菊花(Dendranthema morifolium)品种的挥发性成分,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(solid-phase microextractions-gas chromatgraphy mass spectrometrometry,SPME-GC/MS)进行分析,并用峰面积归一化法得出各组分的相对百分含量。结果显示:共鉴定出51种挥发性成分,包括烯类、酯类、醇类,还有少量酸、杂环类和烷类物质,其中主要成分为单萜类化合物α-蒎烯、β-月桂烯、α-松油烯、β-蒎烯、γ-松油烯等,相对含量分别为74.04%、5.24%、3.96%、3.44%、2.01%,共占总相对含量的88.69%。表明固相微萃取气相色谱-质谱联用技术方法能准确反映食用菊花中的挥发性组分,可为食用菊花资源的开发利用提供科学依据。     

枇杷花香气成分固相微萃取GC-MS分析研究

利用固相微萃取技术富集枇杷花的香气成分,并结合GC-MS法进行分离和鉴定.采用气相色谱-质谱共分离出64个色谱峰,确定出49种化合物,其峰面积占总挥发性成分峰面积的93.34%,相对含量最高的是苯乙醇8.84%、其次为苯甲醛7.00%、大茴香醛6.84%、乙酸5.41%、4-甲氧基苯甲酸甲酯4.36%、辛酸4.21%等成分.     

HS-SPME-GC-MS联用分析瓜蒌子挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法(HS-SPME)萃取瓜蒌子中挥发性成分,结合气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用技术对瓜蒌子的挥发性成分进行分析。从瓜蒌子中共分离出79个色谱峰,鉴定出其中49种化合物,占其挥发性成分的84.18%,其中含量较高的为(E,E)-2,4-壬二烯醛(21.50%)、2,4壬二烯醛(10.01%)、戊酸戊酯(4.60%)、正己醇(4.28%)和正戊醇(4.02%)等。研究采用HS-SPME-GC-MS联用技术分析瓜蒌子挥发性成分,为瓜蒌子的进一步开发利用提供了科学依据。     

固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用分析发酵香肠香气成分

研究了固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用对发酵香肠香气成分进行了定性分析和峰面积相对含量的测定,分离到36个峰,鉴定出34种化合物.其中,发酵香肠的主要挥发性成分为乙醇、2-丙酮、乙酸乙酯、乙酸、3-甲基-1-丁醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮等.     

HS-SPME-GC-MS分析刺梨种子挥发性香气成分

对贵州产刺梨种子的挥发性香气成分进行研究。采用顶空固相微萃取法提取刺梨种子的挥发性香气成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术进行了分析测定,共鉴定出8个化学成分,占挥发性化学成分色谱总峰面积的90.92%。其中含量较高的组分有:苯(33.51%)、亚油酸甲酯(16.91%)、亚麻酸甲酯(14.95%)、棕榈酸甲酯甲酯(10.42%)、十六烷(4.85%)和十四烷(4.06%)等。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法测定发酵糯玉米黏豆包挥发性风味物质

采用顶空固相微萃取法和气相色谱-质谱联用分析技术,对不同乳酸菌发酵的糯玉米黏豆包A和B中挥发性风味化合物进行分离鉴定。在黏豆包A和B中分别鉴定出60种和56种挥发性风味化合物,分析结果表明,其挥发性物质包括有机酸、酯类、醛类、酮类、醇类、酚类、醚类、烃类及杂环类等11类60多种化合物。初步认为1-甲基-2-苯咪唑啉酮、丁酸、月桂酸、丙醇、2,4,6-三甲基苯甲醛、壬醛、茴香脑、己酸己酯、肉豆蔻酸甲酯、棕榈酸甲酯等含量较高成份为糯玉米黏豆包的特征风味物质。     

GC-MS分析金钗石斛花挥发性成分

分别采用顶空固相微萃取(SPME)和水蒸气蒸馏法(SD)提取金钗石斛花挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对其进行成分分析,采用峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对质量分数。两种方法分别鉴定出63种和24种化合物,占总挥发性成分的80.49%和54.92%。其中,SPME法提出的挥发性成分质量分数较高的有柠檬烯(25.87%)、四氢柠檬醛(11.1%)、松油烯(8.7%)、2-呋喃甲醛(6.51%)、甲酸己酯(2.12%)等;SD法提出的挥发性成分质量分数较高的有亚油酸(36.92%)、庚烷(7.69%)、肉豆蔻酸(3.51%)、亚油酸甲酯(2.12%)等。     

SDE/SPME-GC-MS分析苦荞的挥发性香气成分

为了分析不同方法萃取苦荞样品中挥发性物质的差异,采用同时蒸馏萃取法（SDE）和固相微萃取法（SPME）提取苦荞样品中的挥发性成分,用气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术定性鉴定,并用总离子流色谱峰的峰面积进行归一化定量分析。同时蒸馏萃取-气谱-质谱法（SDE-GC-MS）分析出23种挥发性成分,固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法（SPME-GC-MS）分析出35种挥发性成分,2种方法均提取出酯类、烃类、酮类、醛类和醇类,其中酯类和醛类的含量较多,说明酯类和醛类对苦荞的风味贡献较大。同时蒸馏萃取法适合对高沸点、低挥发性物质进行分离,固相微萃取法具有快速简便、不使用溶剂和样品检测非破坏性等优点,适合易挥发性化合物的检测。将两种提取方法相结合对苦荞挥发性物质提取能得到比较全面的结果。     

SPME-GC 法分析南果梨不同部位及状态香气成分

应用固相微萃取技术与气相色谱-质谱相结合的方法对南果梨果皮与果肉、完整果外释与破碎后果汁的香气成分进行比较和研究。结果表明,完整果实的外释香气成分种类比破碎后果汁中的香气成分种类丰富,从完整果实外释香气共鉴定出18种香气成分,主要为乙酸乙酯(1.49%)、丁酸乙酯(7.48%)、2-甲基丁酸乙酯(1.43%)、己酸甲酯(1.46%)、己酸乙酯(41.76%)、乙酸己酯(11.78%)、2-辛烯酸乙酯(1.07%)、辛酸乙酯(6.73%)、和α-法呢烯(21.6%)。南果梨果皮和果肉中有5种共同香气成分,但相对含量上有一定的差异。果皮和果肉中的香气成分相对含量最高的是己酸乙酯,分别为46.89%、35.2%。     

洋河系列绵柔型白酒香气成分研究

利用液液萃取法提取洋河系列绵柔型白酒中的香气化合物,通过气相色谱-闻香法(GC-O)及气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术对其进行鉴定。在具有典型绵柔型特征的海之蓝、天之蓝和梦之蓝三种酒中分别检测出55、57和59种呈香化合物。研究发现洋河系列绵柔型白酒的主要风味物质为己酸乙酯,对其风味有较大贡献的还有己酸、丁酸乙酯、二甲基三硫、三甲基吡嗪、γ-壬内酯。此外,在海之蓝中苯乙醛、3-甲基丁醇、庚酸乙酯、己酸-3-甲基丁酯、丁酸、乙酸对其风味贡献较大;天之蓝中1-辛烯-3-酮、辛酸乙酯、2-乙酰基-5-甲基呋喃、丁酸香气强度较大;梦之蓝中1-辛烯-3-酮、己酸-3-甲基丁酯、2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、4-甲基苯酚、庚酸乙酯香气强度较大。     

酸浓度和pH值对浓香型大曲酯化酶催化活力的影响

研究了己酸、乳酸、丁酸、乙酸的浓度以及pH值对浓香型大曲酯化酶催化合成四种酯（己酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯）的影响。结果表明,大曲酯化酶催化合成四种酯的最适酸质量浓度分别为己酸8 g/L,乳酸1 g/L,丁酸9 g/L,乙酸12 g/L;在同一酸浓度条件下,大曲酯化酶催化合成己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、乙酸乙酯最适pH值均为4.5,乳酸乙酯最适pH值为6.0;大曲酯化酶催化相同物质的量浓度混合酸的试验结果表明,己酸乙酯的合成以酯化酶催化反应为主,而乳酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯的合成以化学反应为主。     

应用HS-SPME技术测定固态发酵浓香型酒醅微量成分

HS-SPME的方法是检测酒醅中微量风味物质的一种好的方法。该法简单、方便、快速。样品不需要进行预处理。检测成分完全可以用于浓香型固态发酵酒醅的发酵过程分析。从浓香型固态发酵酒醅中共检测出106种挥发性化合物,其中醇类9种,醛类6种,酮类2种,酸类10种,酯类47种,芳香族化合物12种,硫化物3种,呋喃类化合物4种,酚类化合物8种,以及其它化合物5种。重要的挥发性化合物是己酸乙酯、己酸、辛酸乙酯、丁酸、乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯和丁酸乙酯。     

Impact of fining agents on the volatile composition of sparkling mead

Sparkling mead is obtained by secondary fermentation of the mead involving the addition of starter yeast culture, sucrose, nutrients and fining agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different fining agents (tannins vs combined fining agents) on the volatile composition of sparkling mead. Sparkling mead was produced from a base mead using a commercial yeast strain (Saccharomyces bayanus) and the volatile compounds were determined by gas chromatography–flame ionisation detection and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Thirty six volatile compounds were quantified and the major groups were alcohols (73.2%), acetates (19.1%), carbonyl compounds (5.5%) and ethyl esters (1.2%), represented by 3‐methyl‐1‐butanol, ethyl acetate, acetaldehyde and monoethyl succinate, respectively. The remaining compounds were present at <1%. Eleven volatile compounds exhibited odour activity values >1, with ethyl octanoate and ethyl hexanoate contributing to the aroma of sparkling mead, with fruity, strawberry and sweet notes. The combined fining agents caused a marked decrease in the concentration of volatile compounds compared with tannins. In general, 3‐ethoxy‐1‐propanol, ethyl lactate, ethyl octanoate, diethyl succinate, diethyl malate, monoethyl succinate, 2‐methylpropanoic acid, hexanoic acid, octanoic acid, acetaldehyde, acetoin, furfural, benzaldehyde, 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural, trans‐furan linalool oxide, cis‐furan linalool oxide and 4‐oxo‐isophorone decreased in concentration. Conversely, 1‐propanol and 2‐methylpropanoic acid (tannins) and ethyl butyrate (combined fining agents) increased in concentration. The remaining volatile compounds were not affected. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found for 19 volatile compounds independently of the type of fining agents used. © 2018 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Comparison on aroma compounds in Chinese soy sauce and strong aroma type liquors by gas chromatography–olfactometry,chemical quantitative and odor activity values analysis

In order to elucidate the differences on aroma compounds in Chinese liquors with different aroma styles and the reasons, aroma compounds of Xijiu in soy sauce aroma and strong aroma type were investigated in the research. By gas chromatography–olfactometry (GC–O), aroma compounds in Chinese liquor were chosen for quantitative and odor activity value (OAV) analysis. Ethyl hexanoate, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, hexanoic acid and dimethyl trisulfide were considered to be the most powerful odorants in both liquor samples (aroma intensity ≥3.5) by GC–O. As important aroma compounds (OAV ≥10) in the liquors, ethyl propanoate, ethyl 2-methylpropanoate and 1-propanol were considered with much higher OAVs in soy sauce aroma type liquor, while OAVs of ethyl pentanoate, ethyl hexanoate, ethyl heptanoate, ethyl octanoate, ethyl lactate, hexyl acetate, butyl hexanoate, hexyl hexanoate and hexanoic acid were far lower in strong aroma type liquor. The OAV of ethyl hexanoate in strong aroma type liquor exceeded 50,000, which explained the reason why strong aroma liquor was considered with prominent fruity aroma. The odor differences between the liquors were mainly caused by the manufacturing practices.     

GC-MS分析鸡油菌中挥发性成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法(headspace solid-phase micro-extraction,HS-SPME)对鸡油菌干品和蒸馏萃取得到的鸡油菌馏分中的挥发性成分进行了提取,通过气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,GC-MS)进行定性定量分析,以峰面积归一化法计算各组分的相对含量。鉴定得到鸡油菌干品中75种挥发性成分,占色谱流出峰总面积的76.05%,主要为酸类、酮类、醇类和酯类,主要成分有己酸、3-甲基丁酸、1-辛烯-3-醇和丁酸;鸡油菌馏分中48种挥发性成分,占色谱流出峰总面积的32.05%,主要为酮类和醛类,主要成分有β-二氢紫罗兰酮、(2E,4E)-2,4-癸二烯醛和香叶基丙酮;鸡油菌干品和馏分中共有15种相同组分。     

Headspace,volatile and semi-volatile patterns of Paliurus spina-christi unifloral honey as markers of botanical origin

The samples of unifloral Paliurus spina-christi honey were analysed by means of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC, GC–MS) in order to obtain complete patterns of headspace, volatile and semi-volatile compounds. In headspace pattern the most abundant compounds and possible markers were nonanal, four isomers of lilac aldehyde, decanal, methyl nonanoate, hexanoic and 2-ethylhexanoic acids. Although the main components of USE extracts were higher saturated aliphatic hydrocarbons, higher aliphatic alcohols and acids, they can not be considered reliable biomarkers due to their probable origin from bee wax or bee cuticle. Although present in small quantities, the more reliable markers in the extracts were benzene derivatives (particularly 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzaldehyde, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and 4-methoxybenzoic acid) along with lower aliphatic acids (butanoic, hexanoic, octanoic and nonanoic).     

南果梨采后20℃储藏期香气成分变化

采用固相微萃取装置提取香气成分,用气相色谱质谱联用法测定南果梨采后20℃储藏过程中香气成分的变化。结果表明,南果梨采后储藏的前10d,香气成分种类仅为6 种;15d 时,释放香气成分的种类为13 种;20d 时为18 种,达到最多种;25d 时反而减少,仅为12 种。从南果梨中共检测鉴定出19 种化学成分,20d 时主要为：乙酸乙酯(1.49%)、丁酸乙酯(7.48%)、2- 甲基丁酸乙酯(1.43%)、己酸甲酯(1.46%)、己酸乙酯(41.76%)、乙酸己酯(11.78%)、2- 辛烯酸乙酯(1.07%)、辛酸乙酯(6.73%)、和α - 法呢烯(21.6%)。