高速场景下基于叠加导频的迭代EKF信道估计方法

针对正交频分复用（Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM）系统在高速移动场景下时/频域选择性衰落（双选衰落）和非平稳特性给信道估计带来的技术挑战,本文采用导频与数据叠加的帧结构,提出一种基于基扩展模型（Basis Expansion Model,BEM）的迭代扩展卡尔曼滤波（iterative Extend-Kalman Filter,iEKF）信道估计方法.基于BEM信道模型且采用EKF信道估计方法可以联合估计出信道冲激响应（Channel Impulse Response,CIR）与时变的时域自相关系数,有效消除子载波间干扰（Inter Carrier Interference,ICI）.同时,为了进一步消除叠加导频位置处的数据符号干扰,我们提出将叠加位置处的数据和导频先解耦、后重构再进行迭代EKF的信道估计方法.仿真分析表明,相较传统叠加导频的信道估计方法和导频符号辅助调制（Pilot Symbol Assisted Modulation,PSAM）估计方法,本文提出的信道估计方法在高速场景特别是低信噪比的条件下,具有更高的估计精度,更强的鲁棒性及更大的吞吐量.     

利用ICI自消除改善OFDM系统时变信道估计与均衡的性能

正交频分复用(OFDM)系统受到时变信道的影响,产生载波间干扰(ICI),导致系统性能严重下降。消除ICI最有效的方法是频域均衡,但这需要准确的信道估计。基扩展模型(BEM)能够准确逼近时变信道,从而将对信道的估计转化为对少量模型参数的估计。然而,在使用导频符号对参数进行估计时,来自相邻非导频符号的ICI干扰,却严重影响了估计的准确性。为此,通过分析子载波所产生的ICI系数的变化特性,该文提出采用ICI自消除方法来减小参数估计中所存在的ICI项,以提高估计的准确性,从而改善时变信道估计与均衡的性能。仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性,相比单纯基于BEM的信道估计方法,能够得到更准确的时变信道,以及更好的ICI消除效果。     

利用数据和导频的多小区Massive MIMO系统信道估计

本文提出一种通过同时利用上行数据和导频进行信道估计来对抗时分双工大规模多输入多输出（Massive multi-input multi-output,Massive MIMO）系统中导频污染的方法。考虑到Massive MIMO系统下空间相关信道在角度域具有近似稀疏性,期望用户信道和干扰信道的多径分量因而可分辨。同时上行数据子帧中的数据符号数远大于导频序列的长度。基于以上两点观察,首先利用上行导频对信道进行粗估计,然后将解码得到的上行数据符号视为导频序列,用于得到角度域信道估计中能量较大分量所处的位置。通过抽取信道粗估计中相应位置上的信道系数,可以得到信道的精估计。仿真表明,无论相邻小区采用同一组正交导频序列、还是不同组但具有相关性的导频序列,所提出的信道估计方法都能有效地消除导频污染。      

MIMO—MC—CDMA系统中信道估计算法的比轼

无线通信系统中最常用的就是使用导频来获得初始的信道响应,信道估计的目的就是通过导频序列来获得每个子信道上的信道状态信息（CSI）。但是对于何种场合要运用何种导频方式并没有具体的文章描述清楚,文中给出了MIMO—MC—CDMA系统中常用的3种信道估计算法,分别是基于分散导频（梳状导频）、正交导频、分组导频（块状导频）。通过分析这三种信道估计方法,得出结论。     

基于导频信道估计的MIMO同步算法

针对多输入多输出（MIMO）技术的应用需要,研究了MIMO同步算法,提出了一种基于导频和信道估计的联合同步算法。该方法运用基于二阶矩的盲估计算法进行信道估计;再把信道估计的结果用最小均方误差准则做均衡,并设计一种特别的导频来估计载波频偏并估计信道时延。在不同条件下进行仿真,分析结果表明：在复杂信道环境下算法的性能相比传统算法有显著提高,研究结果对MIMO的工程应用有较好参考意义。     

DFT-S-OFDM系统中基于DFT的软迭代信道估计

在基于傅里叶变换扩展的正交频分复用（DFT-S-OFDM）系统中,为了消除由多径传播和多普勒效应导致的信道间干扰（ICI）,提出了一种基于离散傅里叶变换（DFT）的软迭代信道估计算法。该算法将传统DFT信道估计技术与Turbo均衡技术相结合,利用Turbo均衡器反馈的软信息来更新初始信道估计响应,进而消除噪声和ICI。Matlab仿真结果表明,在多径信道下,经过2次以上的迭代后,该算法的误码率（BER）性能得到了显著的改善。     

时间相关块贝叶斯算法下的大规模MIMO信道估计

因具有高的阵列增益和高的频谱效率,大规模MIMO已成为5G通信系统物理层关键技术,但在频分双工系统基站侧获取大规模MIMO信道准确状态信息的过程中,存在导频开销占用大量频谱资源问题。为此,针对时间相关信道和信道稀疏度未知的情况,提出一种基于时间相关和多测量矢量模型的块贝叶斯压缩感知（TMBB-CS）信道估计方法。因基站端天线发射信号时间相关,所以大规模MIMO系统的时域信道脉冲响应呈块稀疏结构,利用该特性对下行链路中的多用户信道矩阵进行测量估计,可较大幅度减少导频开销,提升性能。实验仿真结果表明,与其他块贝叶斯算法相比,所提出的TMBB-CS算法信道估计性能更好。      

基于线性插值的RF-导频插入DDO-OFDM系统的仿真分析与实验验证

RF-导频（RF-pilot）插入的直接探测光正交频分复用（DDO-OFDM）系统通过调节载信比（CSPR）可以有效对系统传输性能进行优化,是高速短距离局域网传输的备选方案之一。在该系统下,利用导频子载波处信道估计结果,提出一种基于线性插值与时域平均的信道估计方法,用于实现非导频子载波处信道响应的估计。本文方法可以实时跟踪信道变化,有效抑制噪声影响。仿真中,13个导频子载波用于信道估计,采用线性插值与时域平均的方法估计出非导频子载波处的信道响应,传输4-QAM映射的20 Gbit/s信号在光纤中传输400 km。与背靠背相比,在误码率（EBR）为1×10^-3时,几乎没有光信噪比（OSNR）损伤。通过原理验证性实验,验证了本文方法在RF-pilot插入DDO-OFDM系统中用于信道估计的可行性。     

基于STBC-SCFDE系统的信道估计算法研究

针对频率选择性衰落信道下2发射天线的空时分组编码-单载波频域均衡(STBC-SCFDE)系统,分别设计了2种新颖的时域多天线导频序列和频域多天线导频序列,相应地提出了一种时域导频信道估计算法和一种频域导频信道估计算法,并分别进行了信道估计的MSE性能分析以及计算复杂度对比.仿真验证表明,相比传统经典多天线信道估计算法,所提2种信道算法在中低信噪比下均能实现良好的信道估计性能,为未来无线通信系统的信道估计开辟了新的解决途径.     

OFDM系统中时变信道下信道估计方法的研究

为减少OFDM系统中子信道间干扰(ICI)的影响,分析了分段频域均衡方法、近似分段线性的相邻符号ICI消除方法和卡尔曼滤波方法等几种快衰落环境下的信道估计方法的优劣,在此基础上提出了一种基于梳状导频的卡尔曼滤波信道估计方法.对滤波的结果,利用信道的频域相关函数和估计误差的协方差矩阵,在频域进行最小均方误差意义上的优化.仿真结果表明,该方法具有良好的估计性能.     

基于OFDM的数字广播系统模型研究及子载波数目确定

作为时变的多径信道,中短波信道的时变性导致基于OFDM数字调幅广播系统各个子信道间产生干扰,简称ICI。该文首先分析OFDM系统在一般时变多径信道的模型,在此基础上推导了中短波信道时变特性在OFDM系统中所产生的ICI公式,最后利用该公式通过计算机数值计算确定在ICI可忽略不计的情况下,OFDM系统的总的子载波数目N的最大值,而该值的确定对于基于OFDM的数字调幅广播系统是非常重要的。     

Improved Frequency Domain Channel Estimation and Equalization for MIMO Wireless Communications

This paper introduces an improved frequency domain channel estimation method based on interpolation vectors for single carrier frequency domain equalization (SC-FDE) with the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scheme. The proposed algorithm is derived by employing the least squares (LS) criterion, and a specified application for the wide sense stationary uncorrelated scattering (WSSUS) Rayleigh fading channel is presented. The channel frequency domain responses estimated at two adjacent pilot blocks are used to track the time-variant channel information, which can effectively improve the accuracy of channel estimation without significantly increasing complexity. Maximum mean square error (MMSE) frequency domain equalization based on the estimated channel is employed in the receiver to recover transmitted signals. This paper also investigates a training sequence design method for multiple transmit antennas and a noise variance estimation method. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed methods can perform very well for fading channels with long multipath delay and high Doppler spread.     

联合波束域分解和SVD的多用户大规模MIMO系统信道估计

针对TDD(Time Division Duplex)模式下的多用户大规模MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output)系统,本文研究了将波束域分解和SVD(Singular Value Decomposition)同时用于该系统的信道估计。当基站天线数目较多时,信道估计误差、导频开销、信道估计算法的复杂度等问题将成为影响大规模MIMO系统性能的关键因素。运用波束域分解理论,将多用户的大规模MIMO系统分解成多个单用户的大规模MIMO系统,同时从波束域对信道建模,该方法降低导频开销的同时也减小了信道估计误差。另外运用SVD对信道自相关矩阵优化,可以进一步降低信道估计算法的复杂度。基于以上两点,本文提出了一种联合波束域分解和SVD的大规模MIMO信道估计方案,并推导出了估计误差协方差矩阵的闭式表达式。仿真结果表明,与同类方案相比,本文提出的方案具有更好的信道估计性能。      

MUSIC-Based Pilot Decontamination and Channel Estimation in Multiuser Massive MIMO System

This paper addresses the problem of channel estimation in a multiuser multi-cell wireless communications system in which the base station (BS) is equipped with a very large number of antennas (also referred to as “massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)”). We consider a time-division duplexing (TDD) scheme, in which reciprocity between the uplink and downlink channels can be assumed. Channel estimation is essential for downlink beamforming in massive MIMO, nevertheless, the pilot contamination effect hinders accurate channel estimation, which leads to overall performance degradation. Benefitted from the asymptotic orthogonality between signal and interference subspaces for non-overlapping angle-of arrivals (AOAs) in the large-scale antenna system, we propose a multiple signals classification (MUSIC) based channel estimation algorithm during the uplink transmission. Analytical and numerical results verify complete pilot decontamination and the effectiveness of the proposed channel estimation algorithm in the multiuser multi-cell massive MIMO system.     

多小区多用户TDD MIMO下行链路干扰抑制预编码算法

针对多小区多用户TDD MIMO下行链路,提出了一种基于预编码的联合干扰抑制算法。首先,利用广义MMSE信道逆的QR分解设计预编码矩阵抑制下行链路的多用户干扰(MUI)。然后,从信号能量泄露的角度设计第二个预编码矩阵抑制小区间干扰(ICI)和残留的多用户干扰。该算法能够利用TDD MIMO信道的互易性,不需要用户端的反馈。在市区微小区组成的多用户TDD MIMO系统中的仿真结果表明,该算法能有效地提高系统容量和用户端平均信干噪比(SINR)。     

Pilot decontamination in massive MIMO system combining time-shifted and cell sectorization pilot assignment

Pilot contamination is appeared in massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system when using the same pilot sequences at different cells to get the channel state information.It becomes a bottleneck problem of massive MIMO when the number of antenna goes infinite.In order to dealt with pilot contamination,a new TS-CSPA joint scheme was proposed.This scheme can mitigate pilot contamination by reduce the reuse of pilot sequence through the time domain and space domain.And the closed-form expression for the achieved rates and signal to interference plus noise ratio(SINR) to verify the advantages of the proposed scheme were given.Numerical results show that significant performance gains to mitigate pilot contamination problem compared to other methods.     

ICI problem and compensation in MIMO SC‐FDMA system with SC‐SFBC scheme

In this paper, we address the ICI (intercarrier interference) problem and compensation in MIMO (multiple input multiple output) SC‐FDMA (single carrier frequency division multiple access) system that exploits SC‐SFBC (single carrier‐space frequency block coding) scheme. Recently, SC‐FDMA technique has received more attention due to the low PAPR (peak to average power ratio) property. However, SC‐FDMA system is sensitive to phase noise and CFO (carrier frequency offset) which is unavoidable in wireless communication systems. Phase noise and CFO introduce CPE (common phase error) as well as ICI into the received signal and seriously degrade the system performance. Therefore, analysis and suppression of these interferences are of great importance. In this paper, we analyze the interferences in MIMO SC‐FDMA system with SC‐SFBC. Then a new ICI estimation and suppression method is proposed to suppress the interferences. Instead of directly estimating the CFO and phase noise, which is pretty difficult and complex, this algorithm exploits block‐type pilots, which is a common pilot pattern in wireless communication systems, such as LTE standard, to estimate the interferences. After that the interferences are suppressed by the inverse matrix method. Simulation results show that the system performance is significantly improved. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

快衰落信道下OFDM系统的信道估计简化算法

在快衰落时变信道中，正交频分复用（OFDM：Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing）系统子载波间的正交性会遭到破坏，由此引起的载波间干扰（ici：Inter-Carrier Interferellce）会对系统性能带来很大的影响。本文提出了一种利用时域线性模型的信道估计算法，利用随时间线性变化的模型描述信道。仿真结果表明，本算法能够有效地消除载波间干扰，降低系统的BER。与类似算法相比，当系统的BER性能相同时，算法复杂度大大的降低。     

DVB-T/H移动接收的信道估计和ICI消除

移动衰落信道中正交频分复用(OFDM)系统的子载波间干扰(ICI)是引起系统性能下降的主要因素.通过对时变信道中ICI的分析,给出了DVB-T/H系统中的一种信道估计和ICI消除算法,并进一步提出改进算法.最后经过仿真并在FPGA上实现,并通过接收机系统的联调与测试,验证了设计的合理性与可靠性.     

MIMO-OFDM with insufficient cyclic prefix

For orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM), cyclic prefix (CP) should be longer than the length of channel impulse response, resulting in a loss of bandwidth efficiency. In this letter, the CP reconstruction (CPR) technique is first applied to a multi-input multi-output (MIMO)-OFDM system with insufficient CP. The intercarrier interference (ICI) from multiple transmit antennas is so large for MIMO system that it can not be sufficiently suppressed with the conventional CPR procedure used in single-input single-output (SISO) system. A new minimum mean-square error (MMSE) equalization and ordering process is proposed for MIMO system to suppress the ICI during the CPR procedure. By applying the proposed CPR algorithm to MIMO-OFDM system, we can obtain both the benefits of multiplexing gain and spectral efficiency gain.