铜氨液水冷器的改造

铜氨液水冷器的改造郭水来（济南化肥厂山东济南市，２５０１０１）我厂１９７７年二期工程峻工后，合成氨产量为７．５万吨／年。设有二台Ｆ＝２８０ｍ２喷淋式钢氨液水冷却器，并联操作，共占地面积达１３６ｍ’，并且管外壁易结垢，降低传热效率二我厂利用设备更新机会...     

波纹管气氨冷凝器与其它冰机水冷器的比较

介绍新型高效波纹管水冷器的性能和与其它水冷器对比使用结果,证明这种换热器具有高效、节能的特点。     

低温甲醇洗装置氨冷器内漏影响分析及处置措施

分析了低温甲醇洗装置氨冷器出现内漏后对生产的影响,并对不同处置方案进行比较,提出氨冷器出现少量泄漏时延续生产的处置措施,即通过在氨冷器壳侧进出口设置盲板隔离、降低氨冰机入口压力和开启液氮洗冷箱直补液氮等方式为低温甲醇洗装置补充冷量。处置措施实施后,合成氨装置生产负荷达到98%,使生产得以延续。     

管壳式冷凝器漏氨故障及对策

本文分析管壳式冷凝器漏氨原因及排除故障的方法。     

甲醇系统水冷器内漏原因分析及对策

通过对甲醇装置水冷器漏原因进行分析,发现造成水冷器内漏的主要原因是应力腐蚀、垢下腐蚀和设计不合理。简述了针对不同内漏原因采取不同的处理措施,收到良好的效果。     

氨合成系统2#水冷器取消后运行分析

氨合成系统2#水冷器泄漏,存在严重的安全运行风险,分析和总结2#水冷器取消后的安全运行情况.     

甲醇水冷器内漏分析及处理

甲醇水冷器是兖矿国宏化工有限责任公司100万t／a甲醇装置的主要设备之一,2007年12月投入使用,2008年3月壳程冷却水溶液分析含甲醇,判断设备内漏。管箱解开,通过壳程试气密,管板表面着色检查,发现存在以下问题：（1）管板表面有纵向裂纹;（2）列管内漏;（3）列管焊缝有漏点。技术特性见表1。     

降低氨合成系统水冷器出口气体温度的措施

利用旧氨冷器对氨合成系统进行了工艺流程的局部改造,以降低氨合成系统水冷器出口气体温度,实现增产降耗的目的。     

氨对低温甲醇洗系统的影响及控制

介绍低温甲醇洗系统中氨的来源,探讨氨对低温甲醇洗系统的影响。氨虽然能够抑制系统的腐蚀,但氨会在激冷器管束中生成铵盐堵塞换热器管束,氨也会使合成气中硫超标。针对影响因素,提出控制低温甲醇洗系统中氨的方法。     

液氮洗涤塔尾气回收对合成氨装置的影响及对策

中国石油宁夏石化公司Ⅰ套合成氨装置液氮洗涤塔塔底产生的尾气原设计送入锅炉作为燃料气,为了达到节能减排目的进行了改造,将该股尾气改成为合成氨原料。但是由于尾气量大、成分中重组分较多,给装置操作带来了影响。针对这些影响,通过技术手段给予解决。     

天然气组分变化对合成氨装置的影响及对策

阐述中国石油塔里木油田公司石化分公司大化肥天然气组分变化的原因,分析对合成氨装置生产的影响,提出了对策和措施。     

气相色谱法分析合成塔进出口氨含量

介绍利用气相色谱法测定氨合成塔进出口氨含量的分析方法,通过实验说明该方法的准确性。     

MASS TRANSFER IN MEMBRANE ABSORPTIONDESORPTION OF AMMONIA FROM AMMONIA WATER

Hydrophobic membrane can provide fast mass transfer for absorption-desorption of gasesform liquid to absorbent.The removal of ammonia from ammonia water and absorption with dilutesulphuric acid was studied in a pilot plant with polypropylene hollow fiber column,The removalrate and influences of operation temperature,flow rate and concentration on mass transferperformances were discussed mathematically.Experimental results and computer calculation show thatthe ammonia removal rate is not affected by the feed concentration for a given system.Both partialand overall mass transfer coefficients vary along the axis of the fiber,and the mass transfer for themembrane process is controlled by membrane resistance.     

漏氨对循环水系统的危害及其解决方法

通过金陵石化水煤浆装置氨制冷系统中的换热器泄漏,氨进入循环水系统的事故,分析氨进入循环水系统的危害,给出氨泄漏情况下的循环水运行方案,提出控制金属腐蚀以防止泄漏的一些建议。     

浅析制冷系统的操作对氨合成生产运行的影响

冷凝温度高低决定氨合成塔进口氨含量的高低,也将直接影响合成氨反应效率。分析影响冷凝温度的因素,降低入口氨含量,提高氨合成效率。     

中压甲铵冷凝器防结垢方法探讨

分析中压甲铵冷凝器的工艺流程和操作条件，指出设计中的不足，找出其结垢的非药剂因素——温度和流速，对一些相关改造的成败提出观点，并提出增设加压泵回流控温和增大上、回水压差的新思路。     

液氨泄漏后果模拟与分析

针对液氨的理化性质,对液氨泄漏可能导致的火灾、爆炸和中毒后果进行定量模拟分析,为液氨的生产、储存和使用提供参考。     

THE EFFECTS OF WATER SPRAY COOLING ON COOLER PERFORMANCE

In recent years, summers in the Northeast, as well as in many other regions of the United States, have reached record high temperatures. These unusually high ambient temperatures have led to the overloading of power transformer coolers, resulting in the inability of the coolers to maintain the top oil temperature of the transformer at an acceptable level. A field-tested solution to this problem is the application of water spray onto the tube bundles of the cooler to enhance the heat transfer. Currently, the standard way of applying water to an overheated transformer cooler is to hose it down. This method has always been implemented without consideration of the spray pattern or quantity or water used, usually resulting in a wastefully high rate of water consumption. An experiment has been setup to determine the performance of a transformer cooler subjected to water spray. This work consisted of the design and implementation of a water spray system to an existing fullscale cooling loop representative of those found on actual transformers. Predictions were also made for the top oil temperature subjected to dry-air cooling and compared with experimental data. The reliability of this model shows that it can be extended for water spray applications. Heat transfer data were obtained for a range of air velocities and water flow rates on this loop. The experimental results show a significant decrease in the top oil temperature of the cooler when water spray is applied to the cooler tubes. However, the enhancement was not as significant for water flow rates above 4 GPM. Distribution of the water spray through the tube bundle were qualitatively made by visual observation.