低温烧结BaCoTiFe_(10)O_(19)铁氧体的微结构及高频磁性能

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了BaCoTiFe10O19铁氧体,结合相结构、显微形貌分析和对材料磁化机理的讨论,主要研究了Bi2O3加入量和烧结温度对钡铁氧体高频磁性的影响.实验表明,起始磁导率和共振频率随Bi2O3加入量的变化存在极值,当Bi2O3的加入量为7.5mol%时钡铁氧体具有较高的磁导率和较低的磁共振频率,偏离7.5mol%均导致磁导率的降低和磁共振频率的升高;高烧结温度导致晶粒尺寸的长大和晶格结构的完善,有利于提高材料的磁导率,同时降低磁共振频率.     

Effect of Co-substitution on the structure and magnetic properties of MnZn power ferrite

MnZn power ferrites with a composition of Mn_0.681-xZn_0.246Fe_2.073Co_xO₄ were prepared by conventional ceramic technique. The samples were sintered in a computer-driven furnace at 1320 °C for 4 h. Then the influences of Co-substitution on the crystalline structure, microstructure and the magnetic properties of MnZn power ferrite were studied. It shows that Co-substitution has not changed the structure of MnZn ferrite, but improved the crystallization. With the increase of Co substitution content, Co²⁺ ions firstly replace Mn²⁺ ions and then replace Fe³⁺ ions. And at room temperature, the initial permeability increases with the increase of Co-substitution content. Co-substitution can also reduce the porosity and the power loss. In addition, the corresponding temperature of the minimum power loss shifts to a lower temperature.     

Measurement of dynamic magnetic loss parameter in ferrites

The measurement of the iron loss in ferrites is important for developing high‐efficiency switching power supplies. The authors have proposed the dynamic magnetic loss parameter, λ_f, for evaluating the iron loss in ferrites. In previous studies, the parameter was assumed to be a constant value for an individual ferrite material and defined for one period of a small B–H loop. In this paper, assuming that λ_f is a function of the time derivative of the magnetic flux density, dB/dt, a novel measurement method of λ_f of a Ni‐Zn ferrite is proposed using rectangular wave voltage excitation and the Fourier expansion of the exciting current. In order to realize an iron loss measurement system with the rectangular wave voltage excitation, a high‐frequency FET inverter has been developed. The results of measuring λ_f show that it is uniquely determined by dB/dt regardless of the B–H loop size. The measured dB/dt characteristics of λ_f are applied to practical examples for switching power supplies and sinusoidal wave voltage excitations. Their experimental and computational results coincide and it is clarified that the measured dB/dt characteristics are effective and useful. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 156(1): 1–6, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.20101     

Cumulative current‐magnetizing method for a capacitor‐discharged impulse magnetizer

This paper presents a cumulative current‐magnetizing method for magnetization of permanent magnet, aimed at alleviating the bulky capacitor problem of traditional capacitor‐discharged impulse magnetizers. The method employs circuit resonance to boost the output voltage. The resonant alternative current (ac) voltage is then directly discharged to the magnetizing coil without using any rectifier. The proposed resonant ac discharge repeats a number of times over several milliseconds. This allows the magnetizing current to increase incrementally until it reaches the peak that is sufficient to fully magnetize the permanent magnet. With this design, the energy for magnetization is accumulated by small steps, and each increment would require much lower energy. This results in smaller capacitors needed compared to traditional designs. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme, several pieces of ferrite magnet without being pre‐magnetized were tested using the developed magnetizer. The test results support the feasibility and practicability of the scheme for potential applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于微扰理论的毫米波铁磁共振线宽测试

应用电磁场微扰理论,参照IEE556标准建立铁磁共振线宽测量系统,用传输式谐振腔法设计新的波谐振腔体,可在33GHz下测试旋磁材料的铁磁共振线宽,并分析了测试误差,解决了目前毫米波六角材料的线宽测试问题。     

NiZn系软磁铁氧体材料的种类及应用

NiZn系软磁铁氧体是尖晶石铁氧体材料中的一个重要分支.NiZn系铁氧体材料以其电阻率高、烧结工艺简单、高频性能好等特点而获得广泛应用.本文简要介绍了当前应用前景较好的几类NiZn铁氧体材料及其应用,包括抗EMI系列铁氧体材料、射频宽带NiZn铁氧体材料、功率型NiZn系铁氧体材料和低温烧结NiCuZn铁氧体材料等,同时展望了各自的发展前景.     

Operation analysis of quasi‐resonant,high‐frequency transformer link dc–ac converters applied to phase‐shift PWM control on the secondary side

In recent years, the soft‐switching techniques have attracted attention for their peculiar advantages such as low switching loss, high power density, EMI/RFI noise reduction, and so on. The authors have previously reported on a quasi‐resonant dc–dc converter using new phase‐shift PWM control scheme. By using the proposed control scheme, circulating current is eliminated and ZVS (Zero Voltage Switching) is achieved with small commutating current. As a result, the conduction losses caused by their currents are substantially reduced. In this paper, the authors apply a proposed control scheme to a quasi‐resonant high‐frequency transformer link dc–ac converter. As a result, all switching devises in this dc–ac converter can achieve soft switching with small commutating current irrespective of inverter mode and rectifier mode. Its operating principle and unique features are described as compared with the symmetrical control scheme of dc–ac converter. Operating performance of this dc–ac converter in the steady state is illustrated by means of simulation results. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 130(2): 88–98, 2000     

Preparation and evaluation of temperature-sensitive magnetic film with low Curie temperature

Up to now, only bulk materials and thick films were available for use as temperature-sensitive substances. However, due to the high heat capacity of these substances, their sensitivity is too low for the detection of minute temperature variations. General trends toward the miniaturization and weight reduction of electronic equipment necessitate development of thin films having magnetic properties. No technology for the preparation of temperature-sensitive magnetic thin films (TMF) has existed so far because of difficulties related to the adjustment of the mixture ratio of TMF materials composed of Fe, Mn, and Zn oxides. The authors investigated a method of fabrication of TMF by annealing of the film formed by the sputtering of a target consisting of temperature-sensitive ferrites with low Curie temperature. This method involves a two-step processing: depositing the metal components of temperature-sensitive ferrites on a substrate by sputtering and a high-temperature annealing treatment performed in a flow of argon gas in a tank containing oxygen. As a result, a ferrite thin film (thickness 1.5 μm) with spinel structure can be fabricated. The TMF characteristics closely reproduce parameters of the temperature-sensitive ferrites used in the target. The TMF so obtained also have an exceptional temperature dependence and a low heat capacity, thus providing for a prompt response to minute temperature variations of the order of 10^–1 °C. Therefore, the TMF are expected to find use in such applications as pyromagnetic sensors, optimized artificial sensors, and biosensors. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(4): 17–23, 1999     

Microwave and electrical behavior of Co2+ and Ru4+ ions substituted Ba-Sr sintered ferrite

The complex permittivity and complex permeability of synthesized M-type hexagonal ferrite powders, Ba_0.5Sr_0.5Co_xRu_xFe_(12-2x)O₁₉ (x?=?0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2) are measured at X-Band. The experimental results conclude that Co²⁺ and Ru⁴⁺ ions substitution enhances electromagnetic properties, rendering the use of ferrite for lossy applications. The acceleration in hoping mechanism between Fe²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions leads to dominance of ??? and ??? over ??? and ??? along entire frequency band.     

Small Conductive Particle Detection with a Microwave Resonant Cavity

The recent miniaturization and increased complexity of electrical devices have increased the influence of impurities on device performance, especially the influence of small conductive particles with a size on the order of micrometers. Therefore, the inspection of devices during the manufacturing process has become important. In this study, changes in the resonance properties of a microwave cavity were used to detect a metal particle. The decrease in the resonant frequency for a 100‐µm stainless steel sphere was about 0.1 MHz, which was less than 1 ppm of the resonant frequency used. This frequency change is too small to detect directly in the output of a particle detector. Transmission measurements (the scattering parameter S21) at a frequency that was a few megahertz higher than the resonant frequency where the S21 changes sharply were used to magnify signal changes resulting from the introduction of a small conductive particle. A resonant frequency of 13.3 GHz and a frequency 3 MHz higher were chosen for obtaining measurements in the present study. By applying a filtering technique, it was shown that the minimum detectable sphere size is around 50 µm. This sensitivity was experimentally shown to be uneven along the long axis of the cavity. The unevenness was related to the electrical field strength of the standing wave at the resonant frequency. For practical industrial inspection of devices, multiple frequencies should be employed in view of the present discussion. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 186(2): 61–67, 2014; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/eej.22490     

等量La-Zn替代对锶铁氧体结构和磁性能的影响

采用陶瓷工艺制备了La、Zn替代的Sr1-xLaxFe12-xZnxO19 (x=0,0.05,0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25)锶铁氧体,分析了La3+,Zn2+共同取代对锶铁氧体结构和磁性能的影响.X射线衍射分析表明,随着La3+、Zn2+离子替代量的增加,锶铁氧体主体仍为六角晶结构.通过扫描电镜对样品的形貌结构...     

An example of dB/dt characteristics of the dynamic magnetic loss parameter

Ferrite cores are used for power electronics circuits operating under excitation conditions of frequency ranging from hundreds of kilohertz to several tens of megahertz. Development of a mathematical model enabling the estimation of the power loss of ferrites in high‐frequency regions, contributes to the designing of power circuits. The power loss in high‐frequency regions consists of hysteresis and dynamic magnetic losses. Although hysteresis loss does not depend on the excitation frequency, the dynamic magnetic loss increases with increasing excitation frequency. The dynamic magnetic loss parameter, λ_f, has been introduced for identifying the power loss in high‐frequency regions. In this study, λ_f − dB/dt characteristics are experimentally obtained by a newly introduced hysteresis model that uses a normal distribution function. It is found that the λ_f − dB/dt characteristics do not depend on the size of B − H loops. The instantaneous power loss of a ferrite core in the high‐frequency region can be calculated using the λ_f − dB/dt characteristics. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrites prepared by microwave sintering method

The effect of zinc ion substitution for nickel on structural and magnetic properties of NiZn ferrites is reported. The spinel ferrite system Ni_1-xZn_xFe₂O₄ with x = 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5 was prepared by microwave sintering method. The uniaxially pressed samples were sintered at various temperatures such as 900°C, 1000°C and 1100°C for 30 min. X-ray diffraction patterns of the samples indicate the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structure. SEM micrographs show that grain size increases with increasing zinc content and sintering temperature. The elemental composition of these ferrites was analyzed by EDS. Lattice constant increases with increase in zinc content, obeying Vegard’s law. The effect of composition and sintering temperature on initial permeability as the function of frequency and temperature was studied. The initial permeability of NiZn ferrite increases greatly with increasing Zn content and sintering temperature. The dependence of initial permeability with respect to temperature shows the decrease in the Curie point with increase in zinc content, is the normal behavior of ferrites. The relative loss factor (tand

Horizontal vibration suppression method suitable for super‐high‐speed elevators

Horizontal vibrations of elevator cars mainly occur because a car swings as roller guides installed at corners of a car frame move on a winding guide rail at high speeds. Rider comfort in high‐speed elevators is worsened by these vibrations. Conventional active dampers suppressing horizontal vibrations using ac servomotors make cars heavier so driving power becomes larger, and they are not easily applied to existing elevators. An active damping control method suited to super‐high‐speed elevators is described which can solve these problems. The method suppresses vibrations by generating only enough magnetic force needed to suppress them only when vibrations of the car frame are produced. The vibrations are detected using acceleration detectors and magnets installed on the left and right sides of the car frame. A computer simulator was made to analyze phenomena of car vibrations and to verify effects of the proposed magnetic damping controller. It was found that the vibrations generated on the cabin floor were remarkably large when the left and right sides at the upper and lower parts of the car frame were swung by sine waves with the same phase. The vibrations had two resonant modes. Results obtained with the computer simulator and a full‐scale running simulator showed that the acceleration on the cabin floor, even at the resonant frequencies, could be reduced by the magnetic damping control to around 0.1 m/s² which would provide a comfortable ride. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn, 129(1): 59–73, 1999     

3次谐波谐振电路在桥式射频电源中的应用研究

在桥式射频电源中接入3次谐波谐振电路,用于改善MOSFET的快速开关状态。通过在桥式逆变器的交流端连接3次谐波谐振电路,将3次类正弦波电流叠加于正弦负载电流上,从而实现对MOSFET输出电容的快速充电或放电,使MOSFET适用于更高的工作频率。对2 MHz/2 k W射频电源进行仿真分析,其结果表明:接入3次谐波谐振电路不仅减少了MOSFET的换向时间,而且降低了MOSFET的开关损耗;同时,死区和3次谐波谐振电路品质因数对电路的影响分析,验证了3次谐波谐振电路的可行性和有效性。     

A linearized and low noise CMOS mixer with B‐type amplifier‐based sub‐harmonic balun

A low noise and high linearity down‐conversion CMOS mixer for 2.4‐GHz wireless receiver is presented in this paper. Using a sub‐harmonic balun with a simple but effective B‐type amplifier, the local oscillator frequency required for this mixer has been reduced by half, and the input local oscillator signal could be single‐ended rather than differential, which simultaneously simplifies the design of local oscillator. A distortion and noise cancelation transconductor in association with current bleeding technique is employed to improve the noise and linearity of the entire mixer under a reduced bias current without compromising the voltage gain. Fabricated in a 0.18‐µm RF CMOS technology of Global Foundries, the mixer demonstrates a voltage gain of 15.8 dB and input‐referred third‐order intercept point of 6.6 dBm with a noise figure of 2.6 dB. It consumes 7.65 mA from a 1.0‐V supply and occupies a compact area of 0.75 × 0.71 mm² including all test pads. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Circuit modeling and efficiency analysis for wireless power transfer system with shielding

It is an effective way to use magnetic shielding scheme in magnetic coupled wireless power transfer (WPT) system to reduce magnetic flux leakage. However, the additional shielding material would affect the equivalent circuit model and the power transmission efficiency of WPT system. Although the impact of some common shielding materials on the transmission efficiency has been studied using finite element simulation, there is still a lack of understanding about the impact to the equivalent model in theory. In this paper, the equivalent circuit and transmission efficiency of WPT system are analyzed theoretically under the influence of different shielding materials, and the relationship between material electrical characteristics and transmission efficiency is presented. In our WPT prototype with two 166-mm diameter coils under ferrite shielding and aluminum shielding, the achieved maximum transmission efficiencies are 95.7% for 100-kHz resonant frequency and 97.9% for 1-MHz resonant frequency under the ferrite shielding, and the efficiency errors between the analytical and experimental results are less than 5% for 100-kHz resonant frequency and 10% for 1-MHz resonant frequency.     

Structural and Initial Permeability Studies of Li-Zn-Co Ferrites

A series of cobalt substituted lithium zinc ferrites having the compositional formula Li_0.4–0.5xZn_0.2Co_xFe_2.4–0.5xO₄, where 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.1 in steps of 0.02, was prepared by the citrate precursor method. Structural studies on the prepared samples were carried out by using XRD and SEM measurements. Spinel phase structure of the samples was confirmed by XRD. From the XRD data the lattice parameter and the theoretical density were calculated. The experimental density was also determined using the Archimedes principle. Lattice parameter was observed to increase with increasing Co²⁺ ion concentration. The densification in both the cases, theoretical and experimental, shows an increase with composition. SEM studies carried out show that average grain diameter are in the range of 300 nm–650 nm and a fall is observed with increasing Co²⁺ ion content. The investigation on initial permeability as a function of composition and frequency were also undertaken. It is seen that there is decrease in the value of initial permeability with addition of Co content. The initial permeability and permeability loss show dispersion with frequency. Possible mechanisms contributing to the above processes are discussed.     

A power decoupling control method for an isolated single‐phase AC‐to‐DC converter based on a high‐frequency cycloconverter

This paper proposes a new power decoupling method for a high‐frequency cycloconverter which converts the single‐phase line‐frequency ac input to the high‐frequency ac output directly. The cycloconverter consists of two half‐bridge inverters, two input filter capacitors, and a series‐resonant circuit. The proposed power decoupling method stores the input power ripple at double the line frequency in the filter capacitors. Therefore, the proposed method achieves a unity power factor in ac input and a constant current amplitude in the high‐frequency output without any additional switching device or energy storage element. This paper theoretically discusses the principle and operating performance of the proposed power decoupling method, and the viability is confirmed by using an experimental isolated ac‐to‐dc converter based on the high‐frequency cycloconverter. As a result, the proposed power decoupling method effectively improved the displacement power factor in the line current to more than 0.99 and reduced the output voltage ripple to 4% without any electrolytic capacitor.     

带磁芯的罗柯夫斯基线圈及其应用

介绍带磁芯的罗柯夫斯基线圈(以下简称罗氏线圈)的研究结果及其一些典型的应用,研究表明,带磁芯的罗氏线圈的频带为20Hz～100MHz,灵敏度可在1V/A～1V/kA范围内选择,方波响应上升时间可达1ns左右。