在包装流水线中边缘检测算法的比较

阐述了经典边缘算子、最优算子以及自适应邻域算法、纹理边缘检测、边界跟踪技术以及神经网络方法等其它改进算法及其特性.经分析,Canny边缘检测算法以及由它改进得各种算法可以应用于包装的流水线控制中.     

A novel multiple attribute material selection approach with uncertain membership linguistic information

In engineering design, the decision to select an optimal material has become a challenging task for the designers, and the evaluation of alternative materials may be based on some multiple attribute decision making (MADM) methods. However, the current methods for material selection may induce the information losing and cannot represent the real preference of decision maker precisely. Therefore, in this paper, inspired by the idea of the intuitionistic linguistic variables, we define a new fuzzy variable called uncertain membership linguistic variable (UMLV) which composes two linguistic variables and membership degrees of elements to the linguistic variables. Meanwhile, the operational laws, score function, accuracy function and comparison rules of the UMLV are defined. Then, some aggregation operators are developed for aggregating the uncertain membership linguistic information such as the uncertain membership linguistic weighted average (UMLWA) operator, the uncertain membership linguistic weighted geometric (UMLWG) operator, the uncertain membership linguistic ordered weighted average (UMLOWA) operator and the uncertain membership linguistic ordered weighted geometric (UMLOWG) operator, and some desirable properties of these operators are discussed. Based on the proposed operators, an approach is proposed for material selection problems under uncertain membership linguistic environment. Finally, two numerical examples for material selection are given to illustrate the application of the proposed approach.     

A computational model for knowledge-driven monitoring of nuclear power plant operators based on information theory

To develop operator behavior models such as IDAC, quantitative models for the cognitive activities of nuclear power plant (NPP) operators in abnormal situations are essential. Among them, only few quantitative models for the monitoring and detection have been developed. In this paper, we propose a computational model for the knowledge-driven monitoring, which is also known as model-driven monitoring, of NPP operators in abnormal situations, based on the information theory. The basic assumption of the proposed model is that the probability that an operator shifts his or her attention to an information source is proportional to the expected information from the information source. A small experiment performed to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed model shows that the predictions made by the proposed model have high correlations with the experimental results. Even though it has been argued that heuristics might play an important role on human reasoning, we believe that the proposed model can provide part of the mathematical basis for developing quantitative models for knowledge-driven monitoring of NPP operators when NPP operators are assumed to behave very logically.     

Performance of serial assembly line designs under unequal operator speeds and learning

The traditional balanced assembly line designs can perform quite inefficiently under the presence of high labor turnover, low operator learning rates, and stochastic processing times. In these situations assembly line designs based on dynamic work allocation and work sharing principles have been shown to render a higher and less variable throughput. However, for situations where low labor turnover conditions and high operator learning rates exist, the traditional balanced lines still tend to be most productive. This paper has two objectives: to introduce a method based on work sharing principles, which we denominate Modified Work Sharing (MWS), and to develop some simple analytical tools that will allow us to compare the performance of this method with the traditional and other dynamic work allocation line designs. These results suggest that the traditional method is the most affected by the introduction of new operators in the production lines and thus the most affected by variability in general. On the other hand, dynamic work allocation methods appear to better absorb the variability introduced by new operators by sharing the workload of new operators with the more experienced members of the line.     

哈密顿量明显与时间有关系统的量子论

给出了明显与时间有关量子振动系统的哈密顿量的普遍形式。由量子湮灭算符和量子产生算符,构造了一组满足特定对易关系的量子算符,并由这组算符构造一个不变量算符,建立算符代数理论,由此得到量子振动系统的能级和波函数的具体表示。以一维量子阻尼振动系统为例,对该量子系统的量子力学问题进行了讨论。     

Banach格上的b-AM-紧算子(英文)

本文对Banach格上的b-AM-紧算子进行了描述,得到了如下三个结论:1)如果Banach格F是无限维的,则E是KB-空间当且仅当每个从E到F的AM-紧算子是b-AM-紧算子。2)Banach格E是离散的KB-空间当且仅当每个从E到F的连续算子是b-AM-紧算子。3)如果E是离散的,则每个从E到F的b-弱紧算子是b-AM-紧算子。其次给出了b-AM-紧算子的控制性质,得到如下两个结论:1)如果E和F是两个Banach格,算子S,T:E→F满足0≤S≤T且T是b-AM-紧算子,则算子S是b-AM-紧算子当且仅当F具有序连续范数或者E是离散空间。2)如果S,T是从E到F的算子满足0≤S≤T,如果T是b-AM-紧算子,则S2也是b-AM-紧算子。     

A recipe to detect the error in discretization schemes

The necessity for a reliable measure of the discretization error arises in adaptive mesh refinement and in moving mesh adaptation. The present work discusses a detector of the discretization error based on the interpolation reconstruction of the operators. The technique presented here is named operator recovery error source detector (ORESD). Its main features are: First, the technique is based on the operators being discretized and does not require any user intervention or any a priori knowledge of the solution or its properties. Second, the ORESD is an a posteriori error indicator, but it is shown to be consistent with the a priori error provided by the modified equation approach. Third, the technique is based on the operators being solved and is tailored to the specific problem at hand. Four, the technique is simple and is based on a small stencil, resulting in a very inexpensive error detection. In the present work, the ORESD is derived and applied to two tutorial examples: divergence and gradient. With the aid of the two examples and using the general derivation, the ORESD is then applied to the gas dynamics equations. Two benchmarks are used to test the performance. First, a shock tube problem is solved (Sod's benchmark) in a Lagrangian and in a Eulerian frame. Second, the Colella's wedge problem is solved using CLAWPACK. Finally, the ORESD is applied to the 2D Poisson equation on a uniform and on a non‐uniform grid to test the application to elliptic problems. In all examples the operator recovery error source detector succeeds in detecting the real sources of error. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Neural Operation Management: A New Avenue for Productive and Military Operations

An important effect of technological progress is the increasing replacement of manual labor by mental labor in productive and military operations. The variation of the operator’s capabilities in cognition, judgment and decision-making has drawn much attention from operation management researchers. Monitoring and evaluation of these capabilities is especially significant in conditions such as long-time operation, operation with special properties and operation under special circumstances. The military power and economic power are both the key concerns for a nation. The military power depends not only on the weapon system, but also the operators’ capabilities of manipulating the system. Similarly, the economic power is not only dependent on advanced machine system, but also the operational capability of the operators. Thus it has become a hot field of research and practice to monitor and assess the operator’s physiological and psychological states online based on neural measurement technology, and then to give real time intervention, so as to reduce the occurrence of accidents and increase the operation performance.     

边缘检测算法在污损条码识别中的应用研究

针对污损条码识别速度慢和正确识别率低的问题,提出了利用图像边缘检测算子来提取污损条码的边缘特征并进行识别。分析了常用边缘检测算法的算子特征后,采用Sobel算子进行了条码的边缘检测。针对原算子的不足,提出了一种改进的Sobel算子,改进算子增加2个方向的运算模版,能克服原算子在边缘提取时图像线条较粗等缺陷。仿真实验表明,改进的算子能快速有效地识别污损条码,正确率高达98.5%。     

Multi-Attribute Selection Procedures Based on Regret and Rejoice for the Decision-Maker

Feelings influence human beings’ decision-making; therefore, incorporation of feeling factors in decision-making is very important. Regret and rejoice are very important emotional feelings that can have a great impact on decision-making if they are considered together. While regret has received most of the attention in related research, rejoice has been less considered even though it can greatly influence people’s preferences in decision-making. Furthermore, systematically incorporating regret and rejoice in the multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) modeling frameworks for decision-making has received little research attention. In this paper, we introduce a new multi-attribute selection procedure that incorporates both regret and rejoice to select the best choice. We utilize the positional advantage operator concept to develop regret and rejoice mathematical equations, and prove them. The proposed MCDM procedure that incorporates these two emotional factors offers a decision-maker the flexibility to trade off some benefits in order to gain a state of psychological satisfaction. More specifically, regret and rejoice are presented mathematically to enable the decision-maker to determine the values of regret and rejoice, and then make the decision in which the rejoice value is higher than the regret value. To test the performance of this new procedure, we apply it to three numerical examples proposed in previous works. The results are matched with those obtained by other methods such as the regret model, VIKOR, PROMETHEE I, and PROMETHEE II, thereby proving the efficacy of the new procedure.     

新型多目标遗传算法及其在导弹射击效能优化中的应用

多目标规划是一类重要的优化模型，有着广泛的实际应用，但其求解至今仍是运筹学的一个难点．针对一般约束多目标优化问题，在设计了新的适应度函数和选择算子的基础上，提出一种新型多目标遗传算法．将其应用于导弹对集群目标射击效能优化问题，验证了算法的有效性．     

由规则并算子构造的泛模糊逼近器的充要条件

通过引进规则并算子的概念,本文给出31个规则并算子;证明了三角模是规则并算子;给出由规则并算子构造的控制器是泛模糊逼近器的充要条件。     

缓冲算子修正的单桩极限承载力的灰色预测

如何利用未达到破坏的试桩资料确定单桩极限承载力是一个重要的工程问题。根据单桩初始加载阶段的实测数据,建立以灰色系统理论为基础的GM(1,1)模型,预估单桩极限承载力,已在工程实际中取得一定的效果,但其精度有待提高。该文系统地论述了缓冲算子的概念和公理系统,探求了缓冲算子的使用规律,介绍了几种典型的缓冲算子及其特性,并采用缓冲算子修正了GM(1,1)模型以预测单桩的极限承载力。工程实例表明:该文的模型提高了预测精度,可在工程实际和理论研究中推广应用。     

Towards a psychologically consistent cellular manufacturing system

In cellular manufacturing systems (CMSs), an operator plays an important role. Because operators work for long-time periods in a production area, an increase in job satisfaction and system productivity occurs if the consistency of operators’ personal characteristics are considered in the design of CMSs. In a CMS, a cell formation problem (CFP) focuses on grouping and allocating machines, part families and operators to manufacturing cells. This paper considers a decision-making style (DMS) as an operator’s personal characteristic index in a CFP for designing a psychologically consistent CMS. DMS influences not only the interaction between two operators, but also the work that operator does on a machine. Hence, this paper develops a novel multi-objective mathematical model for the CFP considering consistency between each two operators in each cell and consistency between operator and his/her assigned machine(s). Because of possibility of a change in the primary DMS of a person to the backup one, this paper tackles this issue by applying a probabilistic procedure. Two hybrid meta-heuristic algorithms are developed for the large-sized test problems. In addition, the PROMETHEE-II method is applied to select the best Pareto solution. Finally, a real case study is presented to show the applicability of the developed approach.     

基于形态学算子的睫毛干扰抑制算法

针对虹膜识别中的睫毛干扰抑制问题,本文提出了一种基于形态学算子的睫毛干扰抑制算法.该算法将虹膜图像中的睫毛对象看作是背景图像中存在的随机的,不规则的细微裂缝,通过膨胀算子对这些裂缝进行像素填补,实现了对睫毛干扰的有效抑制.与常见的高斯滤波法相比,所提算法具有更强的睫毛干扰抑制能力.通过CASIA虹膜库的仿真实验表明,所提算法比高斯滤波法消除的睫毛像素点要多40%,可以使Daugman和Wildes定位算法的定位精度分别提高1.7%和2%,定位时间分别减少27.9%和24.2%.     

A discrete artificial bee colony algorithm for single machine scheduling problems

This paper presents a discrete artificial bee colony algorithm for a single machine earliness–tardiness scheduling problem. The objective of single machine earliness–tardiness scheduling problems is to find a job sequence that minimises the total sum of earliness–tardiness penalties. Artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm is a swarm-based meta-heuristic, which mimics the foraging behaviour of honey bee swarms. In this study, several modifications to the original ABC algorithm are proposed for adapting the algorithm to efficiently solve combinatorial optimisation problems like single machine scheduling. In proposed study, instead of using a single search operator to generate neighbour solutions, random selection from an operator pool is employed. Moreover, novel crossover operators are presented and employed with several parent sets with different characteristics to enhance both exploration and exploitation behaviour of the proposed algorithm. The performance of the presented meta-heuristic is evaluated on several benchmark problems in detail and compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms. Computational results indicate that the algorithm can produce better solutions in terms of solution quality, robustness and computational time when compared to other algorithms.     

Operator allocation planning for reconfigurable production line in one-of-a-kind production

In a one-of-a-kind production (OKP) company, the operation routing and processing time of an order are usually different from the others due to high customisation. As a result, an OKP company needs to dynamically adjust the production resources to keep the production lines reconfigurable. Through a proper assignment of operators in different sections of a production line, bottlenecks and operator re-allocation during production can be reduced effectively. In this paper, a mathematical model is introduced for optimal operator allocation planning on a reconfigurable production line in OKP. The optimisation objectives are to minimise the total number of the operators, total job earliness and tardiness, and the average work-in-process storage. A branch-and-bound algorithm with efficient pruning strategies is developed to solve this problem. The proposed model and the algorithm are empirically validated by using the data of a windows and doors manufacturing company. A software system based on the proposed approach has been implemented in the company.     

The requisite characteristics for diagnosis procedures based on the empirical findings of the operators' behavior under emergency situations

In this study, to suggest requisite characteristics for diagnosis procedures, the SROs' (senior reactor operators) behaviors in conducting the diagnosis procedure under simulated conditions are observed and analyzed in order to identify factors that make the performance of it difficult. As the results, four important characteristics that may be helpful in constructing effective and useful diagnosis procedures are suggested. These are: (1) the use of connection symbols should be minimized, (2) when connection symbols are used, precise information about entry symbols should be provided to the operators, (3) the use of negative expressions should be avoided, and (4) the diagnosis procedure should be constructed through the integration of both the non-compensatory and the compensatory approach. Although these characteristics are deduced, not from well-designed experiments, but from empirical observations, it is highly expected that the operators' diagnostic burden could be significantly reduced, if the above characteristics are properly embodied in the diagnosis procedures.     

Optical Lindblad operator in non-equilibrium thermo field dynamics

The Lindblad operator of the Markovian quantum master equation for an oscillator system is diagonalized by means of linear transformations of annihilation and creation operators in non-equilibrium thermo field dynamics. When the linear attenuation and amplification processes are considered, the left and right eigenstates of the Lindblad operator are constructed in terms of the transformed operators. In the linear attenuation process, the results are compared with those obtained by the damping base of the Lindblad superoperator. The base describing the time-evolution of the linear amplification process is derived and compared with the damping base. The method for diagonalizing the Lindblad operator is useful for calculating average values of physical quantities in the quantum Markovian process.