电沉积纳米晶材料的研究进展

本文介绍了电沉积法制备纳米晶材料的原理、方法与特点 ,综述了电沉积纳米晶材料的研究现状 ,讨论了电沉积纳米晶材料的应用与发展前景。     

电沉积法制备纳米晶材料

电沉积法是制备完全致密的纳米晶材料最有前途的方法之一。介绍了电沉积法制备纳米晶镍及其合金的研究现状，以及制备方法对纳米晶材料性质的影响。     

三维块体纳米晶材料的制备及应用

综合评述了三维块体纳米晶材料的最新研究进展.概述了三维块体纳米晶材料的常用制备方法及新颖制备技术,并对各种制备方法进行了综合比较,指出其优缺点及已有实际应用的材料体系;介绍了三维块体纳米晶材料的性能表现;展望了三维块体纳米晶材料的未来研究发展方向及其在新领域的应用前景.     

电沉积纳米晶材料的研究进展

本文介绍了电沉积法制备纳米晶材料的原理，方法与特点，综述了电沉积纳米晶材料的研究现状，讨论了电沉积纳米晶材料的应用与发展前景。     

电沉积法制备纳米晶材料的研究进展

综述了纳米晶的特点，纳米晶材料电沉积制备的原理和方法，介绍了电沉积纳米晶镍及镍基材料的硬度、拉伸性能、应力、耐磨、耐蚀性及热稳定性等性能研究及其应用现状。认为100μm以下的纳米晶电沉积层的高耐蚀耐磨性在汽车发动机、液压活塞等零部件上将会进一步应用，纳米晶镀层的热稳定性还需改善。     

脉冲电沉积法制备纳米材料的研究进展

纳米材料具有特殊的磁性、光学、力学、电学、电化学催化等性能,而脉冲电沉积技术在制备纳米材料方面应用广泛且优点多.着重列举了脉冲电沉积技术在制备纳米晶材料、纳米复合材料、纳米析氢材料、纳米金属薄膜及纳米金属多层膜、纳米线材料等方面的应用,总结了纳米材料的一些特点,展望了脉冲电沉积技术制备纳米材料的前景.     

电沉积纳米晶镍的研究现状及展望

综述了电沉积法的特点和基本过程,电沉积纳米晶镍的制备工艺,电沉积纳米晶镍的织构和热稳定性,以及电沉积纳米晶镍的强度和硬度;展望了电沉积纳米晶镍的研究趋势.     

退火对电沉积纳米晶Ni-Mn合金性能的影响

采用脉冲电沉积法制备了纳米晶Ni-Mn合金,测定了退火前后纳米晶Ni-Mn合金的显微硬度和抗拉强度.结果表明:退火后电沉积纳米晶Ni-Mn合金的显微硬度和抗拉强度值均有提高.分析了退火处理对电沉积纳米晶Ni-Mn合金性能的影响.     

一维CuO纳米针材料的直径可控制备研究

采用脉冲电沉积技术在金属Cu基板表面电沉积纳米晶Cu薄膜，在空气中采用热氧化法制备出一维金属CuO纳米针材料。实验研究了脉冲电沉积参数（输出脉冲频率f和占空比r）对电沉积纳米晶的微结构和晶粒度的影响，发现一维CuO纳米针的根部直径与电沉积纳米晶Cu的晶粒度完全一致。通过调节脉冲电沉积参数，能控制电沉积纳米晶Cu的晶粒度，进而实现一维CuO纳米针材料的直径可控分布。     

书讯：——《电沉积纳米晶材料技术》

本书由屠振密教授主编,国防工业出版社2008年5月出版。 本书主要内容包括：电沉积纳米晶概述;电沉积纳米材料的制备方法及原理;电沉积单金属纳米晶及其纳米复合镀层的制取方法、特性及应用;电沉积纳米合金及其纳米复合镀层的制取方法、特性及应用。其重点主要介绍电沉积技术制备单金属、合金及复合镀层等纳米材料的方法、镀液性能、镀层的微观结构和特性以及应用和发展。     

Structural nanocrystalline materials: an overview

This paper presents a brief overview of the field of structural nanocrystalline materials. These are materials in either bulk, coating, or thin film form whose function is for structural applications. The major processing methods for production of bulk nanocrystalline materials are reviewed. These methods include inert gas condensation, chemical reaction methods, electrodeposition, mechanical attrition, and severe plastic deformation. The stability of the nanocrystalline microstructure is discussed in terms of strategies for retardation of grain growth. Selected mechanical properties of nanocrystalline materials are described; specifically strength and ductility. Corrosion resistance is briefly addressed. Examples of present or potential applications for structural nanocrystalline materials are given.     

金属纳米块体材料制备加工技术和应用

综述了国内外块状纳米材料的制备技术进展及存在的问题 ,提出了超短时脉冲电流直接晶化法和深过冷直接晶化法两类潜在的块状金属纳米晶制备技术 ,并对今后的研究及发展前景进行了展望。同时对大块纳米材料的性能特点及应用前景做了展望     

块体纳米晶Ni-Fe合金的制备及表征

采用直流电沉积方法制备块体纳米晶镍铁合金材料,经过工艺参数和成分的优化,提出可连续施镀,并有很高镀厚能力及晶粒尺寸、晶粒结构和合金成分可控的电沉积工艺配方及工艺方法,利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、X射线衍射分析（XRD）等检测设备进行分析和表征,结果表明,获得的块体纳米晶镍铁合金材料表面光滑致密、结构均匀,材料平均晶粒尺寸在25nm左右。最佳工艺参数为：电流密度Dk=5～dm2,pH值3．5,温度60℃。     

Preparation of nanocrystalline Ni–Fe strip via mechanical alloying–compaction–sintering–hot rolling route

Nanocrystalline structures offer opportunity for the development of soft magnetic materials, such as 80 wt% Ni–20 wt% Fe, with superior properties. In recent years, nanocrystalline 80Ni–20Fe (wt%) alloy has been prepared by mechanical alloying of elemental powders. However, retention of nanocrystallinity during consolidation of powder is the key issue to take advantage of improved magnetic properties. In the present work, it has been shown that near-full density bulk nanocrystalline 80Ni–20Fe strip can be prepared via a route consisting of mechanical alloying, cold compaction, sintering, and multi-step unsheathed hot rolling. A crack-free strip of nanocrystalline 80Ni–20Fe, having 99% theoretical density and a grain size of approximately 55 nm, was successfully prepared by sintering and hot rolling of mechanically alloyed powder preforms at 1140 °C. The bulk nanocrystalline 80Ni–20Fe material resulted in a very narrow hysteresis loop indicating a very small hysteresis loss. The present study shows that mechanical alloying–sintering–hot rolling route can be a promising method for producing bulk nanocrystalline materials.     

Preparation of nano-structured pure rare-earth bulks by combining inert-gas condensation with SPS

A number of techniques have been developed to synthesize nanocrystalline bulk materials,including inert-gas condensation and consolidation,electrodeposition,severe plastic deformation,crystallization of amorphous solid,surface mechanical attrition,and powder metallurgy.However,it is hard to produce the bulk with controllable nanostructures,especially with the grain sizes controllable in a wide range below 100 nm.In the conventional powder metallurgy,due to the fact that rapid coarsening of the particles ...     

块体多孔金属镍的逐层扫描喷射电沉积制备

介绍了基于喷射电沉积的逐层扫描法制备块状多孔金属镍的原理,利用该工艺在自行研制的试验装置上制备块状多孔金属镍.利用电子扫描显微镜(SEM)对多孔金属镍块状试样的表面形貌、微观组织结构及孔隙率进行检测,对表面显微硬度和压缩性能进行测试.结果表明:多孔金属镍样品的多孔层由向上生长的枝状晶围成三维连通孔隙,通孔分布均匀致密.经SEM分析铸层表面,可见枝状晶分支由菜花状的晶胞叠加生长形成.使用加工电流密度为900A/dm2时,制备的块状样品孔隙率为61.5%.表面的显微硬度HV为330.5.压缩性能的检测结果表明,多孔金属的抗压屈服极限为11.85MPa.应力曲线存在一个很宽的塑性平台,具有典型的塑性多孔材料特征.     

The evolution of porosity in bulk nanocrystalline materials during plastic deformation and its effect on the mechanical behavior

Uniaxial compression tests were carried out to completely understand the evolution of porosity in porous bulk nanocrystalline materials, and a new evolution law of porosity under uniaxial compression was proposed. Based on the energy principle, we built a mechanical model to calculate the overall mechanical properties of bulk nanocrystalline materials. The comparison between predicted results and the corresponding experimental data indicates that the established model is capable of describing the plastic mechanical behaviors of porous nanocrystalline materials.     

全致密镝纳米晶块体材料的制备及其结构和磁性研究

采用放电等离子烧结技术制备了全致密镝纳米晶块体材料,研究晶粒尺寸对其结构和磁性的影响。显微组织分析发现,在573K和773K的烧结条件下,材料的平均晶粒尺寸分别为10nm和100nm左右,晶体结构分析发现,镝纳米晶块体是与原始粗晶镝一样的密排六方结构晶体,磁性能测试结果表明,随着平均晶粒尺寸的下降,样品的奈尔温度（T_N）逐渐降低,而居里温度（T_C）则先降低后升高,在5K温度和9T磁场下,平均晶粒尺寸10nm的镝块体材料比粗晶镝的磁化强度降低了3.35%,矫顽力则增加了3倍。     

Enhanced tensile ductility in bulk nanocrystalline nickel electrodeposited by sulfamate bath

Electrodeposition is one of the fabrication techniques to produce nanocrystalline materials. In this paper, bulk nanocrystalline Ni (nc-Ni) was electrodeposited by using a sulfamate bath which generated low residual stress. In order to enhance tensile property of bulk nc-Ni, we investigated influences of glossing agents and bath condition on tensile properties, as these are reported to have an influence on surface condition, grain size and microhardness. It was found that saccharin contents and current density have significant effects on tensile properties of bulk nc-Ni. Moreover, we successfully obtained bulk nc-Ni displaying tensile ductility of over 10%. In particular, bulk nc-Ni from sulfamate bath with 5.0 g/l saccharin exhibited superior plastic deformation and good tensile strength (UTS = 1.2 GPa, ε_f = 15%). We were able to develop the relationship between tensile strength and ductility to a higher level on nc-Ni.