酶促酯化反应合成共轭亚油酸油脂的工艺优化研究

研究了无溶剂体系中脂肪酶催化共轭亚油酸(CLA)与甘油酯化反应制备共轭亚油酸油脂的影响因素。考察了酶量、体系水分、温度、时间等因素对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,适宜的工艺条件为:酶量1%、水分含量1%、温度60℃,在上述条件下反应24h,酯化率可达94.11%。通过筛筐旋转反应酶重复利用5次后酯化率仍达87.28%。研究了脂肪酶对共轭亚油酸异构体的底物选择性,结果表明,脂肪酶催化10,12-十八碳二烯酸酯化反应优于9,11-十八碳二烯酸。     

溶剂体系酶催化酸解反应合成富含共轭亚油酸油脂的研究

研究了溶剂体系中脂肪酶催化共轭亚油酸(CLA)与油脂酸解反应制备富含共轭亚油酸油脂的影响因素考察了温度、底物配比、酶量、体系水分、无机盐等因素对酯交换反应的影响结果表明,适宜的工艺条件是:水含量0.5％, 底物配比2:1,温度50℃,酶量200U/g油脂,在上述条件下反应12h,花生油中共轭亚油酸含量可达18％左右研究了溶剂体系中脂肪酶对共轭亚油酸异构体的底物选择性,结果表明,脂肪酶催化10,12-十八碳二烯酸酸解反应优于9,11-十八碳二烯酸酸     

酶法合成共轭亚油酸单甘酯的研究

采用脂肪酶G50(来源于Penicillium camembertii)作为生物催化剂,催化共轭亚油酸(CLA)和甘油酯化生成共轭亚油酸单甘酯(MAG)。研究了在无溶剂体系中,底物摩尔比、酶加量、体系含水量、反应温度和反应时间对产物中MAG含量和CLA酯化率的影响。结果表明,最佳反应条件为:底物摩尔比n(甘油)∶n(CLA)=4∶1,加酶量300U/g(基于反应底物总质量),体系含水量1%,反应温度15℃,反应时间24h。在最佳反应条件下,CLA的酯化率达到84.98%,MAG的含量为68.40%,共轭亚油酸双甘酯(DAG)含量为16.58%。通过分析产物的脂肪酸组成,发现Penicillium脂肪酶G50对CLA异构体没有拆分效果。     

Novozym435酶促催化合成共轭亚油酸植物甾醇酯

以脂肪酶Novozym435为催化剂,在有机溶剂中催化合成共轭亚油酸植物甾醇酯.筛选出的最佳溶剂为正丁醇.采用单因素结合正交试验的方法,以甾醇酯化率为考察指标,对反应温度、反应时间、醇油摩尔比以及酶添加量进行了参数优选.结果显示,醇油摩尔比及酶添加量对酯化率影响不显著,反应时间对酯化率有一定影响,反应温度对酯化率的影响极显著.最优条件为:反应温度55℃,醇油摩尔比1:1,酶添加量8%,反应时间48 h.在此条件下,进行了共轭亚油酸植物甾醇酯酶促催化制备,并以气相色谱及红外光谱法对纯化后产物进行了分析确证.     

超临界CO2状态下直接酯化法制备共轭亚油酸甘油酯

在超临界CO2状态下,采用脂肪酶催化共轭亚油酸(conjugated linoleic acid,CLA)与甘油反应制备共轭亚油酸甘油酯,分别应用单因素和正交试验考察分子筛添加量、酶用量、反应压力、温度和时间对CLA酯化率的影响。结果表明,最佳工艺条件为分子筛用量6%、酶用量4%、反应温度60℃、反应时间20h、反应压力11MPa,此条件下CLA的酯化率可达到90.98%。这种CLA甘油酯的脂肪酸组成中,9c,11t-CLA和10t,12c-CLA的含量分别为37.79%和41.66%。     

偏甘油酯脂肪酶Lipase G50催化酯化法制备甘油二酯

利用偏甘油酯脂肪酶Lipase G50催化甘油和脂肪酸酯化反应合成甘油二酯.探讨了酶加量、底物摩尔比、反应温度及加水量对酯化反应的影响.结果表明最佳反应条件为:脂肪酶Lipase G50加量为350 U/g,甘油和脂肪酸的摩尔比5∶1,加水量为底物总质量的5％,反应温度30℃,反应时间24h.在最佳反应条件下脂肪酸的酯化率为75.02％,甘油二酯的含量达到44.74％,产物中没有甘油三酯生成.     

酶法合成没食子酸叶黄素酯的研究

以叶黄素和没食子酸为原料,在脂肪酶Novozym435 的催化下,合成没食子酸叶黄素酯,并用IR 对其结构进行表征。研究脂肪酶催化叶黄素与没食子酸合成没食子酸叶黄素酯的影响因素,考察酶量、溶剂、体系水分、温度、时间等因素对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,适宜的工艺条件为酶用量10mg/mL、溶剂为氯仿、初始加水量60mg/g、温度40℃、反应时间30h,在上述条件下没食子酸转化率可达81.8%。     

酶法合成咖啡酸叶黄素酯的研究

以叶黄素和咖啡酸为原料,在脂肪酶Novo435的催化下,首次合成了咖啡酸叶黄素酯。研究了脂肪酶催化叶黄素与咖啡酸合成咖啡酸叶黄素酯的影响因素,考察了酶量、溶剂、体系水分、温度、时间等因素对酯化反应的影响。结果表明,适宜的工艺条件是:酶量10mg/mL,溶剂为氯仿,水含量10mg/g,温度40℃,反应时间24h,在上述条件下咖啡酸转化率可达88%。采用IR对目标产物的结构进行了表征。     

酶法合成高含量共轭亚油酸甘油酯

选用AB-8大孔弱极性树脂对脂肪酶进行固定化,固定化脂肪酶的活力为210U／g。用此固定化酶催化共轭亚油酸乙酯和大豆油合成富含共轭亚油酸（CLA）的改性大豆油,最佳反应条件为：底物摩尔比（n（CLA乙酯）：n（大豆油））1：0．33,酶加量21U／g,反应温度60℃。放大反应体系,对反应产物中的CLA含量进行检测分析表明,其含量可达37％。     

无溶剂体系酶法催化合成共轭亚油酸薄荷酯

在无溶剂体系中采用脂肪酶AY 30催化共轭亚油酸(CLA)和L-薄荷醇反应,合成共轭亚油酸薄荷酯。研究了酶用量、水用量、反应温度和反应时间对酯化率和产物共轭亚油酸薄荷酯组成的影响。结果表明:最佳酯化率的反应条件为酶用量2%,水用量8%,反应温度45℃,反应时间48h;产物中c9t,11-CLA含量最高时的反应条件为酶用量2%,水用量4%,反应温度40℃,反应时间12 h,在此条件下,产物中c9,t11-CLA含量可达86.32%。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press