沙枣种子油的超声波辅助提取及抗氧化作用

以沙枣种子为原料,利用超声波辅助提取沙枣种子油,并对其体外抗氧化活性进行研究。在单因素试验的基础上,采用正交试验进行优化,确定超声波辅助提取沙枣种子油的最佳提取条件。结果表明,各因素的主次顺序为浸提温度>浸提时间>超声波功率>料液比,超声波辅助提取最佳工艺条件为浸提时间30 min、浸提温度30℃、超声波功率120 W、料液比1∶6(g/mL),提取率为26.07%。超声波辅助提取的沙枣种子油具有较强的抗氧化活性。10 mg/mL的沙枣种子油对羟自由基(.OH)清除率为87.05%;8 mg/mL的沙枣种子油对DPPH自由基的抑制率为52.36%;8 mg/mL的沙枣种子油对超氧负离子(O2-.)的清除率为59.55%。     

山药皮中黄酮、多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

为研究山药皮黄酮、多酚的高效提取工艺及其粗提物的抗氧化能力,以山药皮为原料,采用正交法优化超声辅助乙醇提取山药皮中的黄酮、多酚工艺,并对粗提物进行抗氧化活性测定。结果表明：山药皮中黄酮、多酚提取工艺的最佳提取条件为超声时间30 min、乙醇浓度60%、液固比60∶1（mL/g）,在此条件下,黄酮得率为0.929%,多酚得率为0.519%。在一定浓度范围内,粗提物的抗氧化能力随着质量浓度的增加而增强,粗提物具有良好的羟自由基清除作用（IC50 值为0.083 mg/mL）,具有一定的DPPH 自由基清除作用（IC50 值为0.158 mg/mL）,当粗提物质量浓度为1.0 mg/mL 时,其羟自由基清除率、DPPH 自由基清除率、还原力和抗氧化能力分别为81.84%、79.95%、0.70 和0.68。     

响应面法优化地皮菜总三萜提取工艺及其抗氧化活性

以青海地皮菜为原料,研究其总三萜提取工艺条件及其抗氧化活性,通过单因素试验和Box-Behnken响应面试验进行超声波辅助提取地皮菜总三萜工艺优化,并测定地皮菜总三萜对DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基的清除能力及总还原能力,以评估其体外抗氧化活性。最终得出的最佳提取条件为料液比1∶20（g/mL）、乙醇浓度95%、提取温度60℃、提取时间50 min,在此条件下测得地皮菜总三萜的得率为1.38%,与模型预测值1.41%基本相符。抗氧化试验结果表明,当地皮菜总三萜质量浓度为1.60 mg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除率达到最大,为48.43%;ABTS+自由基清除率随质量浓度的增加而增加,当浓度为3.20 mg/mL时,ABTS+自由基清除率达到最大,为81.43%;羟自由基清除率与浓度无明显线性关系;地皮菜总三萜的总还原能力随着浓度的增加呈增大趋势,当浓度为3.20 mg/mL时,总还原能力达到1.818。以上结果表明,响应面法对地皮菜总三萜的提取条件优化合理可行,且地皮菜总三萜具有较高的抗氧化活性。     

均匀设计法优化灰树花多糖超声波辅助提取工艺及其抗氧化活性分析

采用均匀设计法优化灰树花多糖超声波辅助提取工艺参数,为其多糖资源开发利用提供参考。以灰树花多糖提取率和β-葡聚糖提取率为评价指标,以超声功率、提取时间、提取温度和水料比为因素,通过均匀设计法优化提取工艺,同时对灰树花多糖抗氧化活性进行初步研究。结果表明:灰树花多糖超声波辅助提取最佳条件为,超声功率500 W、提取时间64 min、提取温度43℃、水料比31∶1(mL/g),浸提2次,在此条件下,灰树花多糖的提取率为23.055%;β-葡聚糖的最佳提取条件为,超声功率450 W、提取时间74 min、提取温度68℃、水料比28∶1(mL/g),浸提2次,在此条件下,β-葡聚糖的提取率为3.030 mg/g;抗氧化活性研究结果显示,灰树花多糖的还原力OD₇₀₀nm值为0.561±0.005,其DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率均随质量浓度的增大而增大,DPPH自由基和羟自由基的清除率为分别为58.27%和89.58%,羟自由基的清除率高于V_C。     

糜子麸皮中多酚提取工艺优化及其抗氧化活性

为研究糜子麸皮中多酚提取条件及抗氧化活性,利用超声波-微波协同萃取技术,以多酚提取量为指标,在单因素实验的基础上,选取料液比、乙醇体积分数、提取温度以及超声波功率进行Box-Benhnken中心组合试验,并用响应面法优化多酚的提取工艺;同时,对糜子麸皮中多酚清除DPPH自由基、羟自由基、超氧自由基和还原力进行评价。结果表明,糜子麸皮中多酚最佳提取工艺条件为：料液比1︰50,乙醇体积分数60%,提取温度75 ℃,超声波功率1000 W,微波功率为200 W,提取时间10 min。在此条件下,糜子麸皮中多酚提取量为8.92 mg/g。抗氧化实验结果显示,该多酚对于DPPH自由基清除率,羟自由基清除率,超氧自由基清除率和还原力的IC₅₀值分别为：0.006 mg/mL,0.142 mg/mL,12.048 mg/mL和4.022 mg/mL,并且糜子麸皮多酚与上述抗氧化活性指标间均呈显著正相关(p<0.05),表明糜子麸皮中多酚具有较强的抗氧化和自由基清除能力。     

沙棘果渣总黄酮提取工艺及抗氧化活性分析

利用超声波辅助提取技术对河西走廊沙棘榨汁提油后的果渣下脚料总黄酮提取工艺进行优化,同时考察果渣黄酮提取液的还原力和清除羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的能力。通过单因素试验和L9（34）正交试验,得到影响黄酮得率的主要因素及其影响力大小为乙醇体积分数＞提取时间＞料液比;确定最佳提取条件为乙醇体积分数60%、提取时间40 min、料液比1∶50（g/mL）;此条件下,河西走廊沙棘果渣中总黄酮提取率为2.55%,果皮渣中总黄酮提取率为0.651%,沙棘籽粕中总黄酮提取率为1.901%。当质量浓度大于0.151 4 mg/mL时,沙棘果渣黄酮提取液的还原力大于VC的还原力;沙棘果渣黄酮提取液对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基均有一定的清除作用,其对羟自由基的清除率为39.07%～42.01%,大于同等质量浓度VC的清除作用,而对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率为47.17%～60.38%,小于同等质量浓度VC的清除作用,说明沙棘果渣黄酮提取液对羟自由基有更强的清除能力。     

红枣核总黄酮的提取工艺及抗氧化活性研究

采用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)开展响应面试验,研究料液比、乙醇浓度、浸提温度、浸提时间和提取级数五因素及其互作效应对红枣核总黄酮提取率的影响,确定红枣核总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件为:料液比1∶70(g/m L),乙醇浓度40%,浸提温度80℃,浸提时间4 h,提取级数3次,在此条件下黄酮提取率为16.64 mg/g。此外,以BHT和VC为阳性对照评价了提取物的抗氧化活性,结果表明在一定浓度范围内红枣核总黄酮对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基、DPPH自由基、亚硝基离子自由基、ABTS自由基的最高清除率分别达到53%、85%、71%、68%、91%,总还原能力分别为BHT和VC的35%和36%,表明所提取的红枣核黄酮具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。     

银杏外种皮多酚提取工艺及抗氧化性能研究

以银杏外种皮为原料,用乙醇为溶剂提取其中的酚类化合物,研究银杏外种皮多酚(polyphenol exocarp of ginkgo biloba,PEGB)粗提物的乙醇提取工艺条件及抗氧化性能。选择乙醇体积分数、浸提时间、浸提温度、料液比四个因素进行单因素实验,通过响应面法进一步优化提取条件。结果表明,最佳提取工艺条件为乙醇浓度70%,浸提时间2.6h,浸提温度90℃,料液比1∶30,此条件下多酚的提取率为5.33mg GAE/g。PEGB粗提物对DPPH自由基和羟基自由基的清除能力随浓度升高而增强。当PEGB粗提物浓度为0.5mg/mL时,对DPPH的清除率为84.25%,对羟基自由基的清除率为78.89%,表明高浓度的PEGB粗提物具有较强的抗氧化性能。     

神经网络优化紫苏叶黄酮微波提取及抗氧化活性比较研究

紫苏是一种珍贵的药食两用植物.为确定紫苏叶黄酮类物质的微波提取工艺,分析其抗氧化活性,采用动量梯度下降神经网络研究微波功率、乙醇体积分数、料液比和提取时间对黄酮提取率的影响,对反应条件进行训练仿真和网络预测.采用DPPH·自由基、羟自由基、超氧阴离子和ABTS+·自由基比较分析紫苏叶的水、醇提取物的抗氧化性质.研究结果表明:经过训练的网络可以很好地模拟微波提取条件,当微波功率480 W,乙醇体积分数80%,固液比1:25g/mL,提取时间25min时,黄酮提取率达6.2mg/g.随着提取物浓度的增大,清除自由基能力增强.高含量(0.5 mL/mL)的紫苏叶醇提物具有良好的清除自由基能力,清除率90%以上.叶水提物对自由基清除能力较差,在其含量为0.5mL/mL时,对DPPH自由基的清除率仅36%.     

雪莲果叶总黄酮超声波辅助酶法提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

以雪莲果叶为原料,设计单因素及响应面试验,优化超声波辅助酶法提取雪莲果叶中总黄酮的最佳工艺;以DPPH自由基的清除率及总还原力为指标,评估雪莲果叶总黄酮提取物的抗氧化能力。结果表明:利用超声波辅助酶法提取雪莲果叶总黄酮的最佳工艺为乙醇体积分数30%、料液比(m雪莲果叶∶V乙醇)1∶60(g/mL)、超声温度50℃、超声处理12 min、酶解pH 4.8、纤维素酶质量浓度0.40 mg/mL、酶解时间66 min,此工艺下总黄酮提取率为6.317%。所提取雪莲果叶总黄酮具有抗氧化能力,与浓度呈正相关;在质量浓度为0.6 mg/mL时,DPPH自由基清除率达到71.09%,具有接近维生素C的总还原力。利用超声波辅助酶法提取的雪莲果叶中总黄酮提取物具有较好的抗氧化能力。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the