Design of tapered gears

In this paper the conjugate tooth profile of a tapered gear in mesh with involute helicoid cylindrical pinion is found for both on-center and off-set gear meshings. The phenomenon of undercutting and that of pointing are analysed and on this basis the gear blank dimensions to utilise the maximum area of the surface of contact are found. Finally a procedure to design the optimal shape and size of the gear blank is recommended from the point of view of ease of manufacture and inspection of the gear blanks.     

Design of spur gears generated with pinion cutters

The determination of pinion cutter offsets to generate nonstandard spur gears to satisfy the design constraint of maximum recess to approach action or equalizing the tooth strengths for a pinion and gear set requires the solution of four simultaneous design constraints. This paper presents the governing relationships for the four design constraints including backlash. Part I of this paper presents the formulation of the solution and results for maximizing the recess to approach action. Part II describes the solution of generating the pinion and gear to have equal tooth strengths. Two of the four design criteria involve the solution of nonlinear simultaneous equations. A Basic program was created and used to generate the results for several sample problems.     

多齿轮式齿轮泵的齿轮变位设计

迄今为止,齿轮泵的寿命还远远达不到设计要求,这主要是齿轮泵存在较大的径向不平衡力所致,通过在一个齿轮周围对称布置若干个齿轮构成多齿轮式齿轮泵,就可以实现径向力的平衡,大大延长齿轮泵的服役时间,本文综合运用行星传动机构及齿轮泵的有关知识,分析了多齿轮式齿轮泵的齿轮变位问题,为泵的研究和开发提供了一种创新思路。     

转载式多点驱动带式输送机设计计算

介绍中间驱动单元数量及位置的确定方法。论述了等功率及等围包角３种不同方案的转载式多驱动带式输送机计算方法，推导出了适合于任意多个中间驱动单元的胶带张力计算公式。对一带式输送机算例，分别按４种不同的设计方案进行了计算，并与单点驱动方案进行了比较。     

Design and manufacture of plunge shaving cutter for shaving gears with tooth modifications

Gear plunge shaving is one of the most efficient ways to finish gears. It has been a challenge for a long time to design and manufacture a plunge shaving cutter to induce gear tooth modification. This paper proposes a method for designing plunge shaving cutters to manufacture gears with modifications analytically. By integrating B-spline interpolation, differential geometry, and design optimization, the goal is achieved. Efficiency is greatly improved by avoiding the traditional trial and error method.     

通用型交流伺服驱动器设计技术探讨

介绍了通用变频器、交流永磁同步伺服驱动器和交流异步伺服驱动器在数控机床行业的应用现状;提出并阐述了交流伺服驱动器使用的统一型硬件平台的设计特点和技术要点;通过对永磁同步电动机和感应电动机的磁场定向矢量控制算法的异同点分析,提出了设计通用型交流伺服驱动器的一种合理的控制算法架构;在吸收软件工程中面向对象编程思想的基础上,设计了一种适合于团队开发的高效的控制软件开发模型.     

非对称渐开线直齿轮设计计算CAD系统的开发

通过对非对称渐开线圆柱直齿轮齿根弯曲应力的分析,结合接触强度的计算公式,建立了系统的数学模型。以模块化设计思想为指导,用Delphi7这个可视化的,面向对象的编程语言为开发工具,开发了用户界面友好的圆柱齿轮设计系统。该系统可以对非对称和对称齿轮进行设计、校核.提高了设计质量．减少了设计工作量．为后续的非对称齿轮零件参数化绘图提供了重要设计参数。     

Drives with harmonic gears for servo systems

Various drives with harmonic gear systems and generators of internal and external deformation waves are considered. A method of designing harmonic gear systems on the basis of dialog-based interactive software is outlined. A systems approach to the design of electromechanical servo-system drives improves the design quality and reduces the design time.     

一种二阶系统最优Q滤波器DOB设计方法研究

对一种新的系统化的最优Q滤波器干扰观测器(Disturbance Observer DOB)的参数设计方法进行研究,它用来校正二阶系统的外界干扰输入和一定范围内的系统不确定性.基于控制系统结构的变形、Q滤波器特性的分析和综合、最优参数和偏好参数的选取以及超前补偿器的设计,这种方法可以直接设计出一组相对于干扰-输出传递函数特性的最接近理论最优解的实际最优控制器参数.应用这种最优Q滤波器DOB,对于系统不确定性的适应和对外界干扰的抑制的要求都能很好的满足,并且通过系统仿真更验证了这一设计方法.     

减速齿轮传动中主动轮齿根弯曲疲劳的计算

传动齿轮强度理论认为,齿间滑动摩擦对齿轮齿根弯曲疲劳的影响可忽略不计。针对此说法,本文作者对带惰轮的起重减速齿轮传动中主动轮受国情况展开全面的分析研究,推导出包括齿间滑动摩擦力在内的,实际外载荷作用下的主动轮齿根弯曲疲劳应力计算公式。结果表明,齿间摩擦力对含惰轮的减速齿轮传动中主动轮齿根弯曲疲劳强度的影响不可忽视。     

Thermal behavior of high-speed gears and tooth correction for such gears

High speed, high power gear meshes reveal nonuniform thermal distortions during service, which distortions must be compensated for by means of geometry modifications.     

Computer-assisted choice of electrohydraulic servosystems for manipulation robots using complete mathematical models

In this paper, a computer procedure for the choice of electrohydraulic servosystems of manipulation robots is described. Mathematical models based on this procedure represent complete dynamic models of manipulation robots where all dynamic effects are included. Two types of mathematical model of electrohydraulic servosystems are considered: a linearized mathematical model with fixed parameters (time-invariant model) and a linearized mathematical model with variable parameters (time-varying model). Based on exact dynamic analysis, interactive procedures for optimal choice of electrohydraulic actuators, using both types of mathematical models are derived. A criterion is based on the minimum energy consumption for trajectory realization. Selection procedures are given on a typical example of manipulation robot. Also, programmed control calculated using both types of linearized models is compared with programmed control using exact nonlinear models of servosystems. It is shown that the linearized model with variable parameters represents qualitative dynamic behaviour of manipulation robots.     

弧齿锥齿轮几何传动误差的设计与分析

提出基于传动误差设计的概念和方法。通过TCA和LTCA对传动误差曲线的设计进行啮合仿真分析的结果表明 ,根据工作载荷合理地确定传动误差转换点处的幅值与总的幅值 ,可降低弧齿锥齿轮对误差的敏感性 ,可使工作载荷下传动误差波动幅值最小 ,同时可有效地避免或减轻边缘接触。     

Design of nonstandard spur gears cut by a hob

A numerical technique has been developed for determining the individual hob offsets for a pair of spur gears designed to operate at a nonstandard center distance with the maximum ratio of recess to approach action or to balance tooth strengths of the pinion and gear. The numerical technique is based on determining the limit to which the hob is offset to create a full recess-action gearset, to balance the tooth strengths, to maintain a desired contact ratio, and to avoid undercutting. The values of the hob offsets from these design criteria are calculated, and the limiting value selected to produce an acceptable gearset. In this paper, backlash is incorporated into the solution method and a new numerical technique is employed to solve the optimum hob offsets. This paper presents the formulation of the equations for each of the design criteria and the corresponding solution methods, which include backlash, that are used to determine the optimum hob offsets. These design criteria have been incorporated into a Basic program. Example problems and results from the program are presented.     

Initial contour optimization for bevel gears with circular teeth

A procedure of optimization of the initial contour and normal correction coefficient of bevel gears with circular teeth is proposed. This procedure permits a substantial increase in the geometrical factors of the gear and the load capacity of bevel gears with circular teeth. An algorithm of realizing the optimized initial contour by standard tool heads is suggested.     

Lubrication of gears with synthetic lubricants

This paper looks at the gear types and operating conditions to which synthetic lubricants are most suited, in terms of both economy and technical benefits. In examining the characteristics of, particularly, worm and non-positive (friction wheel) gears, data is presented for operating temperature, boundary torque, traction coefficient and friction coefficient, showing the relative advantages in extreme conditions of polyglycols, and other synthetics.     

Algorithm for measuring gears implemented with general-purpose spreadsheet software

Conventional methods to verify gears are based on manual measurement instruments, such as vernier caliper gauges, gear pitch micrometers, profilometers, among others. The use of these instruments is widely described in technical literature, while in the actual industrial arena the coordinate measurement machines (CMM) are commonly used to obtain, with the appropriate software, all the parameters including the tooth profile.Commercial software for measuring gears with a CMM is usually based on continuous touch of teeth’s flanks. In the educational centres is still common to find single-point probing point to point touch machines. To transform them into continuous touch machines, new software and accessories are required and costs can be excessive for instructional purposes.This paper presents the geometrical and mathematical principles to develop a software application for measuring gears and describes its implementation using general-purpose spreadsheet software. For this purpose, the conventionally used software of the CMM is supported by a spreadsheet that calculates the probe positions and direction of measurement. The communication between the spreadsheet and the CMM software is established by ASCII files. At the end of this process, the spreadsheet displays the measurement results, thanks to its graphical and computing power, making possible to improve the learning process of students or training professionals.     

Spalling formation mechanism for gears

Though the basic phenomenon of wear on gear tooth contact surfaces is the removal of a piece of material from the working surface, the sizes of the wear debris may be different, due to the different physical causes in their formation processes. No common definitions have been established to distinguish spalling from pitting in the literature. This is probably due to the fact that the physical causes of pitting and spalling have not yet been established. In this paper, a brief literature review is presented with the intention to differentiate spalling from pitting. Three types of wear phenomena are defined. Furthermore, the results of a recent experimental study of gear tooth spalling formation in AISI 4340 gears in a test rig are also presented to demonstrate a possible process of spalling due to the development of cracks beneath the tooth contact surfaces and crack linkages in plastically-collapsed metal ligament between the crack tip and the adjacent tooth contact surface. These experimental results substantiated the ligament collapse spalling mechanism proposed by Ding et al. [Y. Ding, R. Jones, B.T. Kuhnell, Elastic-plastic finite element analysis of spall formation in gears, Wear 197 (1996) 197-205; M. Heems, F. Lagarde, R. Courtel, P. Sorin, C. R. Acad. Sci. 257 (3) (1963) 3293].     

Design formula for involute profile shifted gears applied to a skew shaft gear-box

By the intermeshing of a pair of helical gears having different absolute helix angles, we can design a gear-box for non-parallel shafts. This paper presents an analytical formulation and a geometrically approximated formulation concerned with the minimum shaft distance and the skew shaft angle when involute profile shifting is applied in design. In order to approximate the calculated result of the analytically correct formulae, when using the practical formulae, the correction factors, especially important in the case of high skew shaft angle, are also provided.