The CMD-2 cryogenic magnetic detector

The CMD-2 cryogenic magnetic detector used in a set of experiments on the VEPP-2M electron-positron collider at energies as great as 1.4 GeV is described. The design of the detector subsystems and the algorithms for reconstructing tracks in the drift chamber and the CsI and BGO calorimeters are presented. The spatial and energy resolutions of the detector systems have been determined from analysis of experimental data. The design of the superconducting solenoid and the layout of its powering by means of a superconducting transformer are shown. The trigger system of the detector and the conditions for recording “charged” and “neutral” events on a magnetic tape are described. The procedure used to monitor the parameters of the detector systems during the experiment is presented. Original Russian Text ? E.V. Anashkin, V.M. Aul’chenko, R.R. Akhmetshin, V.Sh. Banzarov, L.M. Barkov, S.E. Baru, N.S. Bashtovoi, D.V. Bondarev, A.E. Bondar’, A.V. Bragin, N.I. Gabyshev, D.A. Gorbachev, A.A. Grebenyuk, D.N. Grigor’ev, D.A. Epifanov, I.V. Zhuravkov, V.G. Zavarzin, A.S. Zaitsev, S.G. Zverev, F.V. Ignatov, V.F. Kazanin, S.V. Karpov, G.M. Kolachev, P.P. Krokovnyi, A.S. Kuz’min, I.B. Logashenko, P.A. Lukin, K.Yu. Mikhailov, V.A. Monich, M.A. Nikulin, A.B. Nomerotskii, V.S. Okhapkin, S.G. Pivovarov, A.S. Popov, T.A. Purlats, S.I. Redin, N.I. Root, A.A. Ruban, N.M. Ryskulov, A.L. Sibidanov, V.A. Sidorov, A.N. Skrinskii, V.P. Smakhtin, I.G. Snopkov, E.P. Solodov, P.Yu. Stepanov, A.I. Sukhanov, V.M. Titov, V.E. Fedorenko, G.V. Fedotovich, B.I. Khazin, A.G. Shamov, Yu.M. Shatunov, B.A. Shvarts, B.N. Shuvalov, D.V. Chernyak, S.I. Eidel’man, Yu.V. Yudin, 2006, published in Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, 2006, No. 6, pp. 63–79.     

A vertex microstrip detector of the SVD setup for experiments on the IHEP accelerator

A precision vertex microstrip detector has been developed for the spectrometer with a vertex detector (SVD) setup on which the properties of hadrons and short-lived unstable particles are investigated on the accelerator of the Institute for High Energy Physics. The structure and the design of the main detector components—microstrip sensors and an active target—are presented, as well as techniques for manufacturing them. The readout electronics, the data acquisition system, and its software are also described. The accuracy in determining the vertex position is 70–250 μm along the beam axis and 8–15 μm in a transverse direction at a throughput of 500–1000 events/s. Original Russian Text ? E.N. Ardashev, S.G. Basiladze, G.A. Bogdanova, M.V. Vasil’ev, V.Yu. Volkov, A.P. Vorob’ev, A.G. Voronin, S.N. Golovnya, S.A. Golubkov, S.A. Gorokhov, A.V. Gor’kov, Ya.V. Grishkevich, N.N. Egorov, V.B. Ezhov, P.F. Ermolov, E.G. Zverev, D.E. Karmanov, A.A. Kiryakov, Yu.F. Kozlov, V.A. Kramarenko, A.V. Kubarovskii, L.L. Kurchaninov, M.S. Levitskii, A.K. Leflat, S.I. Lyutov, V.Kh. Malyaev, M.M. Merkiv, A.A. Minaenko, G.Ya. Mitrofanov, V.V. Parakhin, V.S. Petrov, L.V. Pilavova, A.V. Pleskach, V.V. Popov, V.A. Sen’ko, A.I. Sidorov, M.M. Soldatov, L.A. Tikhonova, A.G. Kholodenko, Yu.P. Tsyupa, N.A. Shalanda, V.I. Yakimchuk, 2007, published in Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, 2007, No. 5, pp. 75–92.     

The Book Corner

Abstract

Capillary Electrophoresis Theory and Practice, Second Edition, P. Camilleri, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 1997, 552 pp., $129.95.

Handbook of Analytical Therapeutic Drug Monitoring and Toxicology, S. H. Y. Wong, I. Sunshine, eds., CRC Press, 1997, 354 pp., $79.95.

Basic HPLC and CE of Biomolecules, R. L. Cunico, K. M. Gooding, T. Wehr, Bay Bioanalytical Laboratory, Inc., Richmond, CA, 1998, 388 pp., $39.95.

Handbook of Chiral Chemicals, David J. Ager, ed., Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1999, 382 pp.     

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An X-ray Diffractometer with a Mobile Emitter-Detector System

An X-ray diffractometer with a mobile emitter-detector system is able to perform various X-ray examinations of a stationary sample. The design for this instrument is described, along with its operating principles and control programs. Owing to its high-precision angular movement sensors and its two detectors (one of these, a linear position-sensitive detector, has a working length of 100 mm and a resolution of <0.2 mm), the diffractometer can be used in both traditional and nontraditional experiments on X-ray reflection, scattering, and absorption. Results from using this instrument in reflectometry and X-ray tomography are presented as an example.__________Translated from Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, No. 3, 2005, pp. 99–107.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Asadchikov, Babak, Buzmakov, Dorokhin, Glagolev, Zanevskii, Zryuev, Krivonosov, Mamich, L. Moseiko, N. Moseiko, Mchedlishvili, Savel’ev, Senin, Smykov, Tudosi, Fateev, Chernenko, Cheremukhina, Cheremukhin, Chulichkov, Shilin, Shishkov.     

An instrument for measuring thermal characteristics of metals and alloys

An all-soldered instrument capable of measuring the density, surface tension, electron work function for metals or alloys, and wetting of solid surfaces under high static vacuum conditions has been designed and tested. Measurements of thermal characteristics of lithium samples have demonstrated a high reliability of the instrument. Original Russian Text ? B.B. Alchagirov, L.Kh. Afaunova, F.F. Dyshekova, T.M. Taova, R.Kh. Arkhestov, A.G. Mozgovoi, Z.A. Kokov, 2009, published in Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, 2009, No. 3, pp. 148–151.     

Huge clusters of embryonic stem cells in human embryos: A morphologic study

Background: Nothing is known about huge clusters (HC) of embryonic stem cells (ESC) in human fetal organs (HFO). Aim: To know the status of HC‐ESC in HFO. Methods: Morphology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in 32 HFO of 7–40 gestational weeks (GW). Results: HC‐ESC were seen in many HFO including central nervous system, spinal cords, spine, soft tissue, bone, skin, thyroid, lung, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, extrahepatic bile duct, adrenal, kidney, bladder, foregut, midgut, hindgut, female and male genital organs, and neurons. HC‐ESC's were composed of two populations depending on constituting cells. One were large cells with ample acidophilic cytoplasms with vesicular nuclei and nucleoli. The other were small cells with scant cytoplasm with hyperchromatic nuclei without nucleoli, resembling lymphocytes. The HC‐ESC were frequently showed neuronal differentiation. HC‐ESC were positive for NCAM, synaptophysin, NSE, chromogranin, PDGFRA, AFP, ErbB2, bcl‐2, KIT, MET. They were negative for CD45, CD3, CD20, EMA, CEA, CA19‐9, cytokeratin (CK) 7, CK8, CK18, CK19, MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC, and MUC6. The mean Ki‐67 labeling index (LI) was 13% ± 7%. HC‐ESC showed a little glycogen but lacked mucins. These HC‐ESC were seen in 7–25 GW, and they were rarely seen in 26–40 GW. Conclusions: The morphology, IHC, and ontogeny of HC‐ESC were described. Microsc. Res. Tech. 77:825–831, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Phase of acoustic impedance and performance of standing wave thermoacoustic coolers

Investigations on the relations between the phase angle of the acoustic impedance at the driver piston and the system performance of a standing wave thermoacoustic cooler were performed. The system performance measured at a fixed acoustic power showed that the coefficient of performance of the standing wave thermoacoustic cooler increases as the phase angle increases when the stack temperature span is relatively low. The results were consistent with the simulation results obtained from DELTAE, a computer code based on linear thermoacoustic theory. Analysis on the temperature profiles along the stack showed that the cooling efficiency (COP) of the system could be decreased or increased as the phase angle of the acoustic impedance at the driver piston changes depending on the stack temperature spans. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Yeon June Kang Insu Paek received the B.S. degree in Mechatronics Engineering from Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea, in 1997, the M.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin, USA, in 2000, and the Ph. D. degree in Mechanical Engineering from Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA, in 2005. He worked as a postdoctoral researcher in Purdue University and McGill University in 2006 and 2007. He is currently a faculty member in the Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea. His research interests include thermoacoustic cooling and power generation, solar heat driven absorption cooling., and wind power. Luc Mongeau received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in mechanical engineering from the University of Montreal, QC, Canada, in 1984 and 1986, respectively, and the Ph. D. degree in Acoustics from Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA, in 1990. He is currently a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada. He has published over 50 archival journal publications on various topics related to acoustics and noise control. His research activities are in the flow and turbomachinery noise areas, as well as in the areas of voice production, and thermoacoustic refrigeration. James E. Braun received the B.S. degree in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Massachusetts, USA, in 1976, and the M.S. and Ph. D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin, Madison, USA, in 1980 and 1988, respectively. He is currently a professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA. Professor Braun’s research combines the use of computer modeling, optimization, and experiments to study and improve the performance of thermal systems. He has published over 140 papers. Professor Braun is currently an associate editor for the international journal of HVAC&R Research. Shin You Kang received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in the Department of Mechanical Design from Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea, in 1982, and 1986, respectively. He then received the Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering at the same university in 1992. Professor Kang is currently a professor in the Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea. His research interests include mechanical structure design, crash analysis, optimal design, computational structure analysis and evaluation.     

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???????????????????????С???????????С????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????,?????к?????????????????????,???????????????,?????????????????????????????????????????Al???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????塣?????????SIMS??Al???????????????????????????????????     

The 5N neutral particle beamline of the U-70 accelerator (Institute for High Energy Physics)

The 5N neutral particle beamline at the U-70 accelerator (Institute for High Energy Physics), which has been designed to produce a high-intensity neutron beam with the highest possible energy, is described. The average neutron energy is ∼51 GeV, and the beam intensity is up to 10⁷ neutrons per spill. For several years, this beam has been used to investigate charmed particles and narrow baryon resonances in neutron-nucleus interactions and search for exotic multiquark states with the aid of the EXCHARM spectrometer. Original Russian Text A.N. Aleev, V.A. Arefiev, A.A. Aseev, Yu.G. Basha, V.P. Balandin, A.P. Bugorsky, T.S. Grigalashvili, B.N. Guskov, A.A. Zhuravlev, V.N. Zapolsky, A.I. Zinchenko, I.M. Ivanchenko, N.N. Karpenko, M.N. Kapishin, V.D. Kekelidze, D.A. Kirillov, I.G. Kosarev, N.A. Kuzmin, M.F. Likhachev, A.L. Ljubimov, D.T. Madigozhin, A.N. Maximov, N.A. Molokanova, A.N. Morozov, F.N. Novoskoltsev, Yu.K. Potrebenikov, Yu.P. Petukhov, V.E. Simonov, V.N. Spaskov, G.T. Tatishvili, P.Z. Hristov, I.P. Yudin (EXCHARM Collaboration), 2009, published in Pribory i Tekhnika Eksperimenta, 2009, No. 3, pp. 5–12.