永磁同步电机磁链修正无位置传感器控制

表贴式永磁同步电机转速可以由电机反电势和磁链的比值进行估算,而永磁同步电机在运行时,永磁体磁链会因为交叉耦合和饱和效应而非线性实时变化,直接影响无位置传感器控制中电机转速和位置的估算.本文提出了一种磁链误差滑模观测器,通过重写定子磁链方程构建磁链误差观测器,由观测的磁链误差对永磁体磁链初值进行在线修正,利用修正得到的磁...     

一种适合DTC应用的非线性正交反馈补偿磁链观测器

提出一种适合永磁同步电机直接转矩控制的非线性正交反馈补偿定子磁链观测器，从确保磁链和反电势正交的角度出发，保证电机在宽运行范围定子磁链观测的准确性，能有效解决传统磁链观测器存在的直流漂移、磁场饱和及电机极低速运行时磁链观测不准等问题。新型观测器结构简单，无需PI调节，没有非线性饱和限幅环节，对电机参数鲁棒性好，且易于工程实现。针对一台2 kW永磁同步电机，采用数字信号处理器DSP对所提出的观测器进行了数字化实现。实验表明，该观测器能在宽速度范围内精确地估算电机定子磁链，实现永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统的高性能控制。     

改进的磁链观测器在永磁同步电机上的应用

针对传统磁链观测器易受电机参数影响的问题,提出了一种新型的磁链观测器。永磁同步电机由电流调节器驱动,电流调节器反映磁链偏差的积分项用来补偿电机电感和永磁磁链的变化。为避免永磁同步电机弱磁运行时发生过调制问题,采用了一种最小距离过调制策略。改进后的磁链观测器不仅在最大转矩电流比运行区,而且在弱磁运行区都有较好的观察性能。通过传统磁链观测器和改进后磁链观测器的比较实验,验证了该磁链观测器对电机参数变化具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于ESO的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制

为了实现永磁同步电机(PMSM)无速度传感器直接转矩控制,本文提出了一种基于扩张状态观测器(ESO)的定子磁链和转速观测器.选取定子磁链作为状态变量,并将包含转速信息的不确定项扩张成为新的状态变量,通过ESO即可实现定子磁链及转速的实时估计.仿真及实验结果表明新型控制策略结构简单,显著地改善了系统的动、静态性能及鲁棒性...     

基于定子磁链全维状态观测器的直接转矩控制

为克服纯积分器的积分初值、误差累积以及直流偏移等缺陷,提出了基于全维状态观测器的永磁同步电机定子磁链观测方法.以定子磁链作为状态向量构造系统状态方程,以电流作为输出向量构造系统输出方程,配置观测器极点正比于电机模型极点,并采用Matlab中的鲁棒极点配置算法进行观测器反馈增益阵的计算.实验表明,采用全维状态观测器对定子磁链观测的准确度更高,所构成的直接转矩控制系统具有更好的性能.     

用于PMSM无位置传感器控制的滑模观测器的设计与仿真

根据永磁同步电机的数学模型,设计出一个滑模状态观测器,用于估算电机转子位置和速度并推导其状态方程,对其稳定性进行了分析。并且对此系统进行了Matlab仿真,仿真结果表明,该方法对电机参数变化不敏感,具有较强的鲁棒性。滑模变结构状态观测器能够在较广速度范围内追踪转子实际位置,实现对转轴位置的观测,从而实现了永磁同步电机的无传感器的控制。     

基于有效磁链滑模观测器的IPMSM直接转矩控制

提出了一种有效磁链滑模定子磁链观测器。与一般滑模磁链观测器不同的是该观测器并不包含转速自适应环节,从而避免了由于转速估计误差所导致的磁链观测性能下降。采用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明了观测器渐近收敛。通过实时估计有效磁链信息,间接计算出电机转速,从而实现内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)的无速度传感器直接转矩控制。仿真结果表明了该方法的有效性。     

基于滑模状态观测器和SVPWM的无传感器永磁同步电动机控制研究

将滑模状态观测器和空间矢量脉宽调制技术应用于永磁同步电机无传感器矢量控制中.根据永磁同步电机的数学模型,设计了一个滑模状态观测器用于估算电机转子位置和速度,建立其自适应规律并采用李亚普诺夫理论对其稳定性进行了分析.该方法对电机参数变化不敏感,具有较强的鲁棒性.系统采用空间矢量脉宽调制技术进行脉宽调制以减小转矩脉动,实验结果表明,滑模变结构状态观测器能够在较广速度范围内追踪转子实际位置,实现对转轴位置的观测,从而实现了永磁同步电机的无传感器磁场定向控制.     

基于定子磁链降阶状态观测的永磁同步电机无差拍直接转矩控制系统

针对传统永磁同步电机直接转矩控制中存在的磁链和转矩脉动较大、逆变器开关频率不恒定的缺点。文中提出了一种无差拍的永磁同步电机直接转矩控制方案。在一个控制周期内同时精确补偿了给定磁链幅值与实际磁链幅值、给定转矩幅值与实际转矩幅值的误差,实现了磁链与转矩的无差拍控制。为解决永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统需要转子的初始位置信息以确定定子磁链的初始值这一问题,本文通过构造定子磁链降阶观测器的方法消除初始磁链误差,使永磁同步电机直接转矩控制系统的运行不依赖转子初始位置信息。最后提出了一种适宜于无差拍直接转矩控制算法和定子磁链降阶观测器的基于转子磁链的转速辨识方法。使整个系统实现无速度传感器运行。     

异步电机全阶状态观测器极点配置方法

深入分析了以定子电流、定子磁链为状态变量的异步电机状态观测器方案,提出了一种异步电机状态观测器的极点配置方法,系统地给出了这种观测器的设计过程。仿真研究表明,该方案对电机参数变化的鲁棒性好,磁链观测精度高,收敛速度快。基于该状态观测器方可实现高性能的无速度传感器运行。     

New "D-State-Observer"-based vector control for sensorless drive of permanent-magnet synchronous motors

This paper proposes a new sensorless vector control method that can be applied to both salient-pole and nonsalient-pole permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The proposed method estimates phase of rotor flux by a newly developed flux-state observer for sensorless vector control of PMSMs, which is referred to as the "D-state observer". The D-state observer has the following attractive features: 1) it requires no additional steady-state condition for the motor mathematical model; 2) its order is the minimum second; 3) a single observer gain is simply constant over a wide operating range, and easily designed; 4) it utilizes motor parameters in a very simple manner; and 5) its structure is very simple and can be realized at a very low computational load. Usefulness of the proposed method is examined and confirmed through extensive experiments.     

Potentiality of a new minimum‐order back‐EMF state observer taking acceleration into account for sensorless vector control of permanent‐magnet synchronous motors

This paper proposes new sensorless vector control methods for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs), which are based on a new minimum‐order back‐EMF state observer taking acceleration into account, and examines potentiality of the improved back‐EMF observer through experiments. Conventional sensorless vector control methods for PMSMs using an estimate of back‐EMF are established under the assumption of constant speed or zero acceleration, and consequently cannot operate properly at modes requiring rapid speed change especially in low speed region. On the other hand, the proposed back‐EMF observer has the following features: (1) it is a new back‐EMF state observer taking acceleration into account and requiring no additional approximation to motor mathematical model; (2) it is a minimum‐order state observer; (3) it utilizes motor parameters in the simplest manner; (4) it can be applied to both salient‐pole and non‐salient‐pole PMSMs; (5) it can be realized in both rotor and stator reference frames. Detailed designs and analyses for the improved state observer and the sensorless vector control systems in both rotor and stator reference frames are given. In relation to the sensorless vector control systems, this paper newly proposes a double‐integral‐type PLL method and an integral‐feedback‐type acceleration/speed estimation method. Their potentialities are examined through experiments. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 164(4): 78–92, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/ eej.20630     

New sensorless vector control methods based on a new minimum‐order flux state observer in the “D‐module” for permanent magnet synchronous motors

This paper proposes new sensorless vector control methods that can be applied to both salient‐pole and non‐salient‐pole permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM). The proposed method estimates the phase of rotor flux by the “D‐module observer,” which is newly developed for sensorless vector controls of PMSM. The “D‐module observer” has the following attractive features. (1) It is a new state observer requiring no additional approximation to the motor mathematical model. (2) It is a minimum‐order state observer. (3) Observer gain guaranteeing proper estimation in a wide operating range except for singular zero‐speed can be a simple constant, and can be easily designed. (4) It utilizes motor parameters in the simplest manner. (5) Its structure is very simple and is realized at the minimum computing cost. (6) It can be applied to both salient‐pole and non‐salient‐pole PMSM. (7) It can be realized in both rotor and stator reference frames. Detailed designs and analyses for the “D‐module observer” and “D‐module observer”‐based sensorless vector control systems in both rotor and stator reference frames are given. Their validity and usefulness are examined and confirmed through extensive experiments. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 151(2): 46–62, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20046     

A New Self‐Tuning Power‐Factor‐Based Vector Control Method for Efficient Wide‐Speed Range Sensorless Drive of Permanent‐Magnet Synchronous Motors

As a simple sensorless vector control method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motor (PMSMs), a power‐factor‐based vector control (PFVC) method has been reported. This method has the attractive characteristics that three functions such as current limit, efficiency and sensorless drive can be performed simultaneously in a simple manner. However, it was developed under the assumption that there is no practical voltage limit, and that it cannot be applied over the rated speed. This paper proposes a new PFVC method that allows PMSMs to be driven even over the rated speed under application of a practical voltage limit, while keeping the desired characteristics. The effectiveness and usefulness of the proposed method are verified through extensive experiments.     

感应电机滑模观测器矢量控制系统研究

研究了一种基于滑模观测器的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制技术。根据感应电机两相α-β静止坐标系下数学模型的特点,设计了一种电流型滑模观测器。利用李亚普诺夫稳定定理,分析和证明了此观测器的稳定性,并在此观测器的基础上,根据等效控制的概念,估算了电机转子磁链和转速。仿真结果表明,基于滑模观测器的感应电机无速度传感器矢量控制技术对于电机启动和突加负载转矩时均能呈现很好的调速性能。     

基于状态观测器的感应电机速度传感器故障诊断及容错控制

速度传感器是感应电机矢量控制系统的重要组成部分,当其出现故障时会严重影响系统的性能。设计感应电机矢量控制系统,并在此基础上实现了基于状态观测器的感应电机速度传感器故障诊断及速度传感器发生故障后的容错控制。在速度传感器正常时,状态观测器工作在故障诊断方式下;速度传感器发生故障后,该状态观测器工作在速度估计方式下,系统由原带速度传感器矢量控制方式平滑切换到无速度传感器矢量控制,从而实现速度传感器的容错控制。该设计的有效性在dSPACE实验平台上得到了验证。     

New Simple Torque‐Sensorless Torque Control for Quasi‐perfect Compensation of Sixth‐Harmonic Torque Ripple Due to Nonsinusoidal Distribution of Back EMF of PMSM

This paper proposes a new torque‐sensorless torque control method for permanent‐magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs). The proposed method can almost perfectly compensate the sixth harmonic torque ripple that is caused by nonsinusoidal distributions of the back electromagnetic force and the rotor magnetic flux of PMSMs. The torque control system is, in principle, constructed on the basis of vector control, but has two new, dedicated speed‐varying devices: a harmonic torque observer and a current controller. The speed‐varying harmonic torque observer can estimate the harmonic component over a wide range of speeds, even when the generated torque is constant, and produce a suitable compensation signal. The speed‐varying current controller shows stable control performance over a wide range of speeds; it can fully track the compensated current command containing the DC and sixth harmonic components. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined and verified through extensive numerical experiments.     

无传感器内置式永磁同步电机低速运行转子位置鲁棒观测器

低速运行控制是无位置传感器内置式永磁同步电机(interior permanent magnet synchronous motor,IPMSM)控制系统的关键技术。为了改善无传感器IPMSM矢量控制系统的低速性能,研究了一种基于高频信号注入的转子位置鲁棒观测器,以使位置观测环节具有较强的抗负载扰动能力。在分析扰动转矩可能导致观测器收敛到磁极相反位置问题基础上,针对扰动转矩特性对转子位置鲁棒观测器的结构进行设计。根据阶跃式和斜坡式扰动转矩特性及位置观测误差期望指标,采用极点配置的方法对观测器反馈增益矩阵参数设计进行分析。通过IPMSM无传感器矢量控制系统验证了该转子位置鲁棒观测器的有效性。     

基于新型磁链观测模型的矢量控制系统研究

在异步电动机数学模型的基础上,介绍了一种改进的定子磁链观测方法,并在此基础上设计了转速估算器.磁链观测器和速度估算器结合起来应用于无速度传感器的矢量控制系统.通过Matlab仿真试验,得到转速、转矩、定子电流及其磁链等的仿真波形.仿真结果验证了该控制方法具有较好的动态响应和较强的鲁棒性.     

基于改进滑模观测器的PMSM无位置传感器矢量控制系统

将用于预测永磁同步电动机转子位置和转速的滑模观测器进行了改造,并构建了无位置传感器矢量控制系统;并在此基础上提出了一种用于补偿转子位置角预测误差的改进方法;最后用Matlab仿真验证了算法的有效性,对结果进行了分析讨论.