大容量锅炉炉膛对流换热与水冷壁壁温计算

以某台1 000MW超超临界塔式锅炉作为研究对象,采用区域法建立了二维小区换热模型,简化了炉内辐射换热与对流换热,对不同锅炉负荷下对流换热量占炉膛高度方向各分区换热量、炉膛总换热量的比例以及沿炉膛宽度方向水冷壁壁温的分布进行了研究,并与实测数据进行了比较.结果表明:水冷壁壁温计算值与试验值的最大偏差率为5.26%,均呈现中间高、两端低的分布趋势;对流换热量最多可使壁温计算值提高16.7K,计算精度提高3.30%;计算所得的水冷壁壁温最高值为523.5℃,未超出材料的允许温度,且有4.8%的安全裕度.     

600MW超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁热应力分析

为研究超临界循环流化床锅炉水冷壁的变形问题,在实炉测量某600 MW超临界循环流化床锅炉炉膛水冷壁壁温分布的基础上,采用数值模拟方法对距离布风板30m高度处4.6m×2m区域的水冷壁管进行了热应力分析。结果表明:80%负荷工况下,距离布风板30m高度处区域的水冷壁管沿炉膛高度方向的温度变化率较大,热应力分布极不均匀;计算区域的水冷壁管整体向下膨胀,由于存在膨胀偏差,水冷壁向火侧向炉内凸起变形,最大变形量约1.14mm;对于整个水冷壁管屏而言,存在的变形量叠加会加剧水冷壁磨损,甚至造成爆管事故。     

1000MW超超临界锅炉水冷壁壁温计算

采用分区计算简化大容量高参数超超临界锅炉炉内辐射、对流传热模型,研究炉膛水冷壁热负荷及壁温的空间分布情况,并与试验数据进行了对比,计算结果与试验值之间的偏差较小,最大为5.72%.该模型与算法可给出不同锅炉负荷条件下,水冷壁壁面热负荷与壁温沿炉膛宽度方向的分布规律.结果表明,水冷壁热负荷与壁温均呈现出中间高两端低的弧形分布.四角切圆燃烧锅炉火焰位置对炉内传热有很大影响.模拟计算可为超超临界锅炉的运行提供参考,预测了在材料允许温度范围内,火焰中心偏斜最大不超过2 m.     

600MW超临界锅炉机组螺旋管圈水冷壁管壁温度

超临界锅炉水冷壁尤其是燃烧器区水冷壁的温度场计算对水冷壁的安全运行有重要意义。本文采用分区段热力计算方法计算了向火侧的热流密度。依据水冷壁入口和出口工质的实际温度和压力确定了管内工质温度及管内的对流换热系数。基于有限元法对某电厂600MW发电机组锅炉在100％BMCR工况条件下螺旋管圈水冷壁温度场进行了分析计算。     

600MW锅炉水冷壁温度场计算边界条件的确定

以上海石洞口第二发电厂引进的由瑞士SULZER和美国CE公司联合设计的600MW超临界变压运行直流锅炉为研究对象,消化吸收引进技术,确定了600MW超临界压力锅炉水冷壁温度场计算中的外边界条件,并与内边界条件研究（倾斜管及垂直管管内传热特性研究）相结合,找到了进行600MW超临界压力锅炉水冷壁温度场计算的新方法。     

超临界直流锅炉螺旋管圈水冷壁流量分配及壁温计算

根据回路和节点所遵守的质量守恒、动量守恒和能量守恒方程,建立了计算螺旋管圈水冷壁流量和壁温的数学模型.在此基础上,对1台350 MW超临界燃煤锅炉在不同负荷下的水冷壁流量分配及壁温分布进行了计算.结果表明:在锅炉最大连续蒸发量(BMCR)、75%BMCR及30%BMCR负荷下,螺旋管圈水冷壁的流量偏差不超过±6%,工质出口温差不超过10 K,流量偏差和热偏差均较小;各负荷下管壁温度均处于管子的许用温度范围之内,锅炉运行安全可靠.     

1000 MW超超临界塔式锅炉水冷壁水动力特性计算及壁温分布研究

针对某电厂1 000 MW超超临界塔式锅炉结构特点,采用流动网络系统,根据质量、动量、能量守恒方程,建立了适用于超超临界塔式锅炉水冷壁水动力计算的模型。水动力计算结果得到：某电厂1 000 MW超超临界塔式锅炉在1 000 MW负荷、750 MW负荷和400 MW负荷下,压降计算结果与实炉数据吻合,并且,程序计算得到的上下炉膛出口汽温与某电厂实际运行数据整体上也比较符合。计算结果表明：下炉膛和上炉膛的水冷壁内壁温度、外壁温度、中间点壁温与鳍片温度均处于材料许用范围之内,水冷壁运行是安全可靠的。并对锅炉在400 MW低负荷运行时的流动稳定特性进行了计算校核,校核计算表明：在400 MW负荷下,流动处于稳定区,水冷壁不会发生流动不稳定性。     

超超临界直流锅炉垂直管屏水冷壁壁温分布特性

以燃用高钠煤的660MW超超临界压力直流锅炉为例,对不同工况下垂直管屏水冷壁壁温分布特性进行了试验研究.结果表明:提高高钠煤的掺烧比例,可降低燃烧区域热负荷,有利于水冷壁壁温分布的均匀性;超临界压力下低负荷运行时,水冷壁壁温偏差值会增大,节流孔圈未完全发挥控制工质质量流量的作用是造成水冷壁壁温偏差较大的原因之一;通过调整锅炉运行方式,可在一定程度上改善水冷壁壁温分布的均匀性.     

600MW锅炉水冷壁温度场计算外边界条件的确定

以上海石洞口第二发电厂引进的由瑞士SULZER和美国CE公司联合设计的600MW超临界变压运行直流锅炉为研究对象,消化吸收引进技术,确定了600MW超临界压力锅炉水冷壁温度场计算中的外边界条件,并与内边界条件研究(倾斜管及垂直管管内传热特性研究)相结合,找到了进行600MW超临界压力锅炉水冷壁温度场计算的新方法.     

超临界W锅炉启动阶段水冷壁壁温特性分析

对某超临界W锅炉启动过程中水冷壁壁温特性进行了分析,研究结果表明锅炉下部水冷壁壁温随着负荷的增加而增加,在转直流负荷至380 MW负荷段壁温有一个突升的过程,但一般不出现水冷壁管壁超温现象.沿炉膛高度方向上,上部垂直水冷壁壁温偏差比下部大,W锅炉在直流负荷以上运行时更应注意上部水冷壁的壁温偏差情况,控制水煤比,尤其是控...     

Heat flux distribution on circulating fluidized bed boiler water wall

The future of circulating fluidized bed (CFB) combustion technology is in raising the steam parameters to supercritical levels. Understanding the heat flux distribution on the water wall is one of the most important issues in the design and operation of supercritical pressure CFB boilers. In the present paper, the finite element analysis (FEA) method is adopted to predict the heat transfer coefficient as well as the heat flux of the membrane wall and the results are validated by direct measurement of the temperature around the tube. Studies on the horizontal heat flux distribution were conducted in three CFB boilers with different furnace size, tube dimension and water temperature. The results are useful in supercritical pressure CFB boiler design. __________ Translated from Journal of Power Engineering, 2007, 27(3): 336–340 [译自: 动力工程]     

空调房间外墙温度响应的影响因素分析

本文应用有限差分法离散一维变物性非稳态导热方程进行编程,对墙体在不同辐射条件,湿度为30%和70%两种情况下,以及外壁风速在1m/s和3m/s情况下的非稳态导热过程进行计算,得出墙体在不同情况下的温度分布。通过对温度分布和不同截面位置温度达到一天内的峰值时间相对外壁面温度达到一天内的峰值响应时间加以分析,得出了迟滞时间与所在位置的函数关系式。同时对空气湿度变化和外壁面风速改变对墙体导热过程带来的影响进行了分析。     

某410t/h锅炉水冷壁爆管的分析及对策

燃煤锅炉水冷壁爆管严重影响锅炉的运行,严重的爆管直接导致锅炉灭火.本文通过对某锅炉的运行分析,了解了水冷壁爆管的主要和次要因素,并提出一些可以解决的办法.     

电站锅炉汽包壁温差的控制及预防

通过实践经验总结、分析了锅炉汽包壁温差产生的原因，指出了汽包壁温差大的危害，提出了电站锅炉汽包壁温差在运行中的控制及预防措施。     

Numerical analysis of flow instability in the water wall of a supercritical CFB boiler with annular furnace

In order to expand the study on flow instability of supercritical circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler, a new numerical computational model considering the heat storage of the tube wall metal was presented in this paper. The lumped parameter method was proposed for wall temperature calculation and the single channel model was adopted for the analysis of flow instability. Based on the time-domain method, a new numerical computational program suitable for the analysis of flow instability in the water wall of supercritical CFB boiler with annular furnace was established. To verify the code, calculation results were respectively compared with data of commercial software. According to the comparisons, the new code was proved to be reasonable and accurate for practical engineering application in analysis of flow instability. Based on the new program, the flow instability of supercritical CFB boiler with annular furnace was simulated by time-domain method. When 1.2 times heat load disturbance was applied on the loop, results showed that the inlet flow rate, outlet flow rate and wall temperature fluctuated with time eventually remained at constant values, suggesting that the hydrodynamic flow was stable. The results also showed that in the case of considering the heat storage, the flow in the water wall is easier to return to stable state than without considering heat storage.     

燃贫煤100MW机组锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的原因分析预防对策

本文介绍了某电厂燃用贫煤的100MW机组锅炉水冷壁高温腐蚀的情况。分析了产生水冷壁高温腐蚀的原因，并根据电厂的实际情况，确定了从炉内燃烧方面解决这一问题的技术措施，说明了拟采用具体技术路线。     

Exergy transfer characteristics of forced convective heat transfer through a duct with constant wall temperature

The exergy transfer characteristics of fluid flow and heat transfer inside a circular duct under fully developed laminar and turbulent forced convection are presented. Temperature is kept constant at the duct wall. The exergy transfer Nusselt number is put forward and the analytical expressions for exergy transfer Nusselt number are obtained as functions of heat transfer Nusselt number, Reynolds number, Prandtl number, etc. The variations of the local and mean convective exergy transfer coefficient, non-dimensional exergy flux, exergy transfer rate, etc. with operating parameters are presented graphically. By reference to a smooth duct and taking air as working fluid, a numerical analysis of the influence of the Reynolds number and non-dimensional cross-sectional position on exergy transfer characteristics has been conducted. The results show that the process parameters and configuration in the fluid flow and heat transfer inside a duct should be properly selected so that the forced convection process could have the best exergy utilization. In addition, the results corresponding to the exergy transfer and energy transfer are compared.     

A simple method for predicting bulk temperature from tube wall temperature with uniform outside wall heat flux

An empirical approach is proposed to estimate the bulk temperature in practical laminar tube flow. To examine the correlation, heat transfer in different types of tubes with wall conduction and uniform constant heat flux at tube outer wall surface is numerically investigated. The predictions from the proposed correlation match well with the numerical results in all the cases studied for air flow in the Pe range from 105 to 1032 and for water flow in the Pe range from 70 to 700. The method is further testified via comparison with experimental data and numerical results of mini (micro)-channel water flow available in literature.     

Experimental analysis of the effects of porous wall on flame stability and temperature distribution in a premixed natural gas/air combustion

In the present analysis, the flame stabilization and temperature distribution within a premixed burner contain porous wall are studied experimentally. The effects of inner diameter, length, and pore density of the porous wall, thermal load, equivalence ratio, and the inlet velocity of the fuel‐air mixture on these are studied. The fuel used in this study is natural gas and the porous wall is SiC (silicon carbide) ceramic foam. The experimental results clearly indicate that the axial temperature along the porous wall increases when the inner diameter of the porous wall decreases and its length increases. The porous wall temperature with an inner diameter of 40 mm, length of 66 mm, and pore density of 30 PPI (pores per inch) has the highest temperature among the examined states. The results of studying the effect of the porous wall on flame stability show that the flame stability limit has a direct relationship with the length and pore density of porous wall and an inverse relationship with the inner diameter of the porous wall. Also, it is found that the porous wall has the highest temperature causes the maximum flame stability limit.