一种有源功率因数校正器的设计与实现

介绍了一种有源功率因数校正器的设计方法.采用Infineon公司高性能功率复合控制器TDAl6888作为控制器件,以实现功率因数校正.通过功率因数校正,大大减少了电流谐波,提高了输入端的功率因数.     

四级交错单相有源功率因数校正器的研究

在家用变频空调等应用中,功率因数校正器(PFC)的功率等级越来越大。多级交错PFC可以有效地降低电源纹波电流,简化电感设计和提升系统效率。文中在描述这种PFC单周期控制原理基础上,提出了一种基于IGBT电流的电流合成方法,分析了四级交错并联PFC中IGBT占空比与纹波电流关系、输出滤波电容纹波电流和开关频率调制原理,并采用Matlab/Simulink进行了全面的仿真分析。为验证理论分析和仿真分析,基于RENESAS最新推出的模拟控制器R2A20104,设计和实现了额定输出功率8.0kW的四级交错PFC。结果表明,采用单周期控制、电流合成原理实现并联交错有源PFC是可行的,具有很好的输入端纹波电流抑制效果,且电感设计简化,并能提升系统效率。     

一种新颖的PFC控制策略

分析设计了一款新颖的功率因数校正(PFC)电路,该电路可以工作于不连续传导模式(DCM)和临界连续传导模式(CRM),并实现两种模式的自动切换,兼具两种工作模式的优势。在输入电压跨零附近,电路工作于固定频率的DCM下,限制最大的开关频率,从而降低污染系统的电磁干扰(EMI)噪声。在输入电压峰值附近,电路工作于频率可变的CRM下,降低升压二极管、功率MOSFET和电感上的电流应力,从而降低费用并且提高电路的可靠性。采用台联电0.6μmBCD工艺仿真验证,得到了近1的功率因数。     

基于谐波注入的三相功率因数校正设计技术

三相单开关功率因数校正器在硬开关下,由于其谐波失真率(THD)较大而使功率等级受到限制。通过谐波注入技术调制占空比,在不连续导通模式(DCM)下对输入电流进行功率因数校正(PFC),获得了极佳的性能。这种方法可以使校正器的THD减小,以及在满足强制谐波标准(如IEC61000-3-2)下达到更大的功率等级。采用该方法,已经做出1 kW实际样机。     

基于dsPIC的数字控制PFC研究

文章基于dsPIC30F6014数字信号控制器（DSC）,实现了单相Boost功率因数校正器的全数字控制。开关电源的数字控制实现可采用先进的控制策略,简化系统的结构,缩小体积,提高系统性能。文中提供了单相Boost PFC变换器的完整数字控制解决方案。首先给出了PFC控制系统参数的选择方法;然后讨论了基于dsPIC的Boost PFC的解决方案,包括主电路参数的确定、系统结构和软件设计;最后给出了1000W功率等级的仿真和实验结果,验证了数字控制PFC的优良系统性能。     

SiC肖特基功率二极管在Boost功率因数校正器应用中的性能评估

实验评估了600V，4A碳化硅(SiC)肖特基二极管(英飞凌，SDP04S06)的性能。作为一种重点的应用，作者考虑选用一种300W，按平均电流模式控制的Boost功率因数校正器(PFC)。作者测量了采用该型号SiC肖特基二极管和采用两种超快、软恢复的硅功率二极管(RURD460和目前正被列入的STTH5R06D)制成的整机的效率、开关损耗、二极管损耗和电磁干扰(EMI)等特性。本文比较了这些结果，特别是定量地考察了SiC二极管提供的恢复电流的减小对该变换器行为的这些关键参数的影响。基于试验结果，本文表明在功率因数校正器设计中，采用SiC二极管只是在高开关频率时才是合算的。     

基于FPGA的交错并联PFC的研究

随着电力设备的功率等级不断提高,使得传统Boost PFC变换器存在较大的输入纹波、转换效率较低等缺点。因此,这里将交错并联拓扑结构引入到Boost PFC变换器中,在平均电流控制策略的基础上建立离散化数字控制模型,选择现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)控制器来实现交错并联Boost PFC电路的数字控制。仿真结果表明,该设计有效优化了电源的性能,使得电源中的谐波电流含量减少,大大提高了开关电源的功率因数。     

新型三相单开关功率因数校正器的研究

为解决传统三相单开关功率因数校正器输入电流谐波较大的问题,设计了一种新型拓扑结构的三相单开关升压型PFC(Power Factor Correction)电路。通过在Boost电感和整流桥之间插入合适电容构成二阶滤波器,虽然控制算法不变,但可以在保证功率因数不变的前提下优化输入电流THD（Total Harmonic Distortion）。基于对电路原理的简要分析,建立Matlab仿真模型,再以TMS320F28335为控制核心,搭建Boost PFC 变换器的实验平台。仿真和实验均表明该方案可行,实验电路测试的输入电流THD值小于10%,具有实际应用价值。     

一种宽电压输入数字控制的功率因数校正器

为改善供电系统的供电质量,提高电能的利用率,提出了一种宽电压(交流电压有效值为85~264 V)输入、兼容50 Hz/400 Hz频率的功率因数校正器。该校正器通过对输入交流电压进行采样,实现了供电系统对频率的自适应调节。主电路采用四路交错并联的升压电路,有效降低了电流谐波,改善了供电质量。采用并联均流技术,以适应供电系统的功率扩充需求,同时增强了供电系统的可靠性和灵活性。通过数字控制技术和合理的控制算法,降低了供电系统的复杂度,增强对不同输入条件下的适应性。     

用于改善PFC性能的交错式三电平变换器

在不增大输入电流纹波的前提下,为改善升压型功率因数校正变换器在高频状态下的输入电流过零畸变,同时减小电感体积,降低开关器件的电压电流应力,进而提高变换器的功率等级,提出了一种交错式三电平变换器拓扑。此拓扑将交错并联技术与三电平技术相结合,弥补了交错并联拓扑只能改善输入电流过零畸变,而无法提升变换器的其他性能的不足。分析了此变换器的原理及工作情况,并进行仿真,仿真结果验证了该拓扑的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.