双峰式显示管的特点及电路设计

双峰式显示管由一个小尺寸的后锥和一个较大的显示屏构成，后锥上附有两个装着电子枪的管经采用低熔点玻璃粉封接工艺制成一个完整的显示管。与常规的显示管相比，双峰式显示等可具有进深小，分辨率较高和畸变失真较小等一些良好的特性。     

基于介质上电润湿的透射式显示器件

提出了一种基于介质上电润湿效应的新型透射式显示单元结构,它由夹在带有透明电极的两块玻璃板间的有色油滴和水组成,其中一个电极表面涂覆有疏水性介质层．通过改变两个电极间的外加电势,能够调节油滴对介质层的覆盖面积,从而控制显示单元的“开”、“关”状态．制作了具有该种单元结构的4×3显示阵列样机,并给出了初步的测试结果．     

拼接显示系统的信号级联链路及通讯系统设计

介绍一种用于拼接显示系统的简洁廉价的信号级联及通讯系统的实现方法,通过DVI链路将拼接显示系统组成一个闭环,每一个单元均可将本地图像信息送入此闭环内,在设为主机的单元把控制指令嵌入到DVI数据链路内,控制指令通过图像的行数与单元编号一一对应的方法来进行识别,并通过DVI的一个辅助控制信号CTL区分图像与控制指令,并经抗抖动处理后传输给下一单元,以此确保图像信息与控制指令可以传递到所有单元,每个单元收到控制指令并处理后再将应答信息放置到与自己编号一致的行所对应的位置,最终通过级联链路返回到设为主机的单元,通过此方法可以将通讯系统与图像传输系统融为一体,可降低系统成本、简化布线并提升控制的实时性。     

新型荫罩式PDP单元结构的优化设计

本文讨论了新型荫罩式PDP单元结构的变化对放电的影响 ,从放电强度和放电效率的角度对单元结构进行优化设计。研究了取代介质障壁的荫罩的高度、宽度变化和荫罩内边界形状的变化对放电的影响 ,给出了不同结构下平均粒子浓度随时间的变化曲线和放电效率的变化趋势。模拟结果表明荫罩边界为内斜式的结构在响应时间、峰值浓度和放电效率上都具有较大优势 ,是一种较好的单元结构     

新型SMPDP菱形单元结构的研究

为了提高等离子体显示单元的亮度和放电效率,本文采用三维流体模型对新型荫罩式等离子体显示板(SMPDP)的菱形单元结构进行了优化。研究了放电单元中的荫罩小孔结构改变对寻址期和维持期放电的影响。详细分析了小孔取向平行寻址电极和垂直寻址电极条件下电场和壁电荷的分布,以及对寻址时间、真空紫外辐射量和放电效率的影响。模拟结果表明:当小孔垂直寻址电极、长度和宽度分别为240μm和120μm时为最佳结构,通过优化小孔结构可以获得较高的寻址速度和放电效率,又可保证荧光粉的涂覆面积。     

半透膜阵列式平板显示设计

微型化、轻型化的穿透式平板显示是近年来穿透式头盔显示的主要发展方向.本文针对传统的45°倾角半透膜阵列式平板显示的鬼像产生问题进行分析,提出了一种改进型的平板显示结构.通过减小膜层倾角,不仅使得各视场光线在波导中的倾角增加从而保证出瞳扩展,而且改变了产生鬼像光线的传播路径.同时,采用有膜层和无膜层的双层波导结构以及特定的尺寸限制,有效地约束鬼像产生的条件.根据分析计算,设计了一种膜层倾角为24°的系统结构,实现了水平和垂直方向的二维扩展,以及20°水平视场和13.4°垂直视场的显示输出.     

加油锥套远距图像的Hough-LS快速检测

在视觉辅助软管式空中加油系统中,如何在实时图像序列中将加油锥套从复杂背景环境中快速分离出来,对锥套进行快速检测与识别,是一个亟需解决的问题。论文针对加油锥套远距图像目标检测与定位问题,提出了一种基于形状信息的Hough-LS两级锥套目标检测与定位方法。文中首先采用快速霍夫梯度法(FHGM)进行加油锥套预检测,而后利用中心八向搜索法进行锥套边缘提取,最后基于最小二乘椭圆拟合实现加油锥套远距图像目标区域精确定位。实验结果表明,本文可对远距(7～25 m)时的加油锥套图像快速进行识别处理,并将锥套目标定位到精确的区域边界。     

无机薄膜电致发光显示的研究进展

薄膜电致发光显示是主要的平板显示技术之一。本文综述了近年来这一领域在电致发光的物理过程、材料及器件方面的研究进展,并着重讨论了提高蓝光亮度的各种方案。     

索强化剪式铰机构力学性能研究

剪式铰机构的开合过程易于控制,为可展结构的一个重要分支。基于剪式铰的可展结构展开成形后,由于剪式铰单元杆件间的相对转动特性使得结构刚度较低,在受力时表现出较强的几何非线性。为增强基于剪式铰的可展结构的刚度,该文采用索来强化剪式铰机构。该文推导了规则的索强化剪式铰单元的轴向刚度和抗弯刚度计算公式,揭示了索强化剪式铰单元承载能力和单元组成构件的相关关系,给出了有限质点法计算框架下的索强化剪式铰机构的计算分析方法,并对一个典型索强化剪式铰拱的受力性能和断索行为进行了分析。研究结果表明:索强化后的剪式铰机构在不影响机构可展性的同时提高了机构的刚度和承载能力。     

新型高亮度、高分辨率双束电子光学系统

由三基色显示管投影来实现大屏幕显示仍是首选方案，为了提高投影质量，缓解亮度与分辨率间的矛盾，采取了三项主要措施：1、采用双束扫描荧光屏；2、在发射系统采用层流枪的优点；3、采用电阻螺旋线形成的多极透镜与外磁透镜相配合作为主聚焦结构。     

High-speed ultrasound volumetric imaging system. II. Parallel processing and image display

For pt.I see ibid., vol.38, no.2, p.100-8 (1991). The authors describe the design, application, and evaluation of parallel processing to the high-speed volumetric ultrasound imaging system. The scanner produces images analogous to an optical camera or the human eye and supplies more information than conventional sonograms. Potential medical applications include improved anatomic visualization, tumor localization, and better assessment of cardiac function. The system uses pulse-echo phased array principles to steer a 2-D array transducer of 289 elements in a pyramidal scan format. Parallel processing in the receive mode produces 4992 scan lines at a rate of approximately 8 frames/s. Echo data for the scanned volume is presented online as projection images with depth perspective, stereoscopic pairs, or multiple tomographic images. The authors also describe the techniques developed for the online display of volumetric images on a conventional CRT oscilloscope and show preliminary volumetric images for each display mode.     

光电平板显示屏电子源的研制

光电平板显示屏对电子源发射均匀性的要求较高，而Cs3Sb的常规工艺不能满足要求，本文报告了制备均匀性较好的Cs3Sb电子源的基本过程和其光电特性的测试结果，目前，电子源的光电流还较小，但Cs3Sb膜的厚度均匀。经过微通道板的电流放大以及操作工艺的改进，预计该电子源可以在光电平板显示屏中使用。     

Influence of luminance and resolution on the perceived quality of black-and-white images on soft displays

Abstract

The perceived quality of an image displayed on a computer monitor depends on a number of different factors that can affect viewers' preferences. Two of these are the luminance of the monitor display and the resolution of the image. The effect of luminance is of interest for applications such as on-line access of images where the computer displays used for viewing these images could have different luminance settings. A relationship between cathode-ray tube (CRT) display luminance and resolution has been shown in previous studies. It was therefore interesting to investigate whether there is a relationship between image resolution and CRT display luminance on perceived image quality. Image resolution is related to the image file size, which is an important factor for applications such as on-line access of images. This work used a CRT display to study the effect of the above-mentioned factors on the perceived quality of the displayed image. Three sets of black-and-white images, each set with a different resolution, were presented to observers at three brightness settings of the computer monitor. Results are discussed regarding the effect of monitor display luminance and image resolution on perceived image quality and the interaction between them. Evaluation of results is further extended to the influence of the different backgrounds of the images. The scene content of the images was also shown to affect the viewers' judgement.     

Assessment of a CRT Display System

The use of cathode ray tube (CRT) monitors and graphics cards for the display of pictorial images is common. Certain applications require the characteristics of the display device or medium to be accurately understood. One such application is the use of CRT based displays in experiments involving subjective analysis of viewed images. In this paper we describe a series of experiments performed to characterize a display device used in our laboratories prior to its use in a subjective assessment experiment. The tone reproduction characteristics are studied using transfer functions and gamma. Colour reproduction is studied in temporal and spatial dimensions. Finally, spatial effects are characterized by use of modulation transfer function (MTF) analysis.     

Characterizing polarization management in a p-HMPD system

It has been a common challenge to operate optical see-through head-mounted displays in well-lit environments due to the low image brightness and contrast compared with the direct view of a real-world scene. This problem is aggravated in the design of a see-through head-mounted projection display (HMPD) in which the projected light is split twice by a beam splitter and further attenuated greatly by a retroreflective screen. A polarizing head-mounted projection display (p-HMPD) design was recently proposed to enhance the overall flux transfer efficiency and thus increase the brightness and contrast of displayed images. Different from the conventional nonpolarizing HMPD designs, the light polarization states in the p-HMPD system are deliberately manipulated to maximize the flux transfer efficiency, which can potentially result in three times higher efficiency than that of a nonpolarizing HMPD. By measuring the Mueller matrices of the major elements in both a p-HMPD and a nonpolarizing HMPD, we characterize the polarization dependence of each element on incident angles and wavelengths, and also investigate the depolarization effect of the retroreflective screen. Based on these experimental results, we further examine the overall luminance efficiencies of the two types of systems and analyze how various aspects of display performances are affected by the angular and chromatic dependence of the polarization components.     

智能化激光显示系统的设计与研究

研制了一套由激光器,图形输入仪,控制计算机,驱动器,光学工作台及大屏幕等六个部分构成的激光显示系统。理论研究得出,大屏幕所显示图形上的任意点P,均存在一与之对应的振镜偏转角确定值,精确控制振镜的偏转角即可扫描到P点。实验表明,系统可成功实现诸如函数图形、光栅衍射图案、光网光柱及文字动画等多功能智能化激光视频图像的动态输出。     

有限元法在42英寸多枪彩色显像管玻壳设计中的应用

由于多电子枪显象管玻壳是一个变厚度组合壳体 ,很难用板壳经典理论进行求解 ,所以在设计九电子枪彩管玻壳时用有限元方法预先知道该玻壳的应力分布。通过修改设计参数 ,使九电子枪彩管玻壳能满足强度要求。在设计玻屏时采用非均匀有理B样条的曲面分析方法 ,锥体采用四条组合的非均匀有理B样条曲线旋转一周得到。本设计实现了玻屏表面外形和曲率变化及玻壳结构设计的全参数化 ,提高了玻壳的设计效率。本文还给出了计算玻壳外型的公式和一些技术参数。计算机仿真结果表明 :4 2英寸九电子枪彩色无支撑CRT的玻壳既能满足强度要求 ,又具有好的视觉效果     

Increments and decrements in color constancy

The present study examines whether increment-decrement asymmetries reported in a number of recent center-surround situations occur in more complex images as well. Subjects saw the CRT simulation of a whole uniformly illuminated array of foreground surfaces presented against a large background surface and, for a number of different viewing contexts, made achromatic settings over a wide range of luminance values. Three results emerged. First, subjects' achromatic loci did not fall on a single straight line in color space but rather fell on two separate lines intersecting at some point in this space. Second, the intersection points were not identical to but dependent largely on background color and showed only small effects of foreground colors. Third, cone signals that were decremental relative to the intersection point were more responsive to illuminant changes than cone signals that were incremental, the latter additionally showing some variation with foreground colors. The results are interpreted in terms of increment-decrement asymmetries. They suggest that these asymmetries occur in more complex images as well.     

微显示背投电视的技术和市场新进展

背投影电视机是现代电视技术、光学技术和新材料技术结合的产物，其显示系统可采用CRT（阴极射线管）、PDP（等离子显示器）、LCD（液晶显示器）、DLP（数字光处理器）和LCoS（硅基液晶）等显示技术，后三种又称微显示技术，因为采用的是微型的显示器和电子元件，因而大大降低功耗和生产成本，减小体积和厚度。而且微显示背投影电视机图像较CRT背投亮度强，清晰度高，屏幕可以做大，寿命长，综合性能明显优越，极有发展前途。本文对此进行综述和分析。     

Colorimetry for CRT displays

We analyze the sources of error in specifying color in CRT displays. These include errors inherent in the use of the color matching functions of the CIE 1931 standard observer when only colorimetric, not radiometric, calibrations are available. We provide transformation coefficients that prove to correct the deficiencies of this observer very well. We consider four different candidate sets of cone sensitivities. Some of these differ substantially; variation among candidate cone sensitivities exceeds the variation among phosphors. Finally, the effects of the recognized forms of observer variation on the visual responses (cone excitations or cone contrasts) generated by CRT stimuli are investigated and quantitatively specified. Cone pigment polymorphism gives rise to variation of a few per cent in relative excitation by the different phosphors--a variation larger than the errors ensuing from the adoption of the CIE standard observer, though smaller than the differences between some candidate cone sensitivities. Macular pigmentation has a larger influence, affecting mainly responses to the blue phosphor. The estimated combined effect of all sources of observer variation is comparable in magnitude with the largest differences between competing cone sensitivity estimates but is not enough to disrupt very seriously the relation between the L and M cone weights and the isoluminance settings of individual observers. It is also comparable with typical instrumental colorimetric errors, but we discuss these only briefly.