Fe2O3/TiO2纳米管复合材料光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料废水的研究

水热法合成TiO2纳米管,以Fe(NO3)3为前驱体制备Fe3+掺杂TiO2纳米管(Fe2O3/TiO2),并系统研究其光催化降解染料废水活性。结果表明,Fe3+掺杂能有效提高TiO2纳米管光催化降解染料废水效果,其中Fe2O3掺杂量为4%(ω)时,其光催化性能最好,最高降解率可达99%,且具有较好的稳定性。研究证实,Fe2O3/TiO2复合材料具有良好的光催化降解亚甲基蓝染料废水性能。     

Fe3O4磁粉的合成与结构表征

采用化学共沉淀法制备纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子。选用NH3.H2O作为沉淀剂,加入到Fe2+和Fe3+的混合盐溶液中,制得了纳米磁性Fe3O4粒子。考察了影响产物粒径的一些实验因素。通过X-Ray谱图证实了产物结构特征,平均粒径在37 nm左右,平均晶粒度只有28 nm左右的均分散。     

Fe3+/TiO2纳米空心球的制备及其对阳离子蓝的可见光降解

以钛酸正丁酯和硝酸铁为原料,纳米碳球为硬模板剂采用低温回流-煅烧法成功制备了不同比例的Fe3+/TiO2纳米空心球。采用FE-SEM、TEM、XRD,UV-Vis及EDS对制得的样品进行表征。FE-SEM和TEM结果表明,制得样品均为空心球结构,其中Fe3+掺杂后空心球的壁厚有所增加。UV-Vis光谱表明,Fe3+掺杂的TiO2样品对可见光的响应明显增强。以阳离子蓝为目标污染物进行可见光催化降解,试验结果表明,Fe3+/Ti4+摩尔比为0.5:100时,样品的光催化效果最好,降解效率达到83.2%,是TiO2空心球降解效率的4.16倍。降解反应符合1级动力学方程。     

V2O5、NiO、Fe2O3和钒渣对Al2O3/MgAl2O4的腐蚀机理

研究了V2O5、NiO、Fe2O3和钒渣对Al2O3和MgAl2O4尖晶石的腐蚀。把Al2O3和MgAl2O4试样分别同上述氧化物一起从室温加热到1 400℃、1 450℃和1 500℃,加热速率为10℃.min-1。用XRD和SEM对每个系统的腐蚀机理进行了分析。结果显示,所研究的氧化物对Al2O3的影响弱于对MgAl2O4的影响。氧化铝被NiO侵蚀形成NiAl2O4尖晶石,MgAl2O4尖晶石被V2O5侵蚀形成MgV2O6。本文还观察到钒渣中的成分Fe2O3、Mg、Ni、V和Fe分散到了Al2O3结构中。另一方面,Fe2O3、Ca、S、Si、Na、Mg、V和Fe分散到了MgAl2O4结构中。最后,把得到的结果与FactSage软件的预测结果进行了对比。     

SO42-/Fe2O3/ZrO2的合成及催化降解染料性能的研究

合成并研究了不同比例的SO24-/Fe2O3/ZrO2催化剂催化降解罗丹明B的性能。实验表明:用0.5 mol/L和1.5 mol/L的硫酸浸泡后的Fe2O3/ZrO2(Fe∶Zr=1∶1),再在600℃下煅烧合成的催化剂的活性最高,对罗丹明B的催化降解速率最大。催化剂连续催化降解14 h,重复循环降解3次,罗丹明的降解率都能够得到90%。     

磁性Fe3O4纳米粒子的双层改性

采用化学共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米粒子,并以油酸和SDBS为改性剂,水和乙醇为载液,制备出分散性好的磁性Fe3O4流体;阐述了双层表面活性剂改性的机理;通过X射线衍射和投射电镜研究表明,Fe3O4纳米微粒的平均粒径约为10 nm。     

硫铁矿烧渣水热-热解法制备纳米Fe3O4

利用硫铁矿烧渣制取纳米Fe3O4可使废渣变废为宝,消除环境污染。采用不同方法处理硫铁矿烧渣,以获取的浸取液为原料,采用三乙醇胺水热-热解法制备纳米四氧化三铁(Fe3O4)。考察了不同浸取液、浸取液浓度、三乙醇胺体积分数、反应温度和反应时间对产物物相和形貌的影响。用X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、激光粒度仪及Zeta电位仪对产物进行了表征。结果表明,浸取液中Fe2(SO4)3浓度为0.08 mol/L、三乙醇胺体积分数为42.8%时,在200℃下反应2 h制备的Fe3O4呈球形,粒度为20～60 nm。研究结果为综合利用了硫铁矿烧渣提供了一种新的途径。     

磁性SO42-/ZrO2/Fe3O4/凹凸棒石固体酸催化剂的制备及催化性能

以凹凸棒石（palygorskite,PAL）黏土为载体,采用共沉淀法制备了SO24-/ZrO2/Fe3O4/PAL固体酸催化剂。利用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、能谱和超导量子干涉仪对催化剂进行了表征,并用于催化乙酸正丁酯的反应,考察了Fe3O4、ZrO2含量和煅烧温度对催化剂活性的影响。结果表明：SO24-/ZrO2/Fe3O4/PAL固体酸催化剂具有较高的催化活性和较强的磁性能,磁性材料的引入提高了催化剂活性,对乙酸正丁酯的合成反应活性高达89.26%,使用4次后其酯化率还能达到74.53%。     

复合固体超强酸SO42-/Fe2O3/Al2O3/ZnO的制备及其催化性能的研究

利用共沉淀法由Fe(NO3)3、Al(NO3)3、Zn(Ac)2和H2SO4制备了SO42-/Fe2O3/Al2O3/ZnO催化剂,并用于催化合成苯甲醛丙二醇缩醛,研究了醛醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间等因素对产品收率的影响。结果表明,在n(苯甲醛)∶n(丙二醇)=1∶1.2,催化剂用量为反应物总质量的1%,反应时间50 min的最佳条件下,苯甲醛丙二醇缩醛的收率可达97.6%。     

H3PW12O40/SiO2催化合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛

以二氧化硅负载磷钨酸(H3PW12O40/SiO2)为催化剂,苯甲醛和乙二醇为原料合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛。探讨H3PW12O40/SiO2对缩醛反应的催化活性,较系统地研究了醛醇物质的量比、催化剂用量、带水剂用量、反应时间等因素对产物收率的影响。实验表明:H3PW12O40/SiO2是合成苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的良好催化剂;在n(苯甲醛)∶n(乙二醇)=1∶1.5,催化剂用量占反应物量总质量的0.8%,环己烷为带水剂8mL,反应时间45min的最佳条件下,苯甲醛乙二醇缩醛的收率可达60.6%。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.