氮氧元素联合过渡对气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊电弧的影响

针对外层引入氮氧混合气体的气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊电弧,采用Boltzmann作图法分析在不同耦合度下电弧等离子体的温度分布和电弧电压的变化规律,并与传统TIG焊及外层只引入氧气的气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊进行比较. 结果表明,氮氧联合过渡时气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊电弧的中心区域温度和电弧电压均高于传统TIG焊与外层只引入氧气时的气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊的数值;当耦合度由0变为+2时,电弧中心区域温度与电弧电压均略有升高.     

GPCA-TIG焊水冷焊枪设计及改进

为了充分发挥活性焊的优点,通过改变活性元素的引入方式,提出了一种新的活性焊接方法——气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊(Gas Pool Coupled Activating Welding,简称GPCA-TIG焊),该方法采用内外两个喷嘴将含有活性元素O的气体与惰性保护气体分开,达到增加焊缝熔深和减少钨极烧损的目的。针对GPCA-TIG焊接方法设计并研制了一把GPCA-TIG焊水冷焊枪,通过实际焊接效果发现,该焊枪能满足GPCA-TIG焊接方法所需要求,所得到的焊缝质量良好,进一步优化了焊枪装置,使得焊枪结构更紧凑,使用更加方便。     

气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊方法

提出了一种新型活性TIG焊方法——气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊,即GPCA-TIG焊.该焊接方法将气体分两层流动,内层气体采用惰性气体起到保护熔池的作用;外层气体则为含活性元素O的气体,将活性元素O引入熔池金属,达到增加熔深的目的.文中以SUS304不锈钢为焊接母材,研究了GPCA-TIG焊接法对焊接电弧及焊缝成形的作用,以及该方法主要工艺参数对焊缝熔深和深宽比的影响.结果表明,在相同参数下,与常规TIG焊方法相比,GPCA-TIG焊可不开坡口一次性焊透8 mm不锈钢板,焊接效率明显提高.同时采用该方法,可以有效避免钨极的氧化烧损.     

He与He＋CO_2双层气流保护TIG焊工艺

以0Cr13Ni5Mo水轮机转轮用低碳马氏体不锈钢为母材,开展了内层为氦,外层为He＋CO2的双层气流保护TIG焊工艺研究.内层通纯氦避免电极直接接触外层CO2而氧化烧损,外层添加活性气体CO2向熔池溶解活性元素氧改变熔池表面张力对流模式,进而增加熔深和焊缝深宽比.研究了外层气体中CO2含量的变化对电极保护和焊缝形貌的...     

气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊熔池N元素分布骤冷分析

采用骤冷法处理不锈钢气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊高温熔池金属,通过控制开始冷却时间,在不影响焊缝成形的前提下,保留N元素在高温熔池内的分布状态,并采用俄歇电子能谱(auger electron spectroscopy, AES)分析了不同位置处N元素的分布规律.结果表明,在熄弧前0.6 s开始冷却时,骤冷效果最好.熔池内N元素沿深度方向整体呈现均匀分布,局部存在较大范围波动;熔池前部和后部边缘位置的氮含量略高于中心位置,熔池中部边缘位置的平均氮含量略低于中心位置;熔池后部总的平均氮含量略高于熔池前部,熔池中部总的平均氮含量介于两者之间.     

N和O元素引入对GPCA-TIG焊焊缝冲击韧性的影响

通过外层气体引入O和N元素,气体熔池耦合活性TIG焊(gas?pool?coupled?activating?TIG?welding)可以实现深熔深、高质量和连续焊接.?为了研究清楚O和N元素引入对焊缝冲击韧性的影响规律和机理,针对SUS304不锈钢分别测试了外层气体为O2,N2和O2?+?N2时的焊缝低温冲击韧性,并...     

耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊工艺

将耦合电弧钨极和GPCA焊方法结合,形成了耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊方法,该方法可实现深熔深高速度焊接.对比分析了在较高焊接速度时常规TIG焊、耦合电弧钨极TIG焊和耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊的焊缝表面成形和截面形貌,发现耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊可避免咬边和驼峰焊道的产生,并且焊缝熔深有所增加.耦合电弧钨极GPCA-TIG焊工艺试验表明,焊缝熔深和熔宽随焊接速度的减小和外喷嘴位置的升高而增大,随着弧长和外层氧气流量的增加先增加后略有减小;随着焊接速度的减小,弧长和外层氧气流量的增大,焊缝咬边减轻,外喷嘴相对高度变化时焊缝均未出现咬边.     

双层气流保护TIG焊接方法

介绍了一种双层气流保护TIG焊接方法,它适用于TIG焊接过程,解决现有普通TIG焊接熔池深度较浅和混合气体保护下钨极易氧化烧损的问题.该焊接方法将传统单一气体通道的TIG焊枪改造设计为双层气体通道,内层气体为纯惰性气体,保护电极,外层为惰性气体和活性气体的混合气体,向熔池过渡活性组元,改变熔池传热对流模式,增加熔池深度.结果表明,双层气流保护TIG焊接方法可使TIG焊熔池深宽比较普通弧焊深宽比增加2～3倍,同时避免了钨极氧化烧损,延长使用寿命.     

活性元素氧对AA-TIG焊熔池传输行为影响的数值模拟

电弧辅助活性TIG焊(arc assisted activating TIG welding,AA-TIG焊),采用辅助电弧以Ar+O₂作为保护气体预熔待焊母材表面以形成氧化层,再进行常规TIG焊,可使熔深明显增加.文中结合AA-TIG焊熔池氧元素分布的实验研究,提出焊接熔池表面氧元素的两种不均匀分布模式,考虑浮力、电磁力和表面张力,建立了更完善的电弧辅助活性TIG焊熔池模型,模拟研究氧元素在熔池表面呈不均匀分布时,AA-TIG焊瞬态熔池中动量及能量的传输行为.假设熔池内部液态金属是湍流、不可压缩Newton流体,使用FLUENT RNG k-ε湍流模型进行处理.结果表明,当氧在熔池上表面呈非均匀分布,并且氧的不均匀分布模型为低氧模型时,熔池内部仍然以内对流流动为主.     

外层氧气引入对GPCA-TIG焊焊缝性能的影响

针对SUS304不锈钢,采用传统TIG焊和GPCA-TIG焊进行工件表面熔焊,对外层气体引入氧气的GPCA-TIG焊和传统TIG焊焊缝的氧含量、显微组织、拉伸性能和低温冲击韧性进行了测定. 结果表明,GPCA-TIG焊焊缝组织主要为奥氏体和铁素体,铁素体形态以骨架状和板条状为主. 外层引入氧气时,焊缝中的氧含量增加,耦合度为+2时焊缝中的氧含量高于耦合度为0时的,焊缝的抗拉强度均略低于母材的. 耦合度为0的GPCA-TIG焊焊缝冲击性能与传统TIG焊的相同,耦合度为+2的焊缝低温冲击韧性有所降低,达到传统TIG焊的85%.     

The element transfer behavior of gas pool coupled activating TIG welding

This paper deals with a novel dual shield TIG welding method named gas pool coupled activating TIG( GPCA-TIG)welding. The welding method divides the shielding gas into two layers. Inert gas such as Ar is adopted as the inner layer gas to protect the tungsten electrode and the molten pool metal. Pure O_2,N_2 or mixture of them are used as the outer layer gas to increase the weld penetration and improve the low temperature toughness of weld metal. Through analyzing the interaction between outer gas and arc and the distributions and existing forms of oxygen and nitrogen elements,the transfer behaviors of nitrogen and oxygen from arc to pool were investigated. The results show that,the interaction between the outer gas and arc plasma makes the arc slightly constrict. The incoming oxygen enriches on the molten pool surface and exists in the form of iron oxide,chromium oxide,manganese oxide and silicon oxygen compounds. The incoming nitrogen evenly distributes in the molten pool and exists in the form of nitrogen atom.     

Weld shape variation and electrode protection under Ar–(Ar–O2) double shielded GTA welding

Abstract

Double shielded gas tungsten arc welding (GTA welding or TIG welding) of an SUS304 stainless steel with pure inert argon as the inner layer shielding and the Ar–O₂ active gas as the outer layer shielding is proposed in this study in order to investigate its effect on the tungsten electrode protection and the weld shape variation. The experimental results show that the inner inert argon gas can successfully prevent the outer layer active gas from contacting and oxidising the tungsten electrode during the welding process. The active gas, oxygen, in the outer layer shielding is decomposed in the arc and dissolves in the liquid pool, which effectively adjusts the active element, oxygen, content in the weld metal. When the weld metal oxygen content is over 70 ppm, the surface tension induced Marangoni convection changes from outward into inward, and the weld shape varies from a wide shallow one to a narrow deep one. The effect of the inner layer gas flowrate on the weld bead morphology and the weld shape is investigated systematically. The results showed that when the flowrate of the inner argon shielding gas is too low, the weld bead is easily oxidised and the weld shape is wide and shallow. A heavy continuous oxide layer on the liquid pool is a barrier to the liquid pool movement.     

Numerical simulation of influence of nozzle structure on arc characteristics of GPCA-TIG welding

This work mainly articulated the effects of nozzle structure on arc characteristics in gas pool coupled activating TIG( GPCA-TIG) welding process by using Fluent Software. Different models were set up to adapt the different torch structure during computer progress. The specific configuration of the welding torch made the gas flow in outer gas passage constrained. The nozzle structure has great influence on outer gas distribution because of the changing of coupling region between the outer active gas and molten pool surface. When the coupling degree is reduced or the outer gas passage become smaller,the oxygen in outer gas penetrates into the arc plasma and spreads to the arc region more easily. Owing to its cooling effects,the morphology of arc is contracted,and the arc temperature is increased. When the inner wall and the outer wall of outer gas passage are not parallel,the wide top and narrow bottom nozzle shape can bring more oxygen into the arc plasma,the arc is contracted and the peak temperature of arc rises a little more comparing to the narrow top and wide bottom one.     

Highly efficient TIG welding of Cr13Ni5Mo martensitic stainless steel

A double-shielded TIG welding process using pure He gas as the inner shielding layer and He and CO₂ mixed gas as the outer shielding layer was proposed for the welding of Cr13Ni5Mo martensitic stainless steels. This proposed welding process can successfully address the problem of electrode oxidation with mixed-gas TIG welding and the issue of low weld depth and welding efficiency of traditional TIG welding. A change in the direction of the surface tension convection mode was the primary mechanism that affected the fusion zone profile. When the oxygen content in the weld pool was in the range of 80–120 ppm, the surface tension convection direction changed from outward to inward, resulting in both a larger weld depth and a larger weld depth/width ratio. This process not only allows for a high welding efficiency comparing with traditional TIG welding but also produces better weld impact properties than those of MAG welding (metal active gas welding).     

铝合金气体输送活性钨极氩弧焊方法

针对铝合金,提出了一种气体输送活性钨极氩弧焊,即GTFA-TIG焊(gas transfer flux activating TIG welding).该方法改变了活性元素的引入方式,通过自动送粉装置将活性剂输送到保护气体中,由保护气体将其引入电弧-熔池系统进行施焊,使得电弧收缩,熔池金属流态改变,熔深增加,同时省却了涂覆活性剂工序,实现了焊接过程自动化.进行了普通交流TIG焊和8种单组元活性剂的GTFA-TIG表面熔焊,分析了不同活性剂对焊缝成形、拉伸性能以及缺陷的影响.结果表明,大多数卤化物和氧化物活性剂都能使熔深增加到传统TIG焊的2.5~3倍以上,单质碲增加熔深效果较差.采用V₂O₅的焊缝抗拉强度接近母材金属,而采用MnCl₂和AlF₃的焊缝有一定程度降低.焊缝X射线探伤结果表明,采用V₂O₅,MnCl₂和AlF₃的焊缝评片结果均为Ⅰ级,而采用碲的焊缝为Ⅲ级.