甘肃省植物性食物中毒事件流行特征分析

目的：分析2004--2009年甘肃省突发公共卫生事件网络报告的14起植物性食物中毒事件,为预防此类事件发生提供科学依据。方法：对2004--2009年甘肃省突发公共卫生事件网络报告的所有植物性食物中毒事件进行描述性流行病学分析。结果：2004--2009年甘肃省共报告植物性食物中毒事件14起,中毒203例,死亡8例,病死率为3．94％。事件发生主要集中在春夏季,7月和8月高发。农村地区明显高于城市。中毒食物主要有毒蘑菇（6例）、菜豆（3例）和发芽马铃薯（1例）,有毒蘑菇致死人数占87．5％。结论：蘑菇中毒是导致植物性食物中毒事件中的主要死亡原因,陇南地区农村家庭和学校等集体食堂是防范重点。建议采取重点地区重点防控,有针对性地进行综合干预等措施。     

重庆市某区一起肠炎沙门菌引起的食源性疾病暴发事件调查分析

目的 对一起因食用被肠炎沙门菌污染面包引起的食源性疾病暴发事件进行调查分析,为今后处置类似事件提供依据。方法 利用描述性流行病学方法分析病例的临床特征、流行病学分布及相关危险因素,开展回顾性队列研究确定病因食品,采集病例和食堂从业人员生物标本、剩余食品和环境样品进行实验室检验,结合卫生学调查情况,综合分析暴发事件的发生原因。结果 回顾性队列研究显示2021年5月20日重庆市某食品厂生产的某批次预包装面包为可疑食物,在食用该批次面包的73人中,有55人发病,患病率为75.34%,潜伏期中位数为15 h,同时,在剩余食品、相关环境样品、病人肛拭子中均检出肠炎沙门菌。结论 本次事件是一起因进食受肠炎沙门菌污染的面包导致的食源性疾病暴发事件。     

一起停乳链球菌似马亚种暴发感染的调查分析

目的调查一起幼儿园急性上呼吸道感染暴发疫情,为今后处理类似疫情积累经验。方法搜集所有病例的流行病学资料、临床资料,以及实验室检测结果等,并对调查结果进行统计学分析。结果幼儿园教职工罹患率为56.92%(37/65),没有幼儿病例。病例的症状主要表现为咽红、咽痛、乏力、发热及急性扁桃体炎等。饮用酸奶是主要发病危险因素(OR=3.34,95%CI:1.08~10.32)。病例咽拭子中检出停乳链球菌似马亚种,检出率为76.92%(10/13)。结论停乳链球菌似马亚种是此次食物中毒的病原菌。由食物中食源性停乳链球菌似马亚种引起的急性上呼吸道暴发感染在国内非常罕见。迅速对病原进行分离和鉴定是确定疫情暴发原因的关键。     

某大学城发生肠炎沙门菌食物中毒的调查分析

目的 调查并有效控制某大学城发生的一起较大食物中毒事件.方法 通过流行病学调查、卫生学调查、实验室检验,并应用SPSS11.0对数据库进行分析.结果 206例病人（来自3所大学）出现发热、腹泻、腹痛等胃肠道感染症状.流行病学曲线显示有2个发病高峰,班级及宿舍分布没有明显聚集性,也无明显年龄倾向性.病例对照显示某大学第二食堂是引起本事件的暴发场所,白切鸡等熟食品是高危食品.食品、工用具、病人、厨工肛拭均检出肠炎沙门菌.结论 确认该食物中毒是一起由肠炎沙门菌引起的食物中毒暴发事件.     

一起原因不明的集体食物中毒调查评析

2000年2月13日,东明县某村发生一起集体食物中毒事件,造成59人发病,罹患率达69.41％。经流行病学调查、实验室检验,综合分析认定为是一起不明原因的集体食物中毒。     

一起由巴氏杀菌乳污染引起的济南市多家幼儿园食源性疾病暴发事件的流行病学分析

目的 对一起涉及济南市多家幼儿园食源性疾病暴发事件的发生原因和可疑危险因素进行分析,为加强学校食源性疾病防控提供依据.方法 采用现场流行病学的方法,对病例进行调查,运用描述性流行病学方法、队列研究方法对暴发事件数据和各因素进行分析.结果 事件涉及济南市4个区11家幼儿园195名儿童,罹患率17.06％,年龄范围为3～6...     

一起酒店聚餐引起的副溶血性弧菌食物中毒事件分析

目的 对一起酒店聚餐引起的副溶血性弧菌食物中毒事件进行调查和溯源,为研究类似的食物中毒事件提供参考。方法 采用流行病学、食品卫生学和脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)技术等方法,分析此次食物中毒事件。结果 确认食物中毒病例26名,中毒罹患率为3.7%(26/710)；现场采集病例肛拭子26份、酒店厨师肛拭子16份,其中13份标本检出副溶血性弧菌,血清型均为O3∶K6,PFGE指纹图谱一致。结论 综合流行病学、食品卫生学和实验室检测结果分析,确定为一起副溶血性弧菌食物中毒事件,食品安全监管部门应加强对餐饮企业的监督管理,防止此类事件再次发生。     

2015—2017年深圳市食物中毒流行病学特征分析

目的 了解2015—2017年深圳市食物中毒发生的流行病学特点、中毒原因,为制定预防食物中毒策略提供科学依据。方法 采用描述性流行病学方法分析2015—2017年深圳市食源性疾病暴发监测系统收集到的所有食物中毒事件。结果 2015—2017年深圳市共报告食物中毒事件37起,中毒病例329例,死亡病例1例。中毒事件主要集中在5～9月份,共报告24起,占64.86%(24/37),涉及中毒病例223例,占67.78%(223/329)；中毒事件发生场所主要是饮食服务单位,共报告11起,占29.73%(11/37),中毒病例124例,占37.69%(124/329)。中毒原因以微生物性食物中毒为主,沙门菌中毒最多。结论 深圳市食物中毒防控策略应以降低沙门菌等微生物性食物中毒等为主,重点场所为饮食服务单位和集体食堂,在5～9月加强食品安全的宣传和监管力度,以降低食物中毒发生率。     

某海岛寺庙一起副溶血性弧菌食物中毒调查

目的对一起寺庙内发生的副溶血性弧菌食物中毒调查分析,为此类食物中毒的防制提供参考。方法对该起食物中毒进行流行病学调查、现场卫生学调查、实验室检测,通过病例对照研究和统计学处理,找出中毒原因并提出防制对策。结果本次中毒确认病例28名,其中僧人24名,从业人员和游客4名,中毒罹患率为5.6%(28/500);现场调查7月20日晚餐制作过程存在交叉污染情况,病例组与对照组就餐食物差异无统计学意义(P0.05);患者(含食堂从业人员)肛拭子标本和工用具样品检出副溶血性弧菌,血清型均为O3∶K6型,确定该起食物中毒为一起副溶血性弧菌食物中毒,中毒可能原因为食堂从业人员带菌且操作不当,污染7月20日晚餐而引起。结论本次事件提示寺庙食堂也会发生副溶血性弧菌食物中毒,相关部门应重视寺庙食物中毒风险,改善食堂卫生条件,落实食堂从业人员健康管理制度,加强监管监测和风险预警,以保障寺庙僧人和游客的食用安全。     

甘肃省2004—2011年食物中毒事件流行特征分析

目的:分析2004—2011年甘肃省突发并网络报告的食物中毒事件,为预防食物中毒事件发生提供相关依据。方法:对2004—2011年甘肃省网络报告的食物中毒事件进行描述性流行病学分析。结果:2004—2011年甘肃省共报告食物中毒事件73起,中毒2 311例、死亡53例,病死率为2.3%。事件发生时间主要集中在4—10月,其中9月中毒人数最多。致病因素中微生物性食物中毒为30起、植物性和动物性13起、化学性为25起;致死人数较多的因素依次为农药/鼠药(30例)、毒蘑菇(7例)、肉毒毒素(4例)、亚硝酸盐(4例)和其它(8例)。结论:报告的食物中毒事件中,微生物所导致食物中毒仍是较大的食品安全问题;而农药/鼠药中毒和蘑菇中毒是导致食物中毒事件中的主要死亡原因。农村是食物中毒的防范重点。     

Early detection of food pathogens and food spoilage microorganisms: Application of metabolomics

BackgroundFood safety is a major issue, with a large number of people around the world suffering from illness due to the consumption of contaminated and unsafe food products. An early detection of food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms is an important step that can help to control a foodborne outbreak, thus avoiding the loss of a massive amount of food products.Scope and approachMetabolomics is generally a hypothesis generating tool that makes use of different analytical instruments to analyse as many metabolites as possible in a given biological sample. Metabolomics has already been successfully applied to different areas of food science. Here, I present metabolomics as a valuable tool for studying the metabolism of food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms.Key findings and conclusionsThe scientific area of metabolomics has improved tremendously over last decade. Due to the rapid development of instrumental platforms, it is now possible to analyse a wide range of metabolites present in food and produced by microorganisms. This approach has a high potential to determine biomarkers which can later be used for the development of early detection tools for food pathogens and spoilage microorganisms, thus ensuring a better management of food safety.     

Migration kinetics of four photo-initiators from paper food packaging to solid food simulants

ABSTRACT

The migration behaviour of four photo-initiators (BP, EHA, MBP and Irgacure 907) was studied by ‘printing’ onto four different food-packaging materials (Kraft paper, white cardboard, Polyethylene (PE)-coated paper and composite paper) and tracking movement into the food simulant: Tenax-TA (porous polymer 2,6-diphenyl furan resin). The results indicated that the migration of the photo-initiators was related to the molecular weight and log K_o/w of each photo-initiator. At different temperatures, the migration rates of the photo-initiators were different in papers with different thicknesses. The amount of each photo-initiator found in the food was closely related to the food matrix. The Weibull model was used to predict the migration load into the food simulants by calculating the parameters τ and β and determining the relationship of the two parameters with temperature and paper thickness. The established Weibull model was then used to predict the migration of each photo-initiator with respect to different foods. A two-parameter Weibull model fitted the actual situation, with some deviation from the actual migration amount.     

Epidemiologie des EHEC O104:H4/HUS-Ausbruchs in Deutschland, Mai bis Juli 2011

From May to July 2011 the largest outbreak of infections with enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O104:H4 and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) reported to date with more than 3,800 diseased persons and 53 deaths occurred mainly in Northern Germany. Infections predominantly affected adults. This contrasts EHEC gastroenteritis and HUS surveillance data of previous years when mainly children where affected. In relation to disease onset (symptoms of diarrhea) of reported cases, the outbreak began on 8 May 2011, peaked on 22 May, and then subsided. On 26 July 2011, the outbreak was declared to be over by the Robert Koch Institute (RKI), because at this point in time new cases that were obviously associated with the outbreak and had a disease onset after 4 July had not been reported in the three previous weeks. Epidemiological studies of the RKI in cooperation with local and state public health authorities and hospitals as well as investigations by food safety authorities identified contaminated sprouts from producer A in Lower Saxony and, more specifically, imported fenugreek seeds used for sprout cultivation as the most likely vehicle of infection. Close cooperation between health and food safety authorities during the outbreak investigation was essential for solving the outbreak within a short timeframe.     

Eleven shades of food integrity: A halal supply chain perspective

BackgroundFood integrity is not only related to the good quality of the food product, nonetheless, it distresses closely more on the health, safety, religious and cultural matters. Weaknesses in handling, monitoring, processing and other factors along the food’s supply chain outbreaks the recent food integrity scandal. These outbreak food integrity scandals could be prevented if clear aspects that affect the food integrity were embraced along the food supply chain. This article is aiming to highlight the factors affecting food integrity in the context of the halal food supply chain and their potential for future research.Scope and approachThis review attempts to provide a wider view of supply chain management in the halal food industry. Attention is drawn to the literature on other food industries and the results there are put in the context of the halal food setting. In this review, it emphasizes the factors could be monitor or control that contributes to the problem of food integrity.Key findings and conclusionsEleven ‘shades’ of food integrity in the halal supply chain are offered, which can be categorized into four supply chain dimensions, related to raw materials, production, service, and the consumer. Each shade is defined and aligned with the results in the literature, and areas for future research are suggested. Theoretical and managerial implications are provided. The ‘shades’ highlighted can be used and considered by managers as fundamental insights to ponder in safeguarding the integrity of halal products.     

Commercial processed food may have endocrine-disrupting potential: soy-based ingredients making the difference

Processed and packaged food items as well as ready-to-eat snacks are neglected and poorly characterised sources of human exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). In this study we investigated the presence of xenoestrogens in commercially processed and packaged Finnish foods, arising from substances deliberately added or inadvertently contaminating the food, substances formed as a result of food processing, or substances leaching from food packaging materials. Samples were obtained in three separate batches of equivalent products from both a supermarket and a local representative of a global chain of hamburger restaurants and extracted by a solid-phase extraction method. Their endocrine-disrupting potential was determined by yeast bioluminescent assay, using two recombinant yeast strains Saccharomyces cerevisiae BMAEREluc/ERα and S. cerevisiae BMA64/luc. In this test system, the majority of samples (both foodstuffs and wrappers) analysed proved negative. However, all batches of industrially prepared hamburgers (but not those obtained from a hamburger restaurant) as well as pepper salami significantly induced luciferase activity in the BMAEREluc/ERα yeast strain indicating the presence of xenoestrogens, with estradiol equivalents of these products ranging from 0.2 to 443 pg g^–1. All three products contained soy-based ingredients, which apparently accounted for, or at least contributed to, their high estrogenic activity, since no signal in the assay was observed with extracts of the packaging material, while two different soy sauces tested yielded an intense signal (28 and 54 pg ml^–1 estradiol-equivalent). These findings imply that by and large chemicals arising in the processing or packaging of foodstuffs in Finland constitute an insignificant source of xenoestrogens to consumers. However, soy-derived ingredients in certain food items might render the entire products highly estrogenic. The estrogenic activity of soy is attributed to isoflavones whose health effects – though widely considered beneficial – are controversial. As hamburgers are a popular type of food among children, the findings are noteworthy and possibly of concern.     

某公司一起副溶血性弧菌食物中毒调查

目的查明中毒原因,及时采取有效干预措施,为类似疫情的防控工作提供科学依据。方法通过核实诊断、访谈病例和企业内搜索等方式搜索病例。应用描述流行病学手段确定暴露模式和因素。开展回顾性队列研究,分析暴露因素与发病的关联。对粪便、呕吐物和剩余食物等样品/样本进行可疑致病菌检测。结果共搜索到37例病例,回顾性队列研究显示2014年8月18日午餐鱿鱼炒青椒、凉拌豆腐卷是危险食物,在剩余食品和病人腹泻物中均检出副溶血性弧菌。结论本次食物中毒暴发是因为病人食用了被副溶血性弧菌污染的鱿鱼,豆腐卷在制作过程中存在交叉污染,加工过程未能有效杀灭细菌所致。     

Use of retailer fidelity card schemes in the assessment of food additive intake: Sunset Yellow a case study

The feasibility of using a retailer fidelity card scheme to estimate food additive intake was investigated using the Swiss retailer MIGROS's Cumulus Card and the example of the food colour Sunset Yellow (E 110). Information held within the card scheme was used to identify a sample of households purchasing foods containing Sunset Yellow over a 15 day period. A sample of 1204 households was selected for interview, of which 830 households were retained in the study following interview. Interviews were conducted to establish household structure, patterns of consumption by different individuals within the household, and the proportion of foods containing Sunset Yellow habitually purchased at the retailer and/or consumed outside the home. Information provided by the retailer on levels of Sunset Yellow in the foods was combined with the information obtained at interview to calculate the per-capita intake of Sunset Yellow by members of participating households. More than 99% of consumers (n = 1902) of foods containing Sunset Yellow were estimated to consume less than 1 mg Sunset Yellow kg^?1 body weight day^?1. The method proved to be a simple and resource-efficient approach to estimate food additive intake on the basis of actual consumer behaviour and thus reports results more closely related to the actual consumption of foods by individuals     

Soybean extruded by-products as substrate for obtaining food ingredients containing probiotics

Extruded expeller meal (EEM) was widely used for feed production, but few exploited it as a food ingredient. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) was applied for obtaining food ingredients (FI) based on EEM containing Lacticaseibacillus casei. The FI were characterised physicochemically and functionally. The effect of the SSF on these characteristics as well as the effect of the expeller matrix on the survival capacity of L. casei in in vitro gastrointestinal digestion and on epithelial adhesion were analysed. In general, the SSF process did not produce significant changes on the nutritional and functional properties studied. Probiotic cells supported in the FI were stable for 42 days showing >10⁶ log (CFU g⁻¹) viable probiotic microorganisms. More than 60% of them survived to gastrointestinal simulated conditions. Expeller matrix interfered the adhesion of L. casei with the epithelium. The FI could be incorporated to a porridge for improving the nutritional profile and providing functionality.     

双重实时荧光PCR法测定食品中大豆、小麦过敏原

目的:为食品监管部门有效检测食品中大豆、小麦过敏原提供技术支撑。方法:分别依据小麦醇溶蛋白基因及大豆Lectin基因为模板设计并创建TaqMan探针双重荧光PCR方法,大豆Lectin基因检测采用FAM标记,小麦醇溶蛋白基因检测采用HEX标记,同时以真核生物18S rRNA作为内参基因确保检测体系的有效性。结果:所创建的实时多重TaqMan探针PCR体系对大豆、小麦过敏原之外的物种成分无荧光扩增;大豆、小麦混合样品的检出限均能达到0.01%(质量分数)。结论:所创建的实时多重TaqMan探针PCR体系针对大豆、小麦过敏原有高特异性,可用于食品中过敏原大豆、小麦成分的同步快速检测。