Effect of strain hardening and strain softening on welding distortion and residual stress of A7N01-T4 aluminum alloy by simulation analysis

The effect of strain hardening and strain softening behavior of flow stress changing with temperature on welding residual stress,plastic strain and welding distortion of A7N01-T4 aluminum alloy was studied by finite simulation method.The simulation results show that the weld seam undergoes strain hardening in the temperature range of 180-250 ℃,however,it exhibits strain softening at temperature above 250 ℃ during welding heating and cooling process.As a result,the strain hardening and strain softening effec...     

The dislocation sub-structure evolution during hot compressive deformation of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy at 800 °C

Hot compressive behaviors of Ti-6Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V alloy at 800 °C, as well as the evolution of microstructure during deformation process, were investigated. The experimental results show that flow stress increases to a peak stress followed by a decease with increasing strain, and finally forms a stable stage. Dislocations are generated at the interface of α/β phase, and the phase interface and dislocation loops play an important role in impeding the movement of dislocation. As strain increasing, micro-deformation bands with high-density dislocation are formed, and dynamic recrystallizaton occurs finally. XRD Fourier analysis reveals that dislocation density increases followed by a decrease during compressive deformation, and falls into the range from 10¹⁰ to 10¹¹ cm⁻².     

The Deformation Behavior of TiNi Shape Memory Alloy under Axial Dynamic Compression

The deformation behavior of Ti-50.9at% Ni shape memory alloy under axial compression dynamic loads was investigated by an MTS 858Miru Bionic test machine. The alloy were aged at 500℃ for an hour before being machined into specimens. The compression experiments were conducted at 20℃ and the variety of dynomic loads were controlled by the strain rate, which was 3mm/min, 15mm/min, 30mm/min and 50mm/min, respectively. The experimental results indicate that in the case of 3mm/min. stress-induced martensitic transformation occurs at about 350 MPa when loading and reverse transformation at about 200 MPa when unloading, during which the aged Ti-50.9at% Ni alloy shows the recoverable nonlinear pseudoelastic strain of 4.3%with the residual strain of 1.2% reserved. With the strain rate increasing, the area encloses by loading-curve and unloading-curve, i. e stress ( strain ) hysteresis becomes smaller and smaller and the residual strain also decreases, while critical stress for inducing martensitic transformation rises. At a higher strain rate the alloy exhibits linear-like pseudoelasticity, which is up to 4.5％ .     

高温状态下大理岩力学性能实验研究

采用电液伺服材料力学试验系统对常温~800℃高温作用下大理岩的力学性能进行了研究,考察了大理岩的全应力-应变曲线、峰值应力σp、峰值应变pε、弹性模量E等量的变化特征。结果表明:随受热温度升高大理岩的峰值应力和弹性模量不同程度上渐次降低,尤其是在不同温度段岩石强度降低具有突变性,而峰值应变不同程度渐次增长。800℃时大理岩的延性明显增强,应力达到峰值后,应变仍表现出缓慢增加特性,但最终大理岩破坏方式仍以脆断为主。研究结果一定程度上反映了大理岩在温度作用下内部结构变化的特征,可为相关岩体工程设计与研究提供参考。     

IN718单晶微柱体锯齿状变形的晶体塑性分析

为较为准确可靠地预测IN718合金服役于各种复杂工况下的力学响应,开展了位移控制条件下微米尺寸IN718合金单晶锯齿状变形行为的理论建模研究工作.首先,基于微压缩测试的实验观察,建立了能够较为真实反映位移控制下晶体材料变形的"变形块-弹簧"力学分析模型.进而,通过分析晶体材料锯齿状变形行为中的应变强化、流动法则、加卸载准则以及应变突变判据等建模要素,构建了描述该行为的连续化晶体塑性本构理论模型之后,应用该模型分别研究了单滑移与双滑移取向的IN718合金单晶微柱体的轴向压缩响应,并与对应微压缩实验结果进行了比较.研究结果表明,基于上述理论模型预测的IN718单晶柱体轴向力学响应出现了加载、卸载以及应变突变3种变形方式,呈现出明显的锯齿状变形行为,与对应实验测试结果具有很好的吻合性.基于连续介质框架构建的微尺度锯齿状塑性本构模型,可为经典的连续化晶体塑性理论在亚微米尺度领域的发展提供有力理论支撑.     

Thermal deformation behavior and microstructure of nuclear austenitic stainless steel

Gleeble-1500D thermal simulation tester was employed in the hot-compression investigation of as-cast nuclear 304 austenitic stainless steel under conditions: deformation temperature 950―1200℃; deformations 30% and 50%; deformation rates 0.01 and 0.1 s?1. The results show that the flow stress decreases with temperature rise under the same strain rate and deformation, that the flow stress increases with deformation under the same temperature and strain rate, and that the flow stress increases with strain rate...     

Correlation between the cyclic stress behavior and microstructure in 316LN based on the analysis of hysteresis loops

Total strain controlled cyclic test was performed on 316 LN under uniaxial loadings. Through the partitioning of hysteresis loops, the evolution of two components of cyclic flow stress, the internal and effective stresses, was reported. The former one determines the cyclic stress response. Based on the transmission electron microscopic（TEM） observation on specimens loaded with scheduled cycles, it is found that planar dislocation structures prevail during the entire cyclic process at low strain amplitude, while a remarkable dislocation rearrangement from planar structures to heterogeneous spatial distributions is companied by a cyclic softening behavior at high strain amplitude. The competition between the evolution of the intergranular and the intragranular components of the internal stress caused by the transition of slip mode induces the cyclic hardening and softening at high strain levels. The intergranular internal stress represents the most part of the internal stress at low strain level.     

低周疲劳过程中的非弹性响应和热响应

材料的疲劳是能量耗散过程。低周疲劳过程的非弹性响应反映了机械能耗的规律，而热响应则能够表征疲劳过程的热耗散规律。通过低周疲劳试验，研究了40CrNiMoA在循环加载过程的软化／硬化规律以及机械能耗规律，并利用细小热教电阻测量了试祥在加载过程中的温度变化以及温度涨落规律。     

挤压变形AM30镁合金的循环变形行为

为了深入理解挤压变形AM30镁合金在低周疲劳加载条件下的循环应力响应行为和循环应力-应变行为,针对挤压态以及经过固溶处理和固溶+时效处理的挤压变形AM30镁合金进行了应变控制的室温疲劳试验.结果表明,不同加工处理状态的挤压变形AM30镁合金在疲劳变形期间可呈现循环应变硬化和稳定的循环应力响应行为; 不同加工处理状态的挤压变形AM30镁合金的循环应力幅与塑性应变幅之间呈线性关系,且固溶处理和固溶+时效处理均可提高挤压变形AM30镁合金的循环强度系数和循环应变硬化指数; 在较高的外加总应变幅下,不同加工处理状态的挤压变形AM30镁合金均表现出典型的拉-压不对称循环变形行为.     

Microstructure and flow stress of Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy

The microstructure and flow stress of the Mg-12Gd-3Y-0.5Zr magnesium alloy was investigated by compression test at temperatures ranging from 350 to 500 ℃ and the strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 20 s-1. The flow stress of the magnesium alloy increased with strain rate and decreased with deformation temperature. Flow stress can be expressed in terms of the Zener-Hollomon parameter Z, which describes the combined influence of the strain rate and temperature using an Arrhenius function.The values of the deformation activation energy were estimated to be 245.9 and 171.5 kJ/mol at deformation temperatures below 400 ℃ and above 400 ℃, respectively. Two constitutive equations were developed to quantify the effect of the deformation conditions on the flow stress of the magnesium alloy. The effects of deformation temperature and strain rate on the microstructure of the magnesium alloy were also examined and quantified by measuring the volume fraction of dynamically recrystallized grain Xd. Xd increased with increasing of deformation temperature. When the deformation temperature was below 475 ℃, Xd decreased with strain rate until it reached 0.15 s-1, then it increased again. When the deformation temperature was above 475 ℃, Xd increased with strain rate.     

Experimental study on the mechanical properties of rocks at high temperature

The mechanical properties of marble, limestone, and sandstone as well as the stress-strain curve, the varying characteristics of the peak strength, the peak strain and elastic modulus were studied by using the MTS810 Rock Mechanics Servo-controlled Testing System under the action of temperatures rang- ing from room temperature to 800℃ . Results show that (1) the peak strength and elastic modulus of marble fluctuate at the temperature from normal to 400 ℃ ; and they decrease gradually over 400℃ . (2) With th...     

ZA27合金在循环应力作用下的疲劳特性

研究了ＺＡ２７ 合金在室温下的低周疲劳性能, 得到两种处理状态下ＺＡ２７ 合金在恒应变幅下的循环应力—应变曲线, 并对两种状态下合金的显微组织及疲劳试件断口进行了显微分析． 结果表明： ＺＡ２７ 合金在铸态下表现为循环软化, 其原因与铸态组织晶粒的不均匀性以及内应力在循环应力作用下的衰减等有关; 热处理合金表现为循环硬化, 是由于热处理显微组织中沉淀相弥散、均匀、稳定地分布于基体中, 造成位错运动的障碍以及不断开动的位错源造成晶粒内位错密度迅速增加起到了循环硬化的作用．     

Characteristic surface oxide film cracking behavior of a Fe-Ni-Cr Alloy under in-phase and out-of-phase thermo-mechanical fatigue

The surface oxide film cracking behavior of Fe-30Ni-20Cr alloy under in-phase and out-of-phase synchronizing thermal cycling with mechanical cycling was studied.Surface oxide film cracking along the grain boundary under in-phase overlapping was creep predominant fracture mechanisms.Strongly induced slip lines preceding were accompanied by the surface oxide film cracking under Out-of phase,and the shear cracking was dominant mode.Negative mean stress could counteract a part of the tensile component of alternative stress,so as to delay the cracking process under in-phase,but positive mean stress overlapping the tensile alternative stress could accelerate the cycling cracking process under out-of-phase.     

AZ31B镁合金和6065铝合金动态压缩行为数值模拟

为了研究帽状试样AZ31B镁合金和6065铝合金在动态压缩变形过程中的温度、应力与应变演变规律,采用Johnson-Cook本构方程和累积塑性损伤方程进行了数值模拟,运用有限元软件ANSYS/LS-DYNA模拟了AZ31B镁合金和6065铝合金帽状试样的动态变形过程.结果表明,两种合金的裂纹萌生和扩展过程相似,局域化变形带内塑性应变由内向外对称分布.相比于AZ31B镁合金,6065铝合金的塑性应变影响区域更为狭小,其应变和应变率硬化效果更强.6065铝合金的变形温度能够达到其动态再结晶临界点,因而易于绝热剪切带的形成.     

The aging feature of Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy containing Sc

The aging behaviors of Al-1.42% Li-2.41% Cu-0.93% Mg-0.073% Zr-0.17% Sc (mass fraction, the same below) alloy at room temperature, 160 °C, and 160°C after 8% pre-deformation were studied respectively by hardness measurement. The microstructure of the alloy in various aging conditions was observed by TEM. The results show that the main precipitations of the alloy in quenching condition are the particles containing Sc and Zr which have certain coherent relation with the matrix. Addition of Sc in Al-Li-Cu-Mg-Zr alloy will be favorable to promoting precipitation. The particles can serve as preferred nucleation sites for δ′ phases which accelerate the aging hardening rate at initial aging. The main hardening phases of the alloy aged at 160 °C are δ′ and δ′/β′ composite precipitates. The size of the composite precipitates is very small (nanometer size). The composite precipitates will preclude efficiently the formation concentrative slip location and will improve the mechanical properties of the alloy. S′ phase will occur in the alloy aged at 160 °C after 8% pre-deformation. It is found that 8% pre-deformation has no obvious influence on the precipitation of the composite phase. Foundation item: The Key Program of the 9th Five-year Plan of China (No. 95-YS-001) Biography of the first author: TAN Cheng-yu, associate professor, born in 1963, majoring in materials and their suface performances.     

Pseudo-elastic hysteresis damping characteristics of SMA hybrid composite lamina

The longitudinal mechanical behavior of shape memory alloy （SMA） composite lamina subjected to longitudinally strain or stress controlled cyclic loading is investigated. The SMA is under pseudoelastic condition and the fibers are embedded （bonded） to the host material. The influences of temperature, volume fraction of SMA and longitudinal modulus of the host material on the stress-strain relation and energy dissipation of the SMA hybrid composite lamina are discussed. The results indicate that the stress-strain curve of the lamina per cycle shows a hysteresis loop. The hysteresis damping decreases with increasing temperature and with decreasing volume fractions of SMA. In addition, the hysteresis damping is nearly independent of the longitudinal modulus of the host material under strain controlled loading. However, it depends dramatically on the longitudinal modulus of the host material under stress controlled loading, which shows the SMA composite lamina has high pseudo-elastic hysteresis damping when the longitudinal modulus of the host material is low.     

Ni52.5Mn23.5Ga23.6Tb0.4磁性形状记忆合金马氏体相变和磁感生应变的研究

研究多晶合金Ni52.5Mn23.5Ga24的马氏体相变特征和磁感生应变性能,分析了稀土元素Tb对合金马氏体相变和磁性能的影响.研究结果表明,添加Tb使合金Ni52.5Mn23.5Ga24的马氏体相变温度提高到室温以上,并且降低了合金的温度滞后,在一定压力的作用下合金磁感生应变值增大.     

Superplastic Deformation Behavior of Hot-rolled AZ31 Magnesium Alloy Sheet at Elevated Temperatures

1IntroductionAs a typical wrought magnesiumalloy,AZ31alloyhas a wide prospect for applications inthe fields of auto-mobiles,electronic appliances and aeronautic facili-ties[1,2].However,due to the hexagonal close-packed(HCP)structure of magnesium,the ductility of AZ31al-loy at roomtemperature is rather poor,which greatly re-stricts its applications in structural fields[3-5].Owing tothe activation of non-basal slip system[6],the ductility ofMg alloycan be significantlyimproved at elevatedtem…     

AZ91E-T6镁合金平均应力松弛的本构描述及其在疲劳寿命预测中的应用

针对在低应变幅(Δε/2=0.003,0.005),应变比R=εmin/εmax=0的循环加载过程中,平均应力松弛对AZ91E-T6镁合金疲劳寿命影响较大的实验现象,采用Chaboche本构模型对平均应力松弛过程进行本构描述。推导了Chaboche本构模型的增量形式,采用应变控制的加载方式,获得了AZ91E-T6镁合金材料的循环应力应变迟滞曲线,并求得其稳态滞回环的平均应力,最后利用Morrow模型预测了AZ91E-T6镁合金材料的疲劳寿命。通过与已有实验数据的比较表明:Chaboche本构模型能较好地描述在应变控制条件下,AZ91E-T6镁合金材料的循环平均应力松弛行为,采用计算出的稳态滞回环平均应力结合Morrow模型能够对疲劳寿命作出较准确的预测。     

Effects of strain rate on dislocation for TA15 alloy during hot compressive deformation

The effects of strain rate on the dislocation type and dislocation configure of TA15 alloy were investigated.The experimental results show that the operating dislocation type changes from c type to c and a+ c type with increasing strain rate under the deformation condition of 900℃,60% strain.Under the condition of 900℃,60% strain and 0.001/s strain rate,lots of orientate dislocation cellular configurations and sub-grains,many dislocations pile up before sub boundary.When the strain rate increases to 0.1/s,some dislocations exhibit curved and dislocation tangles and pile-ups can be found,suggesting more dislocations and much stronger interactions among dislocations.