巴楚—麦盖提地区主要油气藏原油地球化学特征及油源探讨

巴楚—麦盖提地区是重要的油气聚集区。玉北地区玉北1井在奥陶系鹰山组测试获25.2 m³/d的海相工业油气流。玉北奥陶系油藏与巴什托（普）油气田的原油是否同源是困扰该地区油气勘探并急需解决的问题之一。通过玉北1井、巴什托（普）主要油气藏（田）的原油地球化学特征研究、油—油对比、油源对比等综合分析,并类比塔河奥陶系原油进行了巴楚—麦盖提地区主要油气藏原油地球化学特征及油源探讨分析。综合研究认为玉北地区奥陶系的原油地球化学特征与塔河奥陶系原油相近。通过烃源有机相类比,认为玉北地区奥陶系原油可能来自塔西南地区中下寒武统斜坡相烃源岩;巴什托轻质油推测主要来自盆地—陆棚相寒武系烃源岩,部分来源于海陆交互相石炭系。     

Catalytic cracking of vegetable oils for production of high-octane gasoline and petrochemical feedstock

The routes of transformation of vegetable oils under catalytic cracking conditions have been investigated. The influence of the component composition of the catalyst on distribution of the desired cracking products and their chemical group composition has been revealed. It has been shown that introduction of H-ZSM-5 zeolite into the composition of the oil cracking catalyst promotes the formation of C₂-C₄ light olefins??the yield of propylene and butylene mainly increases. During cracking on bizeolites catalysts, high yields of both gasoline fractions and light olefins are observed. The relationship between the unsaturation index of the vegetable oils and the product distribution during their catalytic cracking has been established. Oils with a high index of unsaturation are cracked on the bizeolite catalyst yielding primarily mono- and polyaromatic hydrocarbons.     

管输哈萨克斯坦混合原油生产喷气燃料

哈萨克斯坦原油是中国西北口岸进口的主要原油,将实验室切割的145～240℃馏分与喷气燃料的指标进行对比,发现该馏分收率较高,且其馏程还可扩大。该馏分密度大、冰点低、闪点高、硫含量低,能很好地满足1,2,3号喷气燃料标准,但是其突出的问题是酸度高[4.99 mgKOH/(100 mL)]、铜片腐蚀不合格(2b)、硫醇硫严重超标(292μg/g),与1,2,3号喷气燃料标准差距大。实验室通过碱液萃取-催化氧化相结合的方法,使馏分中的酸度[≤1.0 mgKOH/(100 mL)]和铜片腐蚀(≤1级)合格,硫醇硫脱除率达65.8%,进一步用载铜离子的活性白土吸附萃余油,过滤吸附剂后滤液的硫醇硫质量分数降为17.4μg/g,能满足1,2,3号喷气燃料硫醇硫标准,硫醇脱除率达82.4%。     

Disperse systems as main feedstock for carbon black production

Abstract—Colloidal properties of model and actual feedstock and methods to control them in production of carbon black (CB) have been studied. The role of surface phenomena during formation of CB properties has been determined. Methods and approaches to control the concentration and size of the dispersed phase in the feedstock by external actions have been considered. Dependences of the CB quality on the colloidal properties of the raw materials have been determined. The results have been applied in industrial conditions.     

Economic evaluation of new crude oils as raw materials for manufacture of high viscosity-index oils

Conclusions Technical-economic calculations have revealed the economic feasibility of and favorable outlook for commercial production of petroleum lubricating oils with viscosity indexes of about 100 from crude oils from the new Ust' -Balyk and Uzen' fields, the latter crude being highly paraffinic.Thus, the net operating cost and adjusted cost for production of high-viscosity-index oils from Ust'-Balyk and Uzen' crudes by the processing scheme used in USSR refineries is lower than for the production of oils with average viscosity indexes of 85–88 from Romashkino crude.Complete processing of the slack waxes and petrolatums to recover paraffin waxes and ceresins is a necessary condition for the economical production of lubricating oils from Uzen' crude.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 7, pp. 24–28, July, 1970.     

Hexa-triethanolamine oleate esters as pour point depressant for waxy crude oils

New crystal modifier surfactants were developed by esterification of hexa-triethanolamine with oleic acid to prepare mono, di, and tri-esters. The synthesized esters were confirmed by IR spectroscopy and the molecular weight of the major compound in the reaction mixture was determined by MS analysis. Surface properties of the synthesized modifiers, including critical micelle concentration (CMC), effectiveness (π_cmc), maximum surface excess (Ί_max) and minimum surface area (A_min) were determined at 30 °C. The synthesized esters were evaluated as flow improver (FI) and pour point depressant (PPD). Hexa-triethanolamine mono-oleate was most efficient for crude oil (I), and hexa-triethanolamine tri−oleate was most efficient for crude oil (II).     

Production of base oils from high-sulfur tatar crude oils

The following sequence of processing lube distillates from atmospheric-vacuum tubestill (AVT) units are most commonly used for production of base oils: selective treatment — dewaxing — hydrotreating. As a result of hydrotreating, sulfur and tars are removed from the intermediate product, the carbon residue decreases, and the color improves. This final stage frequently determines the quality of base oils. However, its role in obtaining the required quality is usually small, since the basic indexes are formed in the preceding stages. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 15 – 16, November – December, 1999.