肾小球薄基底膜病的超微病理诊断

对1100例肾活检中52例（4.7%）肾小球薄基底膜病（TBMD）进行回顾性总结。52例TBMD中，46例为儿童（88.5%），6例为成人（11.5%）。TBMD电镜下以基底膜弥漫变薄为特征。成人和儿童正常GBM厚度不同，因此诊断TBMD标准亦不相同。对TBMD的诊断必须密切结合临床和病理检查，应符合以下几点：1、临床表现为单纯复发性血尿，2、光镜和免疫荧光正常，3、电镜下无电子致密物沉积，仅表现基底膜弥漫变薄：成人GBM厚度＜250nm，6－10岁儿童GBM厚度＜200nm，5岁以内GBM厚度＜150nm。本文结合文献复习对TBMD的诊断及鉴别诊断进行了探讨。     

肾小球薄基底膜病及遗传性肾炎的超微病理诊断

电镜检查在肾活检诊断中具有重要作用，它与常规组织学观察及免疫组化检查一起构成了各种肾小球疾病诊断的基础。本文重要介绍肾小球薄基底膜病和遗传性肾炎两种常见于学龄前儿童而又易被忽视的肾脏病，这两种遗传性肾小球病各有其病变特征和发病规律，其中电镜检查是诊断和鉴别诊断这两种肾脏病的最为重要的手段。     

苯那普利对糖尿病大鼠肾小球基底膜负电荷位点的影响

目的：探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂苯那普利（benezapril）对糖尿病大鼠肾小球基底膜负电荷位点的影响。方法：链脲佐菌素（STZ）腹腔注射诱发大鼠糖尿病模型，苯那普利灌胃，2周、12周取肾脏皮质组织，采用组织化电镜的方法，定量分析肾小球基底膜负电荷位点的变化。结果：糖尿病模型组大鼠肾小球基底膜的负电荷位点较对照组显著减少，苯那普利治疗组的肾小球基底膜负电荷位点较糖尿病模型组显著增多，与对照组相似。结论：苯那利对实验性糖尿病大鼠肾小球基底膜的负电荷位点有保护作用。     

激光诱导化学沉积三维加工技术

本文提出了激光诱导化学液相沉积快速成型技术(LCLD＆RP)。CO_2激光经扩束,聚焦到浸入化学镀液(室温)中的衬底上,使得衬底局域升温,并发生化学反应沉积出固体物质。通过激光束逐点层扫描并沉积出所想要的三维形状实体。并就激光化学液相沉积快速成型技术的可行性进行了讨论。     

用低温电子显微术研究E.coli SecA的三维结构

新生肽链在细胞质内合成之后要经过复杂的跨膜转运过程被运送到发挥功能的场所，如跨膜蛋白及胞间质蛋白。信号肽依赖性的蛋白转运通路（Sec途径）是原核生物中最主要的新生肽链转运系统。SecA蛋白是Sec系列蛋白中的核心组分，其转过程中的结构变化直接介导了新生肽链的跨膜转运。因此，获得SecA蛋白的结构信息及该结构在转运过程的变化对于我们理解SecA发挥活性的分子机制至关重要。     

Three-dimensional structure of intracellular membranous organelles in embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells in vitro revealed with scanning electron microscope

Using the freeze-polishing and osmium-maceration procedures, the ultrastructure of intracellular membranous organelles in embryonic chick skeletal muscle cells in vitro was investigated three-dimensionally with the scanning electron microscope (SEM). T-system tubules followed a tortuous course and possessed many warts. Some of these tubules could be traced to the sarcolemma. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) had elaborate structures of a hexagonal pattern. By comparing the SEM images with those of ultrathin sections of myotubes impregnated with ferritin particles, the distinction between the T-system and SR was confirmed. Late in the culture, these two intracellular membranous systems were arranged periodically at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the myotubes. Round-shaped mitochondria were often arranged in chains connected with slender rods. Long rod-shaped mitochondria exhibited occasional branchings.     

Fine structure of mitochondrial helical filaments revealed by computer image analyses

In order to clarify the fine structure of the helical filaments appearing in the outer compartment of the mitochondria, Sprague-Dawley strain male rats were given 30% ethanol in drinking water for 90 days. The hepatic tissues of these animals were fixed with perfusion of glutaraldehyde via the portal vein followed by immersion in OsO4 and were then routinely processed for preparation of thin sections. Transmission electron micrographs of the sections were used for computer image analyses of the intramitochondrial helical filaments. With the application of the image analysis, it was revealed that the helical filaments show a right-hand rotating helix of 4.3 nm in thickness, 13.2 nm in diameter of the helix, and 15.7 nm in pitch. Also, with the multivariate statistical analysis and classification method of the IMAGIC image processing system, it was suggested in the classified images that the helical filament has substructures of rod-shaped particles of 4.3 nm in diameter. These particles are considered to be connected to each other and forming the helical structure of the filament.     

小儿肾小球薄基膜病超微病理的研究

肾小球薄基膜病 ( TBMN)是临床常见的肾小球疾病 ,主要症状为反复发作性血尿 ,由于预后良好 ,故又称为良性血尿 ,又称孤立性血尿。血尿是小儿时期常见的肾小球疾病之一 ,临床常诊断为 Ig A肾病 ,因 TBMN的诊断主要依靠电镜 ,基底膜变薄是其特征性改变 ,故病理医生对该病应提高认识尤其要与早期的遗传性肾炎 ( AS)相鉴别 ,以免误诊。在我科 6 6 1例小儿肾活检中 ,9例诊断为 TBMN,占小儿肾活检的 1 .36 %。主要或单纯表现为血尿 (不包括紫癜性肾炎 )的 83例小儿肾活检中 ,9例为 TBMN,TBMN在血尿患儿的发生率为 1 0 .84%。我们对 83…     

Surface structure of nanocomposites based on silicon-carbon matrix revealed by scanning probe microscopy

The surface of amorphous films with silicon-carbon matrix containing platinum nanoparticles is studied by the methods of scanning probe microscopy. The image obtained by atomic force microscopy shows that the film surface has a random roughness with an average size of less than 1 nm, while the image obtained by scanning tunneling microscopy presents hemispherical formations tightly arranged with a diameter of several tens of nanometers and a height of several nanometers. It is assumed that particles of platinum are ordered in the synthesis of the films.     

Ultrastructural verification of anchoring role of lamina fibroreticularis of dental basement membrane in odontogenesis

In a previous study of the developing tooth a characteristic fibrillar layer associated with the basement membrane of the inner enamel epithelium was found to be a highly specialized lamina fibroreticularis of the basement membrane which is unusually rich in basotubules, 10 nm wide microfibril-like structures. In this study this layer was further examined in detail in the hope of ultrastructurally elucidating its role in odontogenesis. Tooth germs of the monkey (Macaca fuscata) were processed for thin section observations. Dental papilla cell processes were inserted into the lamina fibroreticularis and their surface was closely associated with numerous parallel basotubules. With high-resolution observations the space between the surface and nearest basotubules as well as the spaces between neighbouring basotubules were bridged by 1.5-3 nm wide filaments running perpendicular to the axis of basotubules. These results indicate that the processes of dental papilla cells are linked to groups of basotubules by means of 1.5-3 nm wide filaments. Immunoperoxidase staining showed the presence of fibronectin along basotubules as well as within the space between the process and basotubule. This result, together with the comparison of these filaments with microfibril-associated 1.2-3 nm wide fibronectin filaments and the reported abundance of fibronectin in the basement membrane area during odontogenesis, indicates that these 1.5-3 nm wide filaments are composed of fibronectin. After immunostaining for amyloid P component, done with the rat tissue because of the nature of an available antiserum, basotubules in the lamina fibroreticularis were positively stained, as has been shown in basotubules/microfibrils in other locations. Microfibrils function as anchoring rods by interlinking connective tissue components to one another and to the cells. Basotubules, thought to be basement membrane-incorporated microfibrils, in the lamina fibroreticularis in this study are also likely to function as an anchoring device to immobilize dental papilla cells along the basement membrane. Such an arrangement of mesenchymal cells is known to be crucial for the successful differentiation of odontoblasts in the developing tooth.     

AFM观察稳恒磁场对细胞表面精细结构的影响

利用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察稳恒磁场(SMF)处理后,悬浮生长细胞(K562人白血病细胞)、贴壁生长细胞(人结肠癌SW480细胞)、小鼠肝癌细胞Hepal-6和原代小鼠肝细胞表面精细结构的变化,以了解SMF杀伤肿瘤细胞的可能机制.观察结果显示:随曝磁时间延长,SMF可在肿瘤细胞表面造成不同程度损伤,主要表现为细胞膜上出现许多大小不一的凹陷,且凹陷数量和直径随着曝磁时间延长而增加.与MTT检测相比,AFM观察到的各类细胞表面损伤远早于细胞的生长抑制.实验观察显示,悬浮生长细胞比贴壁生长细胞对磁场处理更为敏感,小鼠肝癌细胞比肝细胞对磁处理更敏感.实验结果显示,AFM能够及早观察到细胞表面因SMF作用而产生的精细结构方面的变化.     

保存羊膜移植治疗眼部中度碱烧伤

目的:评价保存的人羊膜移植治疗眼部中度碱烧伤的效果.方法:选择本院住院的中度碱烧伤患者20例接受经甘油保存的人羊膜移植治疗.术后随访6个月.结果:19例患者术后恢复良好,术后视力均有不同程度提高.l例患者术后角膜进行性溶解,穿孔,行全层角膜移植术.结论:保存的人羊膜移植治疗眼部中度碱烧伤,能有效地重建眼表.     

急速冷冻冷冻置换方法保存的肾小球毛细血管袢的超微结构

目的：用急速冷冻－冷冻置换法与普通的9化学固定技术研究比较肾小球毛细血管袢在相同灌流压条件下的超微结构。方法：用150cmH2O压力灌流活体状态下大白鼠的肾脏,用急速冷冻－冷冻置换法及普通的化学固定法制作电镜超薄切片。结果：在相同的压力下用急速冷冻－冷冻置换法所观察到的肾小球毛细血管袢上皮细胞足突裂孔膜的宽度比普通的固定方法所观察到的窄,另外用急速冷冻－冷冻置换方法观察到的肾小球毛细血管袢的其它超微结构也与普通的化学固定方法所观察到的有所不同。结论：用急速冷冻－冷冻置换法所[观察到的超微结构比用普通的化学固定法观察到的超微结构更接近活体状态。     

基于树状结构的在岗员工三维知识评价

以企业员工知识的结构表示和定量评价为目的,建立知识树的加权评估模型(知识评价树)和知识空间的三维向量模型(知识评价空间)。通过全面分析企业员工知识素质各方面,从理论、技能、经验三个维度出发组建员工知识评价指标体系。最后结合实例验证,描绘如何使用这些模型和方法来定量评价企业员工的知识水平。