浅析水电工程成本管理

施工项目成本管理与控制是相辅相成的,只有加强施工项目成本管理,才能控制项目成本, 以达到控制项目成本的目的.施工项目成本控制体现了施工项目管理的本质特征,并代表着施工项目管理的核心内容.施工项目成本控制是一个系统工程, 它不仅需要突出重点,对工程项目的人工费、材料费、施工设备、周转材料租赁费等,实行重点控制,而且还需要在施工全过程中对项目的质量、工期和安全等进行全面控制,只有这样才能取得良好的经济效果.     

建立施工项目成本控制体系的探讨

建立了施工项目成本控制体系,指出施工项目成本控制是一个涉及到技术、经济、管理等方面的综合问题,涉及到项目全过程以及项目组全体成员,是一个系统工程,应对其进行全面、全过程、全员控制.施工项目成本控制体系应该包括施工前期阶段、施工阶段、竣工结算阶段成本控制3部分,其中施工前期阶段成本控制是前提,施工阶段成本控制是核心、重点和关键,竣工结算阶段成本控制是基础.     

浅议施工企业成本控制

介绍了施工企业的特点,施工企业成本控制中存在的问题,包括成本管理认识存在的误区、成本管理体制不健全、全员综合管理理念不强、成本数据失真等,提出了施工企业成本控制的方法,包括施工前期、施工期和完工后的控制.     

浅析施工项目成本控制

随着我国各行业的国际化,建筑领域的竞争也日趋激烈,施工企业必须采取措施来降低项目支出,成本控制成为项目管理工作的重中之重.本文从施工项目成本控制的现状入手,分析了施工成本控制过程中存在的不足,并有针对性地提出了对应的改进建议和方法,供参考.     

水利工程施工管理成本控制浅析

施工成本管理是水利企业项目施工管理的重要任务,而完成这一任务的关键在于强化项目施工的成本管理,拥有科学合理的水利工程项目施工成本控制管理流程和先进管理技术。文章在阐述水利工程施工成本的组成及控制的基础上,分析了水利工程施工成本控制的主要问题,结合水利工程施工管理各阶段,提出了施工各阶段的成本控制对策,为水利工程施工提供了一定看法。     

施工项目成本管理存在的问题与对策

施工项目成本控制直接关系到施工企业的经济效益,针对影响施工项目成本的内控制度、材料成本、项目管理者的基本素质等主要因素进行了分析,并提出了制定企业内部施工定额、实行成本目标管理等相关对策.强调在内部成本控制上应有切实可行的规章制度,要进行科学规范的管理、以最小的成本实现最大的效益.     

浅谈BIM在铁路施工管理中的应用

正在铁路施工管理过程中,各阶段节点的施工衔接极为重要,施工阶段的动态管理对安全和质量有着较大的影响。长久以来,施工单位对项目管理大多比较粗放,没有对其精细化管理,施工步骤繁琐,没有直观性,成本消耗高。为更好地保证铁路工程建设质量,采用先进的技术来强化施工管理水平迫在眉睫。文章主要结合BIM技术在铁路施工管理中的应用,进行以下初步探讨。一、铁路施工管理的现状传统的铁路工程施工项目管理中常采用文字、表格等     

大岗山水电站枢纽工程招标阶段的施工组织设计及主要成果

施工组织设计是研究建设项目的施工技术与施工组织相结合的重要手段,项目处于不同的阶段,施工组织设计具有不同的目的和内容.在项目招标阶段,针对所面临的重大技术问题,在确保工程进度控制、质量控制、成本控制、安全控制、现场管理等要素管理目标顺利的基础上,实现施工技术与施工组织的有机结合,达到项目建设效益最大.基于以上目的,采取了.业主主导、设计协助、监理单位编制"的工作模式开展了大岗山水电站枢纽工程招标阶段施工组织设计的研究工作,重点对枢纽各标段施工工期及工程总工期、基本施工方案论证、施工布置优化、各标段相互关系研究和当前存在问题等开展了研究,取得了较好的效果.     

大型铁路框构桥顶进施工技术

对大孔径、大吨位铁路框构桥顶进施工中中线纠偏、高程的控制,顶进设施和铁路线路加固设计与施工,以及顶进施工安全等方面所采取的方法、措施进行了分析研究.施工中成功地解决了砂卵石地质条件下顶桥中线、高程超限、顶进施工及安全问题,达到了预期效果.     

铁路工程施工成本管理与控制对策

正文章通过笔者的工作实践,简要地介绍了铁路工程施工成本控制的重要性,从而针对铁路工程施工成本控制中存在的问题进行了分析,并根据这些问题提出了铁路工程施工成本控制措施,以供铁路工程造价管理人员参考。当前,随着我国经济水平的不断提升,我国各个地区加强了深化交流,政府为了给城市提供便利,加强铁路交通工程建设力度,推动了城市经济的持续发展。然而,在铁路工程施工过程中,将会消耗大量人力、物力和财力,因此,为了降低政府开支、确保工程顺利实施,需要加强工程施工成本的合理控制。下面从施工单位角度出发,主要从铁路工程施工成本控制重要性着手,阐述了铁路工程     

EU demonstration project for separate discharge and treatment of urine, faeces and greywater--part II: cost comparison of different sanitation systems.

The experience from the EU demonstration project was used for a cost analysis of different sanitation systems with regard to nutrient recycling. The analysis was made for an existing residential area, for which the different sanitation systems have been applied. The cost calculations were made for a lifetime of 50 years. The multiple sewer systems cause higher investment costs, mainly for the installation of the additional facilities; the investment costs for the treatment are lower. The cost analysis did not prove lower costs for the new sanitation concepts in this special case in comparison with the conventional system. Economic benefits are demonstrated for the operation costs. The result will be reinforced by the consideration of an increase of the energy costs. The revenues for the nutrient related products have only a very small impact on the result.     

综合利用水利枢纽投资分摊方法研究

在对综合利用水利枢纽进行投资划分的基础上，对常用的５ 种投资分摊方法，即枢纽指标系数分摊法、效益比例分摊法、替代措施费用比例分摊法、可分离费用 剩余效益分摊法和主次分摊法，进行了系统的评述；建议对效益比例分摊法和替代措施费用比例分摊法加以改进，统一并入可分离费用 剩余效益法，统称为综合的可分离费用 剩余效益法；推荐使用综合的可分离费用 剩余效益法和枢纽指标系数法，并指出投资分摊时应注意的有关问题．     

塞俄比亚ADAMA风机吊装项目成本控制综述

总结了影响埃塞俄比亚ADAMA风机吊装项目成本的主要因素,如进度、机械租赁费、材料费、二次搬运费等,并提出了相应的控制成本措施,实践中有效控制了工程成本,取得良好效果,为更好地实施国际风电项目积累了经验。     

Energy-saving wastewater treatment systems: formulation of cost functions.

Natural interactions between water, soil, atmosphere, plants and microorganisms include physical, chemical and biological processes with decontaminating capacities. Natural or energy-saving wastewater treatment systems utilize these processes and thereby enable a sustainable management in the field of wastewater treatment, offering low investment and operation costs, little or no energy consumption, little and low-skill labor requirements, good landscape integration and excellent feasibility for small settlements, especially when remote from centralized sewer systems. The objective of this work is the development of cost functions for investment and operation of energy-saving wastewater treatment technologies. Cost functions are essential for making cost estimations based on a very reduced number of variables. The latter are easily identified and quantified and have a direct bearing on the costs in question. The formulated investment and operation cost functions follow a power law, and the costs decrease with the increase of the population served. The different energy-saving wastewater treatment systems serving small population settlements, between 50 p.e. and 250 p.e., present associated investment costs varying from 400 Euro/p.e. to 200 Euro/p.e. and annual operation costs in the range of 70 Euro/p.e. to 20 Euro/p.e., respectively.     

Estimating the Economic Costs of Hydrologic Data Collection

This paper examines the estimation of the economic costs of hydrologic data collection using the concept of opportunity cost. The opportunity cost of operating a hydrologic data collection network is equal to the maximum value the resources used in its operation would have if they were free to be used in another area. A method for estimating the opportunity cost of operating individual stations is developed in this paper. This method is then demonstrated using representative opportunity cost estimates for individual stations in a hypothetical network based on the Victorian hydrologic data collection network, Australia. An important distinction is made between financial costs and economic costs, particularly with respect to their relative suitabilities for use in different applications.     

施工阶段工程项目的造价控制

施工阶段是工程项目有效控制工程造价、防止预算超标、降低施工企业成本、取得综合经济效益的重要阶段。文中从影响造价的相关因素、招投标、造价失控等方面进行深入研究,分析了造成造价失控的具体原因。指出了国内工程项目在施工阶段造价控制方面存在的问题,提出了工程项目施工阶段造价合理确定与有效控制的措施,为工程项目在施工阶段控制工程造价提供参考。     

A cost comparison of traditional drainage and SUDS in Scotland.

The Dunfermline Eastern Expansion (DEX) is a 350 ha mixed development which commenced in 1996. Downstream water quality and flooding issues necessitated a holistic approach to drainage planning and the site has become a European showcase for the application of Sustainable Urban Drainage Systems (SUDS). However, there is minimal data available regarding the real costs of operating and maintaining SUDS to ensure they continue to perform as per their design function. This remains one of the primary barriers to the uptake and adoption of SUDS. This paper reports on what is understood to be the only study in the UK where actual costs of constructing and maintaining SUDS have been compared to an equivalent traditional drainage solution. To compare SUDS costs with traditional drainage, capital and maintenance costs of underground storage chambers of analogous storage volumes were estimated. A whole life costing methodology was then applied to data gathered. The main objective was to produce a reliable and robust cost comparison between SUDS and traditional drainage.The cost analysis is supportive of SUDS and indicates that well designed and maintained SUDS are more cost effective to construct, and cost less to maintain than traditional drainage solutions which are unable to meet the environmental requirements of current legislation.     

Cost Analysis of Water Quality Assessment Using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach

In modern competitive markets, cost and quality parameters are the two main factors. So, it is essential to study their relationship, especially in leading industries such as urban public service companies. Consequently, manufacturers always try to reduce production costs and improve product quality and services to consumer expectations. Also, the concerns of the new century in the field of fresh water and the reduction of its resources related to global warming have increased the costs of quality and supply of freshwater. Therefore, in this research, in order to estimate the quality costs in the field of water resources and wastewater management and identify the option that creates the most cost, in the first step, the “Prevention, Assessment, and Failure (PAF)” model was used to select cost-imposing options in organizational quality analysis. After determining the main options, appropriate criteria and sub-criteria were selected under the main study area (water and wastewater resources management). In the next step, a “Multiple-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) “ method based on the “Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP)” and “Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS)” method was used to identify the option that creates the most cost. The results show that The highest cost of quality in the water and wastewater industry and its management are related to “Assessment Costs” and account for 36.55% of total costs. Also, The lowest cost of quality in the water and wastewater industry is related to “Preventive Costs” and accounts for only 12.18% of the total cost. In addition, the expert’s opinion shows that the effect of increasing credit with 34.01% has the greatest weight, and this criterion is the most essential in water and wastewater resources management.

     

Uncertainty, imprecision, and the precautionary principle in climate change assessment.

Statistical decision theory can provide useful support for climate change decisions made under conditions of uncertainty. However, the probability distributions used to calculate expected costs in decision theory are themselves subject to uncertainty, disagreement, or ambiguity in their specification. This imprecision can be described using sets of probability measures, from which upper and lower bounds on expectations can be calculated. However, many representations, or classes, of probability measures are possible. We describe six of the more useful classes and demonstrate how each may be used to represent climate change uncertainties. When expected costs are specified by bounds, rather than precise values, the conventional decision criterion of minimum expected cost is insufficient to reach a unique decision. Alternative criteria are required, and the criterion of minimum upper expected cost may be desirable because it is consistent with the precautionary principle. Using simple climate and economics models as an example, we determine the carbon dioxide emissions levels that have minimum upper expected cost for each of the selected classes. There can be wide differences in these emissions levels and their associated costs, emphasizing the need for care when selecting an appropriate class.     

建筑维修工程造价计价探讨

建筑维修工程与建筑工程是保证建筑物发挥其正常效用的两个不同建设时期。以前,在建筑工程造价定额计价时期,建筑维修工程与建筑工程采用相同的定额模式计价,但在现行建筑工程工程量清单计价时期,建筑维修工程造价计价却继续使用定额模式计价,其计价结果相差较大。该文详细地论述了工程量清单计价的标准及省颁法规,介绍了建筑维修工程与建筑工程的区别,并从建筑工程造价定额的编制历程及其使用到现行建筑维修工程造价定额结算进行了分析。结果表明,应逐步推行建筑维修工程造价计价与我国招投标制度改革方向一致的新制度,出台与GB50500-2008《建设工程工程量清单计价规范》相一致的新的计价规范。工程量清单报价方式是我国建筑工程招投标制度改革的方向,建筑维修工程量清单计价模式应作为建筑维修工程新规范的编制方向。