X射线脉冲星导航系统的闭环校正滤波器设计

X射线脉冲星导航(XNAV)系统对脉冲到达时间或相位的在轨测量存在星载钟计时误差问题. 本文提出将钟差与卫星三维位置参数一起作未知量处理, 采用4颗以上脉冲星的观测信息解算出卫星位置; 将该位置信息与轨道动力学预报的位置信息的差值作为量测信息, 结合卫星轨道动力学模型, 设计闭环校正卡尔曼滤波器. 仿真表明, 设计的闭环校正滤波器能够对卫星轨道状态进行最优估计, 解决了XNAV系统中的钟差问题.     

修正钟差和方位误差的X射线脉冲星导航

为了减小的时钟漂移和脉冲星方位误差对自主导航系统的影响,提出了一种考虑钟差修正和方位误差的脉冲星导航方法。X射线脉冲星导航以脉冲到达时间为量测量,同时将星载时钟钟差和方位偏差造成的系统偏差作为增广状态构成状态变量,建立导航系统,利用无迹卡尔曼滤波器(Unscented kalman filter, UKF)进行状态估计。仿真结果表明,该方法可以抑制方位偏差对导航的影响,控制星载时钟钟差,同脉冲星导航相比,该方法提供更高的导航估计精度。     

基于TOA和TDTOA的增广状态脉冲星组合导航误差抑制方法

脉冲星导航是一种极具潜力的深空自主导航技术,通常采用脉冲到达时间(time of arrival,TOA)作为量测信息.但脉冲星星历误差和星载原子钟误差等系统误差对导航性能有显著影响.为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于TOA和时间差分TOA (TDTOA)的增广状态脉冲星组合导航误差抑制方法,通过将每个脉冲星的星历误差和...     

基于SWT和FRFT的脉冲星TOA估计算法

提出了一种基于平稳小波和分数阶傅立叶变换的脉冲星超分辨率TOA估计算法。首先,对一个周期内的脉冲星信号进行多层平稳小波分解。然后,估计出与各层低频系数分数阶傅立叶变换相对应的TOA。最后,对脉冲星信号到达时间进行复合估计。实验结果表明,在低采样率,强噪声背景的情况下,该算法能获得稳定、准确的脉冲信号到达时间。     

空间光通信中轨道短时预报

瞄准、捕获和跟踪(PAT)技术是星间光通信的关键技术之一,高精度卫星轨道短时预报能有效实现PAT.首先在EGM96地球引力场模型下建立了卫星状态动力方程和预报方程,然后改进基于数值算法的扩展卡尔曼滤波算法对卫星轨道短时预报,最后以champ卫星星载GPS实时定轨数据为卡尔曼滤波器观测数据进行仿真实验:预报卫星位置误差约亚米级,速度误差约0.05m/s;卫星位置和速度的均方差估计趋于稳定,在一定程度上能很好地克服离散误差和模型误差对轨道估计精度的影响.PAT瞄准精度约1.6 μrad.预报轨道精度能满足空间光通信PAT技术要求.     

弹道导弹惯性/双星/天文组合导航系统研究

弹道导弹飞行特点对其导航系统提出了较高的技术要求,因此提出一种惯性/双星/天文组合导航方案对弹道导弹实时估计和修正导航误差,提高导航精度,该组合导航方案以惯性导航系统与天文导航系统的姿态角差值、惯性导航系统与双星定位导航系统的位置差值作为观测量,建立弹道导弹导航系统的数学模型和观测方程,以无反馈模式联邦滤波器在线估计弹道导弹导航参数误差值.通过计算机仿真并分析仿真结果:和惯性导航系统相比较,这种组合导航系统可以提高弹道导弹导航精度,适合弹道导弹组合导航.     

基于陆标图像的火星绕飞自主导航方法

针对火星绕飞自主导航的高精度要求,利用火星表面的陆标作为新的测量信息源,通过对陆标特征提取识别获取测量信息.在仅观测火星地表陆标图像信息的基础上,建立了相应的自主导航方案并利用可观测性矩阵分析了该方案的可观测性.考虑到在图像拍摄和视线提取过程中可能会产生的不确定性测量误差,采用基于极大相关熵的无迹卡尔曼滤波算法抑制不确定性误差影响,并实现对火星探测器的位置、速度的状态估计.数学仿真结果表明该自主导航方法具有可靠性,极大相关熵无迹卡尔曼滤波算法通过结合无迹变换和极大相关熵鲁棒权重函数可以有效抑制测量模型中不确定误差影响,能够达到较高的火星绕飞定轨精度.     

超宽带系统中基于DFT的TOA/DOA联合估计方法

针对现有的脉冲超宽带（Impulse radio ultra wideband, IR-UWB）系统中到达时间（Time-of-arrival, TOA）和波达方向（Direction-of-arrival, DOA）联合估计精度不足的问题,提出了一种基于离散傅里叶变换（Discrete Fourier transform, DFT）的TOA和DOA联合估计方法。该算法首先在频域上对接收信号建模,通过DFT处理频域接收信号的协方差矩阵得到两根天线的TOA粗估计结果。然后通过设计补偿矩阵对时延向量进行相位补偿。搜索可得粗估计结果的补偿值,进一步对TOA参数作出精确估计。最后根据两根天线的到达时间差与DOA之间的关系得到信号的DOA估计值,从而实现TOA和DOA的联合估计。仿真结果表明,所提算法的参数估计性能优于矩阵束算法和传统传播算子算法,且该优势随着信噪比的增大更为明显;同时所提算法无需复杂的特征值分解以及广义逆求解步骤,更易于工程实现。     

基于三轴磁强计和重力测量的融合导航算法

为了减小地磁导航的估计误差协方差,提高导航的可靠性和准确性,将重力作为一种新的量测信息引入到地磁导航系统中,提出了基于三轴磁强计与重力测量的融合导航算法.该算法以飞行器的位置与速度向量作为状态向量,建立状态方程;以飞行器所在位置的地磁场强度矢量与重力场强度矢量作为观测向量,建立观测方程;设计了一种联邦滤波器,用于融合三轴磁强计与重力测量仪表提供的量测信息.由于量测方程与状态方法都是非线性的,因此采用无迹卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)作为子滤波器可获得较高精度.仿真结果表明:该方法得到的位置估计误差小于30m,速度误差小于5m/s.与单一地磁导航、重力导航方法相比,该组合导航方法显示出更好的收敛性与可靠性.     

基于cubature Kalman filter的INS/GPS组合导航滤波算法

INS/GPS组合导航系统的本质是非线性的,为改善非线性下INS/GPS组合导航精度,提出将一种新的非线性滤波cubature Kalman filter（CKF）应用于INS/GPS组合导航中.为此,建立了基于平台失准角的非线性状态模型和以速度误差及位置误差描述的观测模型,分析了CKF滤波原理,设计了INS/GPS组合滤波器,对组合导航非线性模型进行了仿真.仿真结果显示,相对于扩展卡尔曼滤波（EKF）,CKF降低了姿态、位置和速度估计误差,CKF更适合于处理组合导航的状态估计问题.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.