Offset Tracking在煤矿沉陷区地表大变形监测中的应用研究

针对传统煤矿沉陷监测方法存在监测周期长、提取的矿区地表变形量准确率不高的问题,提出将Offset Tracking技术应用到煤矿沉陷区地表大变形的监测中。以张双楼煤矿作为研究对象,应用Offset Tracking技术对该煤矿沉陷区的SAR影像进行处理,采用互相关系数过采样因子法建立地形起伏与噪声偏移量模型,使用最小二乘模拟轨道偏移分量,获取了矿区方位向和距离向的二维变形图和矿区变形信息。利用实测数据对Offset Tracking技术的监测结果进行评价,结果表明,利用Offset Tracking技术监测到的矿区最大沉降位置和变形方向与实测数据基本一致,误差仅为1cm,说明Offset Tracking技术能够准确、有效地监测煤矿沉陷区地表大变形,为煤矿沉陷区的合理治理提供依据。     

基于D-InSAR技术的淮南矿区地面沉陷监测

针对常规的通过大地水准测量、GPS测量监测矿区地面沉陷的技术存在监测周期长、成本高、无法全面监测等缺陷,提出了一种基于D-InSAR技术的矿区地面沉陷监测方法。以淮南矿区为试验区,采用两轨法D-InSAR技术,利用该地区2个时相的ALOS PALSAR数据获取了淮南矿区试验时间段内的地面形变图,分析了淮南矿区各矿的地面沉陷信息。结果表明,煤矿开采区存在5~25 cm不同程度的沉陷,与实际情况相符,因此,基于D-InSAR技术的监测方法可以作为一种获取矿区大范围的地表沉陷信息的有效方法。     

永城采煤沉陷区地表覆盖变化遥感监测

针对当前小面积采煤沉陷区地表覆盖监测数据源分辨率低、监测内容与指标设置不统一等实际问题,选取永城煤矿采煤沉陷区部分区域为研究区,探索构建了一套采煤沉陷区地表覆盖变化遥感监测技术指标体系。收集了多期馆藏航摄成果,开展地表覆盖信息提取、变化区域检测与无人机分类结果验证,形成了一套采煤沉陷区地表覆盖变化遥感监测的作业流程。通过统计变化类型与变化量,分析变化趋势与变化原因,验证了监测内容与指标设置的合理性。     

采煤沉陷区三维建模及场景漫游研究

煤矿开采虽然在一定程度上满足国家的能源需求,但是同时也带来严重的地表环境和生态问题。针对煤炭开采引起的地表沉陷,在充分收集各种地质和采煤技术资料的基础上,在VC 6.0环境下运用OpenGL技术和GIS技术进行开发,对采煤沉陷区进行三维地质体建模,并结合淮南矿区的地质参数,应用虚拟现实技术(VR),对采煤沉陷区进行场景漫游。该研究对于采煤沉陷区的发生、发展和趋势以及环境综合治理具有重大意义。     

数字近景摄影测量技术在矿山地表沉陷监测中的应用研究

为了解决传统的矿山地表沉陷监测方法存在的劳动强度大、不能实时观测、难以获得瞬时3维移动变形信息等缺陷,提出了一种利用基于非量测数相机的数字近景摄影测量技术进行塌陷区沉陷监测的方法。该方法首先利用标定过的高分辨率数字相机获取塌陷区的数字立体影像像对;然后采用相对定向、影像匹配等摄影测量解析处理技术提取塌陷区地表的数字高程模型;最后通过与该区域开采前数字高程模型对比分析来完成塌陷区沉陷范围、深度、体积等沉陷参数计算。应用研究结果表明,数字近景摄影测量的测定精度基本可以满足这次应用条件下沉陷监测的精度要求。该方法为矿山地表塌陷区的沉陷监测提供了一条可行的途径。     

TerraSAR-X数据在淮南矿区沉陷监测中的应用

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(Differential Interferometic SAR,D-InSAR)技术可以快速、精确、大范围地监测地表形变,为矿区开采沉陷的监测和防治提供了有效手段。以安徽淮南淮河以北矿区为研究区,获取了3景高分辨率TerraSAR-X影像,分别利用二轨法、三轨法D-InSAR技术提取2010年11月22日~2011年4月25日的沉陷情况。结果显示:在这期间淮南矿区发生了大量沉陷,最大沉陷量为-71mm,位于丁集矿区;顾桥顾北矿区和潘集矿区的最大沉陷量约为-50和-45mm,两种方法提取出的沉陷区位置、形态与实际情况基本稳合,沉陷速率与相关研究大体一致,表明利用短时空基线的高空间分辨率TerraSAR-X数据能够对淮南矿区的地表形变量和形变范围进行高精度的监测。同时,将两种方法提取的结果对比分析发现,在缺乏精细DEM数据的情况下,三轨法在平原区的应用效果优于二轨法。     

锚杆支护监测技术研究及便携式岩层视频监视仪的应用

首先简述了目前锚杆支护技术及其监测的意义,分析了目前煤矿井下岩层监视技术手段,介绍了一种利用视频技术对煤矿井下岩层进行监视的仪器,并通过实例展示了该仪器在煤矿井下岩层监视中的应用。该仪器已经通过了井下试验。将视频技术应用于煤矿井下岩层的监视在国内尚属首次。     

隆东煤矿开采沉陷预测分析

为了对隆东煤矿开采沉陷进行预测分析,应用概率积分法建立了主断面开采沉陷预测模型,并结合煤矿地表沉陷预测参数,预测了主断面地表沉陷变形分布规律;根据采空区任意点沉陷变形预测模型,采用VB程序计算采空区任一点的沉陷、倾斜、水平变形值,进而对开采沉陷土地破坏程度进行了分级。结果表明,采空区地表呈"盆"状沉陷变形,盆地中心为平底状,从盆地中心至盆地边缘沉陷值逐渐减小,中度破坏程度土地面积为13.1hm2,占沉陷总面积的57.9%。     

2种灰色模型在矿区地表沉陷预计中的适用性

目前矿区地表单点沉陷动态预计方法主要基于传统的水准测量数据,监测方法单一,成本高,观测点易破坏,不能保证地表形变信息的实时性,且采用灰色模型进行地表沉陷预计时只针对单一模型的应用,没有结合模型自身特点分析其适用性。以袁店二矿7221工作面为试验区域,采用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术监测矿区地表沉陷量,分别建立了描述沉陷量与时间关系的GM(1,1)与灰色Verhulst模型进行地表沉陷量预计,实现了矿区地表沉陷监测与动态预计一体化。通过比较、分析GM(1,1)与灰色Verhulst模型对地表沉陷量的拟合及预计结果,得出了2种灰色模型在矿区地表沉陷预计中的适用性:在矿区开采沉陷开始至活跃前期,若地表单点沉陷量曲线呈近似单峰型,则宜采用GM(1,1)进行短期预计;当矿区地表沉陷进入衰退阶段,单点沉陷量曲线呈平底饱和状态,则宜采用灰色Verhulst模型进行中长期预计。     

微型无人机在矿山地质工程测绘中的应用

矿山地质地貌形态复杂,地形起伏变化较大,为工程测绘带来了诸多难题。针对该问题,应用微型无人机技术对矿区进行了多次监测。首先,设计了科学的无人机航摄飞行方案,并采集到测区的影像数据。然后,用三角网加密算法对采集到的数据进行实验,去除了数据中的噪声点,获得了地面点数据。最后,采用局部多项式插值算法构建了无人机航测沉降盆地模型并进行了验证。验证结果表明,微型无人机能较为准确地反映矿山地区沉陷盆地的真实状态,对全面分析地表沉陷规律具有重要的意义。     

基于D-InSAR技术的唐山万达广场地区沉降监测及其安全性评价

唐山市万达广场南边为煤矿区,由于开采引起的地面沉降,直接影响到城市建筑物的安全,因此,采用D-InSAR形变监测手段获取煤矿区及周边地区的沉降时空分布特征显得尤为重要。收集了2004年～2008年唐山市万达广场及周边地区的3景ENVISAT ASAR数据,使用合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量(D-InSAR)技术来研究地面沉降对万达广场建设及周边地区的影响,获得了两期地面沉降结果,并将结果结合GIS技术对广场的建设进行安全性分析。实验结果表明:唐山煤矿地下开采引起的地面沉降从2004年开始没有再向万达广场的方向扩展,所以不会影响万达广场的建设,从而保证了广场的顺利建设和周边地区安全、有序的发展,也进一步验证了D-InSAR技术在煤矿区地面沉降监测中应用的可行性。     

Combining differential SAR interferometry and the probability integral method for three-dimensional deformation monitoring of mining areas

With the exploitation of coal resources, ground surface subsidence continues to occur in mining areas, destroying the ecological environment and significantly affecting the daily productivity and life of humans. The differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (D-InSAR) technique is widely used to monitor ground surface deformation because of its unique advantages such as high accuracy and wide coverage. However, conventional D-InSAR technology provides only one-dimensional (1D) displacement monitoring along the radar line of sight (LOS). This article proposes a method based on an analysis of the mining subsidence law for true three-dimensional (3D) displacement monitoring by combining D-InSAR and a subsidence prediction model based on the probability integral method. In this approach, 1D displacement, obtained using D-InSAR, is then combined with the prediction model to obtain the 3D displacement of ground surface target points. Here, 3D displacement curves were obtained for the Fengfeng mining area (China) using RadarSat-2 images obtained on 9 January and 2 February 2011. True ground surface displacement was measured simultaneously by levelling when the 152under31 s working face was being exploited in Jiulong mine. Vertical displacement and inclined deformation calculated using the proposed method were compared with levelling survey data and the results showed average differences of 3.2 mm and 0.1 mm m^?1, respectively; the calculated maximum displacement in the east–west and south–north directions were 106 and 73 mm, respectively. The spatial distribution of the displacements was in accordance with the mining subsidence law. Thus, the new method can retrieve highly accurate 3D displacements caused by mining subsidence.     

Monitoring of large-scale deformation in mining areas using sub-band InSAR and the probability integral fusion method

The large-scale and rapid land subsidence that occurs in mining areas often leads to problems, such as densely spaced interference fringes and the temporal decorrelation of interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) interferograms. To solve these problems, sub-band InSAR is applied to monitor the large-scale deformation that occurs in mining areas. First of all, four different bandwidth images with three sub-band bandwidth parameters are used to extract simulated mining-induced subsidence with seven different deformation magnitudes. The results of the simulation experiment suggest the following conclusions. In monitoring subsidence with different deformation magnitudes using images with different bandwidths, an optimal monitoring value exists; wider image bandwidths lead to smaller optimal monitoring values and higher monitoring accuracies. Therefore, an appropriate sub-band bandwidth should be selected that depends upon the image bandwidth and the subsidence level to achieve optimal monitoring. The optimal sub-band bandwidth for monitoring subsidence of different magnitudes in mining areas is determined through simulation experiments, and these conclusions can provide a technical basis for selecting the appropriate sub-band bandwidth for the monitoring of subsidence in mining areas. Although sub-band InSAR can reduce the number of interference fringes and the difficulty of unwrapping, the simultaneous introduction of large amounts of noise leads to reduced monitoring precision, and the application of the probability integral method in the prediction of mine subsidence is more mature. Therefore, the combined use of sub-band InSAR and the probability integral fusion method to monitor mining-induced deformation is proposed in this paper. The probability integral method is used to perform noise peeling on the interferometric phases of the sub-bands to improve the monitoring accuracy of sub-band interferometry. Then, according to the results of the simulation experiment, the fusion method with the appropriate sub-band bandwidth parameters is applied to monitor the surface deformation associated with working face 52,304 from 2 December 2012 to 13 December 2012. Finally, the monitoring results are compared with the results of monitoring using conventional differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar (D-InSAR) and global positioning system (GPS) field survey data. The results show that the reliability and accuracy of the fusion method are much better than those of conventional D-InSAR in monitoring the large-scale deformation that occurs at the edges of subsidence basins.     

合成孔径雷达差分干涉形变监测的质量评定分析

通过对D-InSAR数据处理过程中的不同误差进行分析,尤其是通过对差分干涉图和相位解缠的质量指标进行了详细分析和比较,研究了D-InSAR监测方案的质量评定与方案选取问题。并以西安地区1992-1993年间不同航迹,不同ERS干涉对的三个地面沉降监测方案为例进行了试验分析,结果显示采用干涉图和相位解缠的质量评定指标可以很好的进行监测方案的优选。     

Obtaining Coseismic Deformation Field of Jiuzhai Earthquake with Sentinel-1A

Based on C-band SAR data of Sentinel-1A satellite，two-pass Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture radar (D-InSAR) method was applied for analyzing the ground displacement due to the August 8，2017 Jiuzhaigou MS 7.0 earthquake shock.It obtained the study area coseismic deformation field.The interference results show that the earthquake caused obvious surface deformation，and the maximum uplift in the scenic area reached 12.6 cm，and the maximum settlement was 9.8 cm.The results show that the C-band radar data of Sentinel-1A satellite is very suitable for the detection of D-InSAR deformation in areas with dense vegetation and complex terrain.The ground deformation information obtained by D-InSAR technology can be used to analyze and discuss the scope of earthquake disaster and the mechanism of earthquake.The important status of D-InSAR technology in the field of large scale surface deformation detection and geoscience research are further clarified.     

基于SBAS-InSAR技术的煤矿开采沉陷监测与分析

地下煤炭资源大量开采导致的地表形变,引发严重的安全和环境隐患,雷达干涉测量技术是高精度、大范围地表形变监测的重要手段之一。以辽宁省沈阳市沈北新区蒲河煤矿为例,采用SBAS-InSAR技术探测2018—2019年矿区地表形变结果,获取了采煤引起地表形变的时空分布特征,结合采场所在区域的地质条件和变形诱发因素,利用数值模拟技术对观测形变结果进行模拟分析,进而讨论了蒲河煤矿地面沉降在时间和空间上的变形规律和机制。InSAR形变监测结果显示,开采区域内存在两处沉降漏斗,且数值模拟结果与InSAR形变观测值分布规律一致,反演结果接近实际情况,可为相关部门制定地面沉降防治措施提供科学依据。     

Dynamic monitoring of land subsidence in mining area from multi-source remote-sensing data – a case study at Yanzhou,China

Energy consumption in China is currently based on coal, but the exploitation of coal resources is accompanied by serious threats to the environment. In order to balance mine exploitation, land resource protection and land reclamation, there is an opportunity for monitoring land subsidence in mining area. This article examines a case study of Yanzhou mining area (YZMA) and proposes a new method for dynamic monitoring of land subsidence, which is a hybrid approach using a combination of multi-scale edge detection, relational model establishment and digital elevation model (DEM) difference analysis. A wavelet transform is used to extract the edges of water and marsh, which are buffered with the model to achieve the acquisition of the subsidence edge. DEM difference analysis is finally used to modify the results. The results indicate that this hybrid method improves subsidence monitoring performance by ±0.02 km² of the area accuracy. This method can be viewed as an effective approach to monitor a wide range of land subsidence in plain mining areas of China.     

GPS技术在煤矿垂直形变监测中的应用研究

介绍了GPS监测网的建立、煤矿垂直形变量的观测和数据处理方法,并将GPS监测结果与二等水准监测结果进行对比分析,得出结论:采用GPS静态定位技术监测煤矿垂直形变的结果能够很好地反映矿区的沉降和开挖情况;采用GPS技术与采用精密水准测得的结果平均差值不大于2mm,其所测得的大地高值及精度完全可以反映矿区地面点的垂直形变。     

Pre-survey suitability evaluation of the differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry method for landslide monitoring

The active remote-sensing technique differential radar interferometry (D-InSAR) is a powerful method for detection and deformation monitoring of landslides. But the radar-specific imaging geometry causes specific spatial distortions in radar images (as e.g. the layover and shadowing effect), which have a negative impact on the suitability of these images for D-InSAR applications. To address this issue, we present a geographical information system (GIS) procedure to accurately predict the areas in which layover and shadowing will occur, before the area of interest is recorded by radar. Additionally, the percentage of measurability of movement of a potential landslide can be ascertained. In the third part of the GIS procedure, the main types of land cover are classified in regard to their influence on applicability of the D-InSAR technique, depending on the characteristics of the sensor used. The results of the analyses are objective pre-survey estimation of the potential applicability of the D-InSAR technique for landslide monitoring prior to the costly investment of a radar survey.