超声波辅助水酶法提取油茶籽蛋白中五种酶的比较及响应面优化的工艺的研究

以油茶籽为原料,采用水酶法结合超声波预处理技术提取油茶籽蛋白,在此基础上比较得出五种酶对油茶籽蛋白提取率的影响。在单因素基础上通过正交实验选出最佳的超声参数,然后采用最优超声参数,在料水比1:6,酶解时间3.5h,加酶量0.02%。在最适pH和温度下,油茶籽蛋白提取率由高到低依次为:Kemzyme>ViscozymeL>Protex7L>Alcalase2.4L>Protex6L。在单因素实验基础上,采用响应面优化方法确定蛋白提取的最优条件,得到的最佳条件为:采用Kemzyme,料水比1:5,酶解时间3.24h,酶解温度68℃,pH7.28,加酶量0.048%,响应面最优值为20.42%。     

燕麦蛋白的制备工艺研究

为得到质量良好的纯化燕麦蛋白产品,采用碱酶两步法制备燕麦蛋白,通过正交试验优化工艺条件,利用凯氏定氮法进行蛋白质含量测定.在液料比、温度、pH、提取时间单因素试验的基础上,确立碱提最佳工艺条件为:温度40℃,液料比1:12(V:w),pH 9.6,提取时间30 min,在此条件下,蛋白质提取率46.73%,纯度69.75%.进一步用α-淀粉酶对燕麦蛋白进行纯化,最佳酶解条件为:加酶量60 U/g,pH 6.0,温度50℃,时间30 min,蛋白质提取率58.57%,纯度86.65%.     

响应面优化超声波辅助水酶法提取花生蛋白工艺

采用水酶法结合超声波预处理提取花生蛋白,在单因素实验基础上,选出最优的超声时间和超声温度,重点以酶用量、酶解pH、酶解温度、酶解时间和料液比为考察的影响因子,花生蛋白提取率为响应值。确定最优复合酶水解的水酶法提取花生蛋白工艺条件为：加酶量为1.59%,温度为56.5℃,酶解时间为3.9h,料水比为1∶4.4,pH为9.0,此时蛋白提取率为94.31%±0.37%。     

水酶法提取青稞蛋白工艺研究

以纤维素酶作为水解酶,采用水酶法从青稞米籽粒中提取蛋白质。通过单因素实验和正交实验,得到提取青稞蛋白的最佳条件,即料/水比1:5、加酶量0·2%、酶解时间14h、酶解温度45℃、酶解pH6·5。在最佳条件下青稞蛋白的提取率为69·3%。     

挤压膨化预处理水酶法提取大豆蛋白的工艺研究

采用水酶法结合挤压膨化预处理提取大豆蛋白,筛选5 种蛋白酶,确定选用碱性蛋白酶作为水解酶;得出碱性蛋白酶提取大豆蛋白的最佳条件：加酶量1.9%、酶解温度50℃、酶解时间200min、料水比1:4.6、酶解pH8.5,经过验证与对比实验可知在最优酶解工艺条件下总蛋白提取率可达到93.76%左右,比传统的湿热预处理后酶解的总蛋白提取率78.83% 提高了近15 个百分点。     

酶法辅助提取、纯化米糠蛋白工艺优化

旨在为米糠副产品的精深加工利用提供指导,利用碱性蛋白酶辅助碱溶酸沉法提取米糠蛋白,并进一步以纤维素酶纯化米糠蛋白,在单因素实验的基础上通过正交实验优化提取、纯化工艺条件。结果表明：米糠蛋白提取的最佳工艺条件为酶解pH 10.5、酶解温度50℃、料液比1∶10、酶解时间120 min、加酶量2.5%,在此条件下米糠蛋白提取率为75.2%;米糠蛋白纯化的最佳工艺条件为酶解温度50℃、酶解pH 5.0、酶解时间60 min、加酶量4%、料液比1∶10,在此条件下米糠蛋白纯度为81.6%,提取率为72.6%。采用此方法可以得到提取率和纯度均较高的米糠蛋白。     

挤压膨化预处理水酶法提取大豆油工艺的研究

采用挤压膨化预处理水酶法提取大豆油,对酶解工艺条件进行优化,得到适宜的酶解条件为:加酶量2%,酶解温度57℃,酶解时间3 h,料水比1:6.5,酶解pH 9.5.经验证与对比实验可知,在最优酶解工艺条件下大豆油提取率达到91.67%左右,比传统湿热预处理后酶解的提取率72.54%提高了19%左右.     

响应面试验优化中性蛋白酶辅助提取青稞淀粉工艺

采用中性蛋白酶辅助提取青稞淀粉,研究料液比、加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度和pH值对青稞淀粉中蛋白残留量的影响,选择加酶量、酶解时间、酶解温度为影响因素进行响应面优化试验。以淀粉蛋白残留量和淀粉提取率为评价指标,确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果表明,加酶量、酶解温度、酶解时间、加酶量与酶解温度的交互作用及加酶量与酶解时间的交互作用对淀粉蛋白残留量有极显著影响,而对淀粉提取率无显著影响。实验范围内得到的最佳提取工艺条件为加酶量140.79 U/g、酶解温度45.01 ℃、酶解时间2.57 h,在此条件下青稞淀粉的提取率为60.36%,淀粉蛋白残留量为1.31%。     

酶法提取燕麦蛋白及脱色工艺的研究

通过正交实验,确定了利用Alcalase从燕麦麸皮中提取燕麦蛋白及YD-303处理燕麦蛋白提取液脱色的工艺条件.结果表明,Alcalase提取燕麦蛋白的最佳条件为:加酶量(E/S)为3%,pH为8.5,料液比为1:22,温度为65 ℃,提取时间为180min.YD-303处理燕麦蛋白提取液脱色最优工艺为:添加量(g/mL)为1.5%.pH为3.5,温度为40℃,脱色时间为75min.     

碱法和超声辅助酶法分离燕麦淀粉的比较研究

比较碱法和超声辅助酶法两种不同的分离方法对燕麦淀粉的提取效果影响.结果表明,碱法最佳工艺条件为pH值为10、料液比1∶6(m∶V)、搅拌时间为90min,该条件下燕麦淀粉的提取率为85.62％.超声辅助酶法分离燕麦淀粉的最佳工艺条件为:酶添加量为1.0％、酶解温度为40℃、酶解时间1h,超声处理20min,酶解pH值为7.0,该务件下燕麦淀粉的提取率为88.91％.试验结果显示超声辅助酶法提取率高,反应时间短,节约能耗,环境污染少.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the