溶胶法涂覆碳化硅昌须的工艺研究

以Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３为原料用溶胶法成功地在ＳｉＣ晶须表面涂覆了一层厚２－１０ｎｍ的Ａｌ２Ｏ３结果表明，溶胶浓度，ＰＨ值，涂覆方式以及有机分散剂对涂覆效果有显著影响，涂覆使ＳｉＣ晶须的抗氧化能力明显增强，涂层与晶须结合较为牢固。     

SiC_w／Al_2O_3－（Ti，W）C复相陶瓷的微观结构及其力学性能

本文对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ和ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ的力学性能进行了分析对比，研究了热压工艺、ＳｉＣ晶须含量、晶须分散效果和晶须／基体的复合情况等对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ复相陶瓷力学性能的影响。从热膨胀系数失配角度分析和微观结构的观察证实，ＳｉＣ晶须及（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ固溶体对改善Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷力学性能的效果是显著的，ＳｉＣ_ｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３．（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ陶瓷材料的增韧机制主要是裂纹偏转和裂纹桥接。     

SiC_w／Al_2O_3－（Ti，W）C复相陶瓷的微观结构及其力学性能EI

本文对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ和ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ的力学性能进行了分析对比，研究了热压工艺、ＳｉＣ晶须含量、晶须分散效果和晶须／基体的复合情况等对Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ复相陶瓷力学性能的影响。从热膨胀系数失配角度分析和微观结构的观察证实，ＳｉＣ晶须及（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ固溶体对改善Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷力学性能的效果是显著的，ＳｉＣ_ｗ－Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３．（Ｔｉ，Ｗ）Ｃ陶瓷材料的增韧机制主要是裂纹偏转和裂纹桥接。     

Si及α－Al_2O_3超细粉对Al_2O_3－ZrO_2－C系材料显微结构的影

本文探讨了Ｓｉ及α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉对Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃ系材料显微结构的影响．认为在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃ系材料中同时加入Ｓｉ和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉，Ｓｉ粉除了与Ｃ生成了ＳｉＣ纤维外，其反应产物ＳｉＯ２还与α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉及ＺｒＯ２生成了莫来石（Ａ３Ｓ２）和Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２（ＡＺＳ）固溶体，这些新生成的矿物相对试样的显微结构产生重要的作用．     

碳化硅和氧化铝陶瓷的热等静压氮化

通过对无压烧结、热压烧结和热等静压烧结ＳＩＣ陶瓷以及热压烧结的ＳｉＣ粒子补强Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复相陶瓷（ＳｉＣｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）和ＳｉＣ粒子与ＳｉＣ晶须共同增强的Ａｌ２Ｏ３基复合材料（ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３）在氮气氛中进行高温氮化处理，成功地实现了这些材料的开口气孔表面裂纹的愈合。研究表明：热等静压氯化工艺可以显著提高ＳｉＣ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷的抗弯强度，对断裂韧性也有较大的改善作用。对于热等静压烧结ＳｉＣ陶瓷，在１８５０℃和２００ＭＰａ氮气压力下氯化处理１小时后，其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别由５８２ＭＰａ和５．７ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２提高到９０７ＭＰａ和８．４ＭＰａ·ｍ１／２；对于热压烧结的ＳｉＣｐ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复相陶瓷和ＳｉＣｐ－ＳｉＣｗ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３复合材料，在１７００℃和１５０ＭＰａ氮气压力下氮化处理１小时后，其室温抗弯强度分别由４６０和７０５ＭＰａ提高到８９５和１０３３ＭＰａ。     

Si及α—Al2O3超细粉对Al2O3—ZrO2—C系材料显微结构的影响

本文探讨了Ｓｉ及α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉对Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃ系材料显微结构的影响。认为在Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－Ｃ系材料中同时加入Ｓｉ和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉，Ｓｉ粉除了与Ｃ生成了ＳｉＣ纤维外，其反应产物ＳｉＯ２还与α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３超细粉及ＺｒＯ２生成了莫来石（Ａ３Ｓ２）和Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＯ２（ＡＺＳ）固溶体，这些新生成的矿物相对试样的显微结构产生重要的作用。     

碳化硅陶瓷及其复合材料的热等静压烧结研究

本文通过采用热等静压（ＨＩＰ）这一先进的烧结工艺，研究了Ａｌ２Ｏ３添加量对ＳｉＣ陶瓷之显微结构与力学性能的影响。并成功地制备出Ｓｉ３Ｎ４粒子以及ＳｉＣ晶须补强的ＳｉＣ基复合材料，结果表明：Ａｌ２Ｏ３是ＨＩＰ烧结ＳｉＣ陶瓷及其复合材料的有效添加剂，当添加３ｗｔ％Ａｌ２Ｏ３时，采用ＨＩＰ烧结工艺在１８５０℃温度和２００ＭＰａ压力下烧结１ｈ就可获得密度分别高达９７．３％、９９．４％和９７．０％的ＳｉＣ的     

SiC晶须增韧Al_2O_3陶瓷组成优化及其断裂行为的研究

对ＳｉＣ晶须增韧Ａｌ_２Ｏ_３陶瓷刀具材料的晶须配比进行了理论分析，提出了最佳晶须配比的原则，导出了晶须含量与界面最大剪应力对基体最大正应力比值的关系。采用ＳＥＭ和有限元法分析了该材料的断裂模式。结果表明晶须含量为２０～３０Ｖｏｌ％时增韧效果最佳，在此配比范围内的ＳｉＣ晶须增韧Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷材料的断裂过程为：晶须和基体界面拉伸开裂→晶须基体界面剪切分离→晶须或基体断裂。     

SiC晶须增韧Al2O3及ZrO2（Y2O3）基陶瓷复合材料的抗热震行为

采用三点弯曲及扫描电镜等方法研究了ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＳｉＣｗ／ＺｒＯ２）及ＳｉＣｗ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）陶瓷复合材料的抗热震性。结果表明ＳｉＣｗ的加入使Ａｌ２Ｏ３，ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）以及Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）基体的抗热震性显著提高，Ａｌ２Ｏ３陶瓷基复合材料的抗热震性明显优于ＺｒＯ２（Ｙ２Ｏ３）陶瓷基复合材料。同时发现在Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＳｉＣｗ材料基础上再加入少量ＺｒＯ２９２     

（Y－ZrO_2）－SiCw－Al_2O_3陶瓷复合材料的摩擦磨损

本文对Ａｌ２Ｏ３基陶瓷复合材料Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＺｒＯ２－ＳｉＣｗ进行了干摩擦磨损试验，并运用了ＳＥＭ，ＴＥＭ和ＸＲＤ等手段对其显微结构、力学性能及它们与ＧＣｒ１５钢对摩时的摩擦磨损行为进行了系统分析，在此基础上深入探讨了ＳｉＣ晶须（ＳｉＣｗ）增韧补强作用对复合材料的摩擦磨损性能的影响。     

Microstructure and growth mechanism of SiC whiskers on carbon/carbon composites prepared by CVD

The SiC whiskers of good quality are expected to act as the reinforcing element in the ceramic coatings for C/C composites. Using CH₃SiCl₃(MTS) and H₂ as the precursors, SiC whiskers were prepared on the surface of C/C composites by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at normal atmosphere pressure. XRD, SEM and TEM analyses show that the whiskers are β-SiC structure and their diameters are several-hundred nanometers. With the descending MTS concentration in the depositing room, the purity of the as-prepared whiskers increases and the diameters of the whiskers decrease. The investigation of growth mechanism shows the CVD-SiC whiskers grown up by the vapor–solid (VS) growth process.     

SiC 晶须表面成分和涂层对抗氧化性的影响

用 XPS、BET 和 EPR 方法对五种 SiC 晶须的表面成分、比表面、Si 悬挂键进行了测定。用TG-DTA 方法研究了表面涂层和未涂层的 SiC 晶须的抗氧化性能。结果表明:SiC 晶须的抗氧化性主要取决于起始表面氧含量;在表面涂覆 Al_2O_3,SiO_2和 Mullite 后,SiC 晶须无论是表面抗氧化性和体积抗氧化性均得到显著改善。表面抗氧化性的改善是由于涂层使 SiC 表面 Si 悬挂键减少,而体积抗氧化性改善是由于涂层增加了氧扩散阻力。     

Improvement of anti-oxidation properties of carbon fibers by SiC/SiO2 ceramic coating

To improve the anti-oxidation properties of carbon fibers (CFs), the sol-gel method followed by pyrolysis was used to coat CFs with SiC/SiO2 ceramic coatings. The SiO2 sol-gel coating was performed by dip coating a PAN(polyacrylonitrile)-based stabilized fiber (PSF) in a silica sol prepared by the polycondensation of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) in the presence of an acidic catalyst. The PSF coated with SiO2 sol then underwent heat treatments at high temperatures in an inert atmosphere to deposit the SiC/SiO2 and carbonize the deposited fibers. The surface morphology of the CFs deposited with SiC/SiO2 was characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The relative oxidation resistance of the SiC/SiO2 layer deposited on the CFs was determined by the weight loss due to the use of a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) under flowing air, and the data were used to calculate the activation energies through an Arrhenius plot.     

Characterization of plasma-sprayed and whisker-reinforced alumina coatings

We have strengthened plasma-sprayed alumina coatings by incorporating SiC or Si₃N₄ whiskers. As a result, we found that the whisker-reinforced coatings were greatly improved in properties such as thermal shock resistance and adhesion. Major features of the plasma-sprayed Al₂O₃–5.0 wt % Si₃N₄, coating were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and thermal radiation measurements.     

先驱体浸渍-裂解SiC界面改性涂层对气相渗硅3D-C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响

界面改性涂层对调节复合材料的力学性能起到重要作用。特别是在气相渗硅(GSI)制备C_f/SiC复合材料时,合适的界面改性涂层一方面保护C纤维不受Si反应侵蚀,另一方面调节C纤维和SiC基体的界面结合状况。通过在3D-C纤维预制件中制备先驱体浸渍-裂解(PIP)SiC涂层来进行界面改性,研究了PIP-SiC涂层对GSI C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:无涂层改性的GSI C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能较差,呈现脆性断裂特征,其弯曲强度、弯曲模量和断裂韧性分别为87.6 MPa、56.9GPa和2.1 MPa·m~(1/2)。具有PIP-SiC界面改性涂层的C_f/SiC复合材料力学性能得到改善,PIP-SiC涂层改性后,GSI C_f/SiC复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量和断裂韧性随着PIP-SiC周期数的增加而降低,PIP-SiC为1个周期制备的GSI C_f/SiC复合材料的力学性能最高,其弯曲强度、弯曲模量、断裂韧性分别为185.2 MPa、91.1GPa和5.5 MPa·m~(1/2)。PIP-SiC界面改性涂层的作用机制主要体现在载荷传递和"阻挡"Si的侵蚀2个方面。     

溶胶浸渗处理对EB-PVD 制备的YSZ电解质涂层的影响

为探索溶胶浸渗处理对电子束物理气相沉积(EB-PVD)制备8%摩尔比的氧化钇稳定氧化锆(8YSZ)涂层微观结构及性能的影响,采用EB-PVD工艺在沉积速率1μm/min的条件下制备了8YSZ电解质涂层.制备态涂层的断面表现为疏松的柱状晶结构,导致涂层的气密性差,因此对涂层进行了溶胶浸渗处理,即首先在负压下将涂层浸渗在钇锆的溶胶内,再进行550℃保温2 h的热处理.SEM分析表明,溶胶分解产物可以堵塞柱状晶间的孔隙,其渗入涂层的深度可达3μm.浸渗处理后,涂层的气体扩散系数由未处理态的6.78×10-5cm4/(N.s)降低至8次浸渗处理后的6.54×10-6cm4/(N.s).8次溶胶浸渗处理后涂层的电导率相比处理前提高不超过10%.     

Evaluation of the efficiency of TiB2 and TiC as protective coatings for SiC monofilament in titanium-based composites

The vigorous interfacial reactions in SiC/Ti-6Al-4V composites at elevated temperatures lead to the deterioration of the mechanical properties of the composites. TiB₂ and TiC were selected as potential protective coatings for SiC fibres in titanium-based composites. These coatings were deposited on to fibres by the chemical vapour deposition technique. Comparisons and evaluations have been made of the effectiveness of these ceramics as protective coatings for SiC fibres by incorporating the coated fibres into a Ti-6Al-4V matrix using the diffusion bonding method. Emphasis has been placed on the chemical compatibility of the candidate coating with SiC and Ti-6Al-4V by examining the interfaces of the fibre/coating/matrix using microscopic methods and chemical analysis. A stoichiometric TiB₂ coating was found to be stable with SiC and has proved an effective barrier to prevent the SiC fibre from reacting with the Ti-6Al-4V. The TiC coating showed no apparent reaction with a titanium-alloy matrix under the conditions studied, but was found to react with the SiC fibre substrate.     

Sol–gel alumina environmental barrier coatings for SiC grit

SiO₂ surface film is insufficient to protect SiC from the oxidation at widely varying partial pressures of oxygen, in particular in the presence of water vapor (e.g. in gas turbines) and also in other environments, e.g. during brazing for hard “tipping” of turbine blades. This work demonstrates that sol–gel alumina, coated on 0.5 mm coarse SiC grit, may form an acceptable, up to 10 μm thick “environmental barrier coating” EBC for some of these applications. The sol–gel has advantages over other methods (such as CVD) is the simplicity and low cost. We have used NH₄OH pre-treatment to hydroxylate surface of SiC prior to applying alumina coating. Such modified SiC/SiO₂ surface helped to deposit the positively charged alumina sol, and thus allowed to build thick coatings on the SiC grit. There is some indication that these coatings partially convert to mullite through reaction at the interface with the native silica on SiC. Oxidation resistance tests at 1200 °C were performed to show effectiveness of such coated SiC grit.     

The effects of SiC whiskers and an SiC film coating deposited by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) on a porous cordierite substrate

This study was performed with the goal of reducing environmental pollution caused by nano-particle materials. SiC whiskers were grown on a porous cordierite substrate to enhance its filtering efficiency, performance, and durability by controlling pore morphology. We investigated two different methods: SiC whisker growth (A) and SiC film coating after the SiC whisker growth (B). These experiments were performed using the chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process to grow the whiskers in the inner pore without closing it. After a 1 h deposition at 1200 °C, the compressive strength of the whiskered porous cordierite body increased from 24 MPa to 60 MPa (250%) in experiment (A) and to 82 MPa (342%) in experiment (B). The mean pore size was reduced after whisker growth (A) as well as after additional film coating (B). The adhesion strength between the whiskers and the cordierite substrate increased with the additional film coating (B). Consequently, the separation of whiskers from the substrate was minimized. N₂ gas was injected and a permeability change was observed which explains the separation of the whiskers from the substrate. This method makes the filtration of nano-sized particles feasible.     

Ni-P-(Ni/SiC)P镀层及其工艺条件的研究

为解决Ni-P-(SiC)P镀层中基体的金属键与增强体的共价键间相容性差,增强体颗粒易脱落,镀层性能降低等问题.采用简单的化学镀方法实现了(SiC)P表面修饰、改性,得到了涂覆型改性(Ni/SiC)P,以(Ni/SiC)P为第二相粒子制备了Ni-P-(Ni/SiC)P化学复合镀层,并初步分析了复合镀机理.实验结果表明:温度、pH值、搅拌速率及(Ni/SiC)P加入量对Ni-P-(Ni/SiC)P镀层的沉积速率及沉积量有较大的影响,本实验条件下的最佳温度为82~86℃;最佳pH值为4.2~4.6;最佳搅拌速率为200 r/mim;最佳粒子加入量10 g/L.SEM、EDS分析显示Ni-P-(Ni/SiC)P镀层均匀、致密,Ni、P、Si沉积量大,耐磨性实验证明Ni-P-(Ni/SiC)P化学复合镀层硬度、耐磨性优于常见的Ni-P、Ni-P-(SiC)P镀层.经表面修饰、改性后得到的(Ni/SiC)P可以进一步提高Ni-P-(SiC)P镀层的使用性能.