电阻层析成像系统敏感场特性分析及图像重建

电阻层析成像系统敏感场受多相流介质分布的影响,敏感场分布数据作为图像重建所需的先验数据必须通过理论计算的方法得到.为了提高重建图像质量,对敏感场分布进行分析是非常必要的.在分析电阻层析成像的基本原理的基础上,采用有限元的方法建立了敏感场的数学模型,通过对敏感场场域的分析,研究了影响敏感场分布的因素及规律,完成了敏感场分布计算及可视化仿真.依据敏感场的计算结果,提出了一种基于多项式加速的ERT图像重建算法,给出了算法的数学模型,并利用谱分析对该算法的收敛性进行了证明.仿真实验结果表明,敏感场有限元模型是正确的,图像重建算法兼备成像质量高及收敛速度快等优点,为ERT图像重建算法的研究提供了一个新方法.     

电阻层析成像系统敏感场特性分析及仿真

电阻层析成像系统敏感场受多相流介质分布的影响,敏感场分布数据作为图像重建所需的先验数据必须通过理论计算的方法得到,为降低敏感场的软场误差,提高重建图像质量,对敏感场分布进行深入的分析是极为必要的。论文在分析电阻层析成像的基本原理的基础上,采用有限元的方法建立了敏感场的数学模型,通过对离散介质场域的研究,分析了影响敏感场分布的因素及规律,完成了敏感场分布计算及可视化仿真。实验证明建立的有限元模型是正确的,而且敏感场分布符合实际,运算速度在10s左右,为相关的图像重建算法提供了依据。     

未知介电常数对象的ECT图像重建方法

电容层析成像技术(ECT)是近年来发展较快、较成熟的一种过程层析成像技术,电容层析成像系统敏感场分布受介质介电常数分布的影响,即敏感场具有“软场”特性,通常以已知介质介电常数的灵敏度分布作为先验知识图像重建。根据对不同介电常数被测对象的检测灵敏度分析,采用一次仿真校验法对管内测量对象分别充满高、低介电常数介质进行仿真校验,并结合滤波反投影算法实现对未知介电常数的测量对象的图像重建。     

基于GMRES的超声过程层析成像算法研究

当前超声气固两相流层析成像的难点在于难以获得有效的信号和图像重建算法精度不高。鉴于此,作者以超声衰减理论为基础,提出一种基于广义最小残差(GMRES)迭代的超声层析成像重建算法：首先利用广义极小残差迭代算法获取初始物体浓度分布信息,然后采用均值滤波并设定灰度门槛的方法对其进行修正以提高图像精度。为验证该算法的可行性,利用数值仿真在较少有效信息条件下,求解欠定稀疏线性方程,将结果与现有几种图像重建算法比较发现该方法成像精度高,之后进行的超声气固两相流层析成像实验结果表明：采用该算法的成像系统能够反映管道内气固两相流截面固相浓度分布特征。     

基于混合先验的CT图像重建研究

在图像重建中,可以通过贝叶斯方法引入先验知识来抑制噪声提高重建的质量,提出了基于Gibbs先验和解剖中值先验混合的算法,该方法根据Gibbs先验分布和中值先验分布,先用基于Gibbs先验分布的算法多次迭代图像,再结合解剖结构先验,将以后每次迭代后的图像分割成不同的区域,将分割后的图像像素运用于中值先验.仿真实验表明,在...     

基于Kalman滤波的ECT图像重建算法

由于测量环境等因素的影响,实测数据往往带有噪声。为此,应用Kalman滤波算法进行电容层析成像（ ECT）系统图像重建,在归一化电容值中加入不同程度的噪声信号,利用噪声的统计特性进行测量值滤波,最终得到图像灰度值。在三种流型下与Landweber迭代算法进行了仿真比较,并在ECT实验装置上进行了静态实验。仿真与实验结果表明：Kalman滤波去噪效果优于Landweber迭代算法。     

改进Landweber电阻层析成像图像重建算法

为了克服电阻层析成像系统不适定性的影响,提高图像重建质量,提出一种改进Landweber电阻层析成像图像重建算法。利用基于粒子群算法的改进遗传算法,对敏感场均匀分布时灵敏度矩阵进行预处理,降低其条件数,改善其病态性,并应用于两相流典型流型图像重建。仿真实验结果表明,改进算法可将敏感场均匀分布时灵敏度矩阵条件数降低98.15%,有效提高了图像重建质量。     

基于小波域HMT模型的序列图像超分辨率重建*

鉴于基于小波域隐马尔可夫树的噪声抑制性和较好的边缘保持性,提出一种基于小波域隐马尔可夫树的序列图像的超分辨率重建算法。针对小波系数进行统计建模,讨论了不同尺度小波系数之间的隐马尔可夫树结构,利用了序列图像的运动信息,运用极大后验概率估计和贝叶斯原理,将小波域HMT作为图像先验知识并给出了超分辨率重建算法,最终通过EM算法和共轭梯度算法的交替迭代进行优化计算。实验结果表明方法的重建效果得到了明显的改进。     

一种改进的代数神经网络电阻层析成像图像重建算法

本文以16电极的ERT系统为背景,从图像重建的稳定性和速度两方面对两相流场的图像重建算法优化进行实验室研究。针对电阻层析成像系统存在的软场特性、强非线性和不适定性,重建的图像质量差、计算时间长等问题。采用了一种将基于类支集函数的代数神经网络算法,将图像重建转变为一个严格对角占优的线性方程组的求解问题,以达到图像快速、准确的重建目的,该算法的求解过程稳定并具有良好的计算性能。同时针对大规模神经网络算法训练速度较慢的问题提出了分区域求解的改进方法。通过实验仿真分析,改进后的算法具有简化神经网络结构,比大规模神经网络运算速度快,误差小等优点,为电阻层析成像系统图像重建提供了新的有效方法。     

稀疏梯度先验模型的正则化图像复原

传统Lucy-Richardson(LR)算法是一种基于贝叶斯分析的图像复原迭代算法,对高信噪比的退化图像能获得很好的复原结果,但对噪声过于敏感,对低信噪比的退化图像在迭代过程中易造成噪声的放大,虽然有一些正则化方法应用到LR算法中来抑制噪声,但往往容易产生过度平滑的问题。针对这些问题将图像稀疏先验模型作为正则项引入到LR算法中,抑制噪声在迭代过程中的放大。与常规的图像梯度约束算法不同,本文算法中根据模糊图像梯度分布特点的不同提出了可变参数的图像稀疏梯度正则化约束方法,使复原图像的梯度分布参数在迭代过程中更趋近于真实梯度分布,同时通过调整正则项系数可以避免复原图像的过度平滑。实验结果表明,同标准LR算法和常规梯度约束算法相比,本文算法能够实现在抑制噪声放大的同时较好地保留图像的细节。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.