溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸钡陶瓷纤维

首次采用乙酰丙酮作为钛醇盐的稳定剂，醋酸钡和钛酸丁酯为原料，无水乙醇-冰醋酸作为溶剂，用sol-gel法制备了长达50cm的BaTiO3凝胶纤维。用FT-IR、XRD、TGA．DTA、SEM等手段对凝胶纤维或陶瓷纤维进行一系列表征，最终得到单一钙钛矿相钛酸钡陶瓷纤维，纤维直径4～10μm，具有椭圆形截面。     

VSSP法制备PZT陶瓷长纤维及其表征

采用纤维素和锆钛酸铅(PZT)粉体为原料,使用黏胶纺丝法(VSSP)制备了直径250μm的PZT陶瓷长纤维.利用SEM和XRD对纤维素坯和烧结后纤维进行表征并根据正交实验设计法通过实验确定了纤维成型浆料中粉体与纤维素质量比、分散剂用量以及老成时间等因素对成型后纤维素坯直径均匀度的影响,进而确定了制备PZT陶瓷长纤维的优...     

超高压成型制备Y-TZP纳米陶瓷

研究了用超高压成型制备Ｙ－ＴＺＰ纳米陶瓷的新方法．通过采用新的成型方法,在５０００吨六面顶压机上实现了高达３ＧＰａ的超高压成型,获得相对密度达６０％的３ｍｏｌ％Ｙ_２Ｏ_３－ＺｒＯ_２陶瓷素坯,比在４５０ＭＰａ下冷等静压成型所得素坯的密度高出１３％．这种超高压成型所得素坯具有极佳的烧结性能,可在１０５０～１１００℃下经无压烧结致密化．研究表明,这种素坯烧结性能好的主要原因是素坯的相对密度比较高,从而大大增加了物质的迁移通道．由于烧结温度极低,有利于制备ＺｒＯ_２晶粒尺寸＜１００ｎｍ的纳米陶瓷。在１０５０℃／５ｈ的条件下,可烧结得到相对密度达 ９９％以上的 Ｙ－ＴＺＰ纳米陶瓷,平均晶粒仅为 ８０ｎｍ．     

Preparation of Y-TZP/AI2O3 whisker preform by an in situ method

In situ growth of AI₂O₃ whiskers into the matrix of Y-TZP (yttria-doped tetragonal zirconia polycrystals) was examined in order to prepare Y-TZP/AI₂O₃ whisker preform for the composites. Various shapes of AI₂O₃ particles were grown by the reaction of AI₂O₃ and AIF₃ powders with moist nitrogen or oxygen gases at high temperature. They showed a trend to change the particle shapes from massive rhombohedron whisker platelet as the processing temperature was increased. These particles, however, grew only on the surface and not inside the pellets It was found necessary to introduce the carrier gas inside the pellets for particle growth to occur internally. AI₂O₃ whiskers can be synthesized inside the pellets by mixing with an organic space-forming agent having a relatively large particle size.     

纳米3Y-TZP陶瓷粉体形貌的分形分析

为了应用分形理论确定纳米3Y－TZP粉体制备方法的优劣，采用共沸蒸馏法和醇水溶液加热法制备了纳米3Y－TZP粉体，利用TEM观察确定了粉体粒径尺寸和团聚体形貌，并运用分形理论分析了分形维数和粉体烧结性能的关系。结果表明：纳米粉体在颗粒尺寸相同的情况下，粉体分形维数越低，团聚体半径越小，烧结性能越好；对粉体TEM图像进行分形维数计算并与粉体红外光谱分析和烧结结果进行了比较，确定醇水溶液加热法制备纳米3Y－TZP粉体效果较好。     

Synthesis of SiC ceramic fibers from nuclear reactor irradiated polycarbosilane ceramic precursor fibers

Polycarbosilane (PCS) ceramic precursor fibers are irradiated in a nuclear reactor and pyrolyzed under inert atmosphere. Bridge structure of Si–CH₂–Si is formed in the irradiated products by the rupture of Si–H bonds and succeeding cross-linking. When irradiated at the neutron fluence of 2.2 × 10¹⁷ cm⁻² under N₂ atmosphere, the gel content and ceramic yield at 1,273 K of PCS fibers are up to 80% and 94.3%, respectively, and their pyrolysis products are still fibrous, which illuminates that the infusibility of PCS fibers has been achieved. FT-IR spectra indicate that the chemical structure of pyrolysis products is very similar to that of pure SiC, while X-ray diffraction curves suggest that β-SiC microcrystals are formed in the fibers, and their mean grain size is about 7.5 nm. The oxygen content (1.69–3.77 wt%) is much lower than that of conventional SiC fibers by oxidation curing method (about 15 wt%). Tensile strength of the SiC fibers is up to 2.72 GPa, which demonstrates that their mechanical properties are excellent. After heat-treated at 1,673 K in air for an hour or at 1,873 K under Ar gas atmosphere for 0.5 h, their external appearance is still undamaged and dense, and their tensile strength decreases to a small extent, which verifies that heat resistance of the SiC fibers is eximious.     

Preparation of highly conductive graphene-coated glass fibers by sol-gel and dip-coating method

In order to fabricate highly-conductive glass fibers using graphene as multi-functional coatings, we reported the preparation of graphene-coated glass fibers with high electrical conductivity through sol-gel and dip-coating technique in a simple way. Graphene oxide (GO) was partially reduced to graphene hydrosol, and then glass fibers were dipped and coated with the reduced GO (rGO). After repeated sol-gel and dip-coating treatment, the glass fibers were fully covered with rGO coatings, and consequently exhibited increased hydrophobicity and high electrical conductivity. The graphene-coated fibers exhibited good electrical conductivity of 24.9 S/cm, being higher than that of other nanocarbon-coated fibers and commercial carbon fibers, which is mainly attributed to the high intrinsic electrical conductivity of rGO and full coverage of fiber surfaces. The wettability and electrical conductivity of the coated fibers strongly depended on the dip-coating times and coating thickness, which is closely associated with coverage degree and compact structure of the graphene coatings. By virtue of high conductivity and easy operation, the graphene-coated glass fibers have great potential to be used as flexible conductive wires, highly-sensitive sensors, and multi-functional fibers in many fields.     

Preparation and characterization of nanoscale Y-TZP powder by heterogeneous azeotropic distillation

A heterogeneous azeotropic distillation process was effectively used to dehydrate hydrous zirconia and therefore prevent the formation of hard agglomerates in the preparation of nanoscale zirconia powder. The mechanism of azeotropic distillation to prevent hard agglomerate from forming was studied by investigating the interaction of hydrous zirconia with n-butanol. The prepared powder was sintered to 99.5% of theoretical density by slow-sintering (average grain size of 200 nm), 97.5% by fast-sintering (average grain size of 120 nm) at 1250°C.     

先驱体浸渍-裂解法制备SiBN纤维增强SiBN陶瓷基复合材料

连续纤维增强氮化物陶瓷基复合材料是耐高温透波材料的主要发展方向,纤维是目前制约耐高温透波复合材料发展的关键,而SiBN陶瓷纤维是一种兼具耐高温、透波、承载的新型陶瓷纤维。以聚硅氮烷为陶瓷先驱体,以SiBN连续陶瓷纤维为增强体,采用先驱体浸渍-裂解法制备了SiBN陶瓷纤维增强SiBN陶瓷基复合材料,研究了复合材料的热膨胀特性、力学性能、断裂模式以及微观结构。结果表明:SiBN陶瓷纤维增强SiBN陶瓷基复合材料呈现明显的脆性断裂特征,复合材料的弯曲强度和拉伸强度分别为88.52 MPa和6.6 MPa,纤维的力学性能仍有待于提高。     

二维树状分叉碳纤维的浮动催化法制备

采用两段加热卧式浮动催化法合成了二维树状分叉碳纤维。讨论了制备条件如:催化剂(二茂铁)、催化促进剂(噻吩)以及它们在碳源溶液中的含量、苯／氢的比例、氢气的流量等对生长二维树状分叉碳纤维的影响。二维树状分叉碳纤堆的分叉纤堆相互平行排列,直径与母体纤维接近,部分分叉碳纤维与其它碳纤维交叉相连。提出了二维树状分叉碳纤维的生长机理和交叉结构可能的生长模式;二维树状分叉碳纤维的生长符合气相生长碳纤堆的生长机理,是纳米碳纤维在反应管高温区继续生长的结果。可以预测,控制一定的条件,可以用两段加热卧式浮动催化法合成二维碳纤维网状结构,在复合材料等领域有潜在的应用价值。     

叠层压铸法制备纳米碳纤维/铜基复合材料

在比较目前C/Cu复合材料主要制备工艺特点的基础上,采用叠层压铸法制备纳米碳纤维/铜基复合材料,初步探讨了温度、压力对材料相容性、显微组织和性能的影响.研究表明:在略高于铜熔点的温度及适当的压力下,可获得成型较好的纳米碳纤维/铜基复合材料,与不含纳米碳纤维的试样相比硬度值(Hv)提高约30%.实验中还观察到微量杂质硫以化合物Cu2S的形式在C/Cu复合体中聚集形成规则的富硫球状颗粒的现象.     

Failure analysis of a ceramic ball race bearing made of Y-TZP zirconia

Full ceramic ball bearings have some advantages compared to conventional steel bearings. They have for instance higher stiffness and hardness, lower density and reduced friction. Because they need less lubrication than steel bearings and owing to their wear and corrosion resistance they are generally materials of choice for pharmaceutical and food industries.In this work a full ceramic bearing that was used in a small mixer in the pharmaceutical industry is investigated. The bearing, consisting of two ZrO₂ rings and silicon nitride balls in between, was damaged during service because of premature wear. A failure analysis is performed by fractography and Raman spectroscopy, and it is shown that a stress induced phase transition from the tetragonal to the monoclinic phase was the reason behind the failure of the ZrO₂-rings.     

溅射—阳极氧化法在釉面砖上制备多彩TiO_2膜

采用直流磁控溅射法先在釉面砖上镀制一层 Ti膜 ,然后采用阳极氧化法制备透明的 Ti O2 薄膜。根据光的干涉原理 ,控制 Ti O2 膜的厚度 ,制备了土黄、深兰、浅兰、金黄、粉红、紫红、绿色等十余种颜色的金属化装饰面砖     

Thermoelastic stresses in composite ceramic fibers

A calculation of stress and deformation fields in ceramic fibers formed by the method of chemical vapor deposition onto a heated substrate is performed within the framework of linear elasticity theory. Optimum parameters for fibers with a homogeneous structure, a layered structure, and a gradient one are sought.Institute of Structural Macrokinetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka. Translated from Inzhenerno-Fizicheskii Zhurnal, Vol. 68, No. 1, pp. 128–135, January–February, 1995.     

离心成型结合模板法制备孔径均匀的多孔氧化铝陶瓷

将等直径的发泡聚苯乙烯(EPS)小球排列成有序的模板,通过在模板内离心成型制备孔径均匀的多孔氧化铝陶瓷.研究了多孔陶瓷孔结构的调整方法,分析了离心参数对孔壁生坯密度的影响,借助了TG-DTG曲线确定了焙烧工艺,用扫描电镜表征了最终产物的显微结构.结果表明,多孔陶瓷的孔结构可以通过改变小球的直径和所承受的附加载荷来调整.当氧化铝浆料的固相含量超过50%(体积分数),离心成型的物质分离现象被抑制,孔壁具有较高的生坯密度63.4%和烧结密度98.8%,当烧结产物的孔隙率从75.6%增加到83.2%,压缩强度由3.2MPa降到1.78MPa.     

Multi-walled carbon nanotube-reinforced silicon carbide fibers prepared by polymer-derived ceramic route

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT)-reinforced silicon carbide (SiC) ceramic fibers were successfully prepared by blending MWNTs (0-0.5 wt.%) with polycarbosilane, followed by melt spinning, curing, and pyrolysis. The MWNTs used in this study were modified with a chemical treatment. It was found that the MWNTs were well-dispersed in the matrix and aligned with the axis of the fibers after ultrasonic dispersion combined with melt spinning. Mechanical measurements revealed that significant improvement in Young’s modulus and tensile strength was achieved by incorporating MWNTs into the ceramic fibers. The addition of 0.5 wt.% MWNTs led to a 93.6% increase in the Young’s modulus and a 38.5% increase in the tensile strength.     

凝胶前驱体纤维热分解还原制备铁纤维

以柠檬酸铁为原料,通过水溶液中的聚合反应合成了具有良好可纺性的前驱体溶胶,经过干法纺丝、凝胶化和高温热分解还原,制得了直径约为10~15μm的金属铁纤维.本文研究了不同原料、配比、pH值对溶胶前驱体可纺性的影响,应用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)对溶胶前驱体的形成、热分解转化过程及产物的物相组成进行了研究.