基于高职院校《化工原理》课程的考试改革研究

为响应国家政策,全面创新改革,提高高职教育发展质量。本文结合工作实际,阐述了兰州石化职业技术学院《化工原理》课程考试改革的实施方案、实施过程、研究成果以及碰到的问题。以改促教、以改促学,提高教学质量,为今后更加科学、合理的教学诊断与评价方法提供了有价值的研究信息。     

石油产品分析课程教学改革探索

石油产品分析课程是高职工业分析技术专业必修的一门专业课。石油产品分析课程教学改革的目的是引导学生自主学习,锻炼学生"教、学、做"的能力,提高学生的职业能力和综合素质。经过对教学内容、教学方法、考核方式的改革,取得了一些成效。     

“互联网+”时代化学反应工程的混合式教学探索

针对化学反应工程传统教学中存在的不足,结合"互联网+"时代混合式教学的有效性,对化学反应工程课程进行了混合式教学改革探索,提出了线上自学与线下研论结合——"以教为主"向"以学为主"转变、线上理论分析与线下实践结合——知识传授与能力培养并重、线上学习评价与线下学习评价结合——过程评价与结果评价全面考核等改革要点,旨在提高学生学习效率,促进学生知识的掌握和创新工程实践能力的发展。     

“做学教合一”无机及分析化学实验教学探索

根据企业岗位职业能力的需求,对"做学教合一"在无机及分析化学实验中的运用做了探索,突出能力的学习和运用,尝试"做中学——学中教——做中教"的教学方法,改革实验评价方法,从而提高实用性技术人才职业能力的培养质量。     

《化工技术经济》教学实践与改革探讨

《化工技术经济》是化学学院开设的以技术经济学的知识为基础结合化工专业的案例形成的一门交叉学科,教学难度较大。结合教学改革的要求,我们探索了"教"与"学"的新的结合方式。在"学"中,充分发挥学生的自学能力和创造力。在"教"中,采用启发式教学和情景教学,以学为主,以教促学,提高教与学的协同效果。同时在学习过程中引导学生课外阅读一些经济类书籍,期刊,网站,利用多媒体给出较多案例探讨,与日新月异的经济发展相适应。     

基于林业高校化工原理教学改革与实践的研究

改革是教学的动力,质量是改革的核心,具有特色专业化工原理课程体系的改革是我们的目标与方向。结合课程性质将林业特色与课程内容相融合,通过教学体系培养学生的创新能力,注重学生的实践能力,重视学生的素质提高,为社会培养合格的人才。最终,激发了学生的主体能动性,培养了学生学习的兴趣,增强了学生的学习能力,由教师"教"转向学生"学"与"创"。     

以学生为中心的高职化学课程教学改革与实践

为了适应新时期高职教育教学的要求,满足化工专业毕业生就业岗位需求,高职化工专业化学课程教学必须进行改革。从基于学生的岗位能力培养,重构化学课程教学内容、基于学生的学习能力培养,创新化学课程教育教学方法、基于学生的学习主动性培养,改革化学课程考核方式三个方面对化学课程进行教学改革,以期提高人才培养质量。     

“互联网+小班授课”教学模式探讨——香港大学访学见闻与思考

伴随着互联网技术的日趋完善以及小班授课教学模式的逐步推广,如何开展"互联网+"背景下的小班授课教学,逐渐成为高校教学改革关注的焦点问题。笔者有幸于香港大学访学交流,针对"互联网+小班授课"教学模式有了一些深入的思考。任务驱动式教学模式激发学生学习兴趣,提高课程参与度;课程考核方法的改革与创新,关注学生的学习过程,侧重学生综合能力和专业素养的培养;教学团队建设,合理利用每一个成员的知识、技能与特长协同工作,达到完成教学任务、提高教学质量的目标。互联网技术与小班授课教学模式的有机融合实现由"教"到"学"的转变,获得了良好的教学效果。     

化学工艺学课程教学研究与探讨

简要介绍了《化学工艺学》课程的基本内容,化工工艺的特点。针对课程特点,提出相应的课程改革思路。通过教学改革,提高了学生学习化学工艺学课程的兴趣,增强了学生分析和解决具体生产问题的能力。实践表明,工艺学学习采用多样化教和学的手段,对教学质量提高有较大的帮助。     

"以学生为中心"的课堂教学比较研究 ——基于新西兰尼尔森·马尔堡理工学院的教学实践

当前高职院校的课堂教学改革已经达成一个共识,就是开展"以学生为中心"的教学模式改革。课堂教学离不开"教"与"学"的互动,教师如何将"教""学"很好的结合是"以学生为中心"教学的基本准则。"以学生为中心"的教学理念起源于西方,只有切身深入到西方课堂教学才能更好的体会如何在课堂上突出学生学习的主体地位,教师如何发挥引导作用,如何帮助学生加强自我学习和管理。笔者通过观摩和旁听NMIT的实际授课情况,观察学生在课堂中表现,学习教师与学生的互动方法等并与国内授课的各个环节进行对比,深刻感受到课堂教学离不开"教"与"学"的互动,教师如何将"教""学"很好的结合是"以学生为中心"这一教学模式能顺利实施的关键。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。