对-硝基苯甲酸甲酯的氟双相催化合成研究

用苯-二-[4-(十三氟正辛基)苯基]膦、二-(十三氟正辛基)重氮二羧酸酯作氟双相催化剂,在四氢呋喃(THF)中,由对-硝基苯甲酸和甲醇合成对-硝基苯甲酸甲酯。反应条件为：对-硝基苯甲酸0．14mmol,n(酸)：n(醇)：1．0：1．5,催化剂用量n(酸)：n(催化剂)=1．0：1．5,室温反应3．0h,产率94．0%,纯度99．7%(GC分析)。     

双（2-甲基氨基乙基）醚的制备及分离

在氮气保护下,加热N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和浓硫酸,使N,N-二甲基乙醇胺分子间脱水得到双（2-二甲基氨基乙基）醚。考察了反应时间、反应温度、浓硫酸的用量对产物收率的影响;最佳反应条件为：200-210℃,4～5h,物料摩尔投料比为：行（浓硫酸）：n（N,N-二甲基乙醇胺）-3．0：1．0。用新型分离装置对反应液进行分离后,经减压精馏得到双（2-二甲基氨基乙基）醚[w（双（2-二甲基氨基乙基）醚≥98％],其收率为55．6％（以N,N-二甲基乙醇胺）。     

苯磺酸催化合成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯

以苯磺酸为催化剂 ,实现了对硝基苯甲酸与乙醇反应合成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯。最佳反应条件 :以 0 .0 2 5 mol对硝基苯甲酸为准 ,n(对硝基苯甲酸 )∶ n(乙醇 ) =1∶ 4,催化剂用量为 1 .2 g反应 4h,反应温度 78～ 82°C,产率达 98.6 %。     

高压微波催化合成对硝基苯甲酸乙酯

以一水合硫酸氢钠为催化剂，利用高压微波技术，快速合成了对硝基苯甲酸乙酯。用正交试验研究了各反应因素对产品收率的影响，确定最佳反应条件为：以2．0g对硝基苯甲酸为准，醇酸物质的量比为4：1，催化剂用量为1．0g，微波时间为9min，微波功率为522w，产率达97．8％。     

月桂酸胺基乙醇酯的合成与表征

以月桂酸、N,N-二甲基乙醇胺和N,N-二乙基乙醇胺为原料,亚磷酸为催化剂,通过酯化反应合成月桂酸二甲胺基乙醇酯与月桂酸二乙胺基乙醇酯。月桂酸二甲胺基乙醇酯合成的较优条件为：月桂酸与N,N-二甲基乙醇胺的摩尔比为1∶1.5,催化剂用量0.2%,回流循环水温60℃,反应温度170℃,在此条件下转化率可达95.91%。月桂酸二乙胺基乙醇酯合成的较优条件为：月桂酸与N,N-二乙基乙醇胺的摩尔比为1∶1.25,催化剂用量0.2%,回流循环水温80℃,反应温度150℃,在此条件下,转化率可达98.65%。     

聚乙二醇800相转移催化合成N,N-二乙基苯胺的研究

用聚乙二醇800作相转移催化剂,在常压下由苯胺和溴乙烷合成了N,N-二乙基苯胺,研究了多种反应因素对目的产物产率的影响,提出了常压催化合成目的产物的最佳工艺条件是：n(苯胺)：n(溴乙烷)=1：1．50,催化剂用量0．40g,在40mL质量分数为50％的氢氧化钠溶液中,反应温度65℃,常压反应7h,产品收率71．5％。     

新型增塑剂对硝基苯甲酸长碳链醇酯的合成及表征

以对硝基苯甲酸( PNBA)、十二醇(LAC)、十四醇、十六醇和十八醇为原料,用浓硫酸催化,直接合成了系列新型增塑剂对硝基苯甲酸长碳链醇酯.通过熔点、红外光谱及核磁共振( 1H NMR)等方法对产物的结构进行了表征.并以对硝基苯甲酸十二醇酯合成为例,通过正交试验确定了最佳反应条件:n (PNBA):n (LAC)=1:2,反应时间t为8h,催化剂用量为1％,产率达95.35％.     

2 -甲基-2-乙基-1,3 -二硝基丙烷的合成研究

以哌啶为催化剂，以丁酮和硝基甲烷为原料，合成了2—甲基—2—乙基—1，3—二硝基丙烷。采用正交实验设计获得最佳反应条件，原料配比(摩尔比)：丁酮：硝基甲烷为1：3，催化剂用量3mL/0.15mol丁酮，搅拌时间17h，产物收率64．7％。     

无水AlCl3催化合成N-甲基-N-氰乙基苯胺

本文报道了以N-甲基苯胺和丙烯腈为原料，用无水AlCl3作催化剂，低温常压合成N-甲基-N-氰乙基苯胺的新工艺，研究了催化剂用量、反应温度、回流时间、原料配比等因素对合成反应的影响。在n（N-甲基苯胺）：n（丙烯腈）：n（AlCl3）=1：1．2：0．08、85％左右反应18h，用气相色谱检测，标题化合物的纯度高达97％，产率高于96％。     

邻硝基乙苯催化加氢制备邻乙基苯胺

研究了以邻硝基乙苯为原料，经催化加氢还原成邻乙基苯胺的过程：考察了不同催化剂，催化剂的用量，反应温度、氢气压，搅拌速度等对邻硝基乙苯加氢反应速度的影响。结果表明，采用催化剂Raney Ni，最佳的加氢工艺条件为：反应温度140℃、氢压3．0MPa、搅拌转速1300r/min、催化剂用量为1％，邻硝基乙苯加氢的转化率＞99．5％，产物邻乙基苯胺的纯度＞99．5％。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.