厌氧流化床处理红霉素废水的研究

研究了中温(33～35℃)条件下,厌氧流化床(AFB)反应器处理红霉素废水的运行特性.结果发现:进水COD为6 900 mg/L、HRT为4.4 h时,COD、BOD的去除率分别达到了76.6%、65.9%.最后利用Garrett-Sawyer关系式求出了难生物降解的有机物浓度,并利用Monod模型对实验结果进行了动力学分析,得出了红霉素废水中温条件下厌氧消化过程的基质降解规律.     

三相生物流化床技术现状及其在含油废水处理中的研究进展

作为一种新型的废水生物处理技术,三相生物流化床反应器近年来备受关注。本文从流体力学性能、气液传质特性、反应器结构设计、生物载体等方面对三相生物流化床的技术特点及研究现状进行了综述,表明该类反应器在内部流体力学特征和传质特征方面较其它生物反应器更为复杂,反应器结构、运行参数及载体的选择对处理效果有较大影响;同时总结了其在含油废水处理中的研究成果和进展;最后指出：用于指导反应器结构设计的数学模型的建立及反应器的工程验证仍是该技术今后研究开发的重点。     

射流循环厌氧流化床两相厌氧处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水

设计了射流循环新型厌氧生物流化床反应器(JLAFB),以该反应器为酸化相(或称硫酸盐还原相),厌氧颗粒污泥流化床(AGSFB)为产甲烷相组成两相厌氧工艺处理高浓度硫酸盐有机废水。在培养出耐酸性硫酸盐还原厌氧颗粒污泥基础上,成功实现了硫酸盐还原菌（SRB）和产甲烷菌（MPB）的相分离,消除了SRB对MPB的基质竞争性抑制。在进水SO2-4负荷达12.0 kg·m-3·d-1条件下,JLAFB和AGSFB反应器内硫化物浓度分别为78.3 mg·L-1和92.4 mg·L-1,远小于200 mg·L-1的抑制浓度,消除了硫化物在反应器内的积累和对微生物的毒性作用。在稳态运行条件下,当进水COD和SO2-4负荷分别为26.0和8.5 kg·m-3·d-1时,工艺总的COD和SO2-4去除率分别达到86.9％和97.6％。试验确定工艺的最优运行条件为：进水COD/SO2-4>3.0;碱度为400～500 mg·L-1;JLAFB反应器吹脱气体流量为0.04 L·min-1,水力回流比为5∶1。     

Experimental study of the inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor

A new apparatus, the inverse fluidized bed biofilm reactor, is described. Introduction of the so called inverse fluidized bed, in which low density particles covered by a biofilm are fluidized by downflow of the liquid, allows control of the biofilm thickness and provides a high oxygen concentration in the reacting liquid. Characteristics of the reactor were studied by carrying out two important biotechnological processes: aerobic wastewater treatment by a mixed bacterial culture, and ferrous iron oxidation by the bacteria Thiobacillus ferrooxidans. The bioreaction rates per unit volume of the reactor were up to 14 times higher than those in the equivalent airlift bioreactor. The structure of the liquid flow was determined by a tracer method.     

凹土复合滤料在三相生物流化床中的应用研究

利用凹土、粉煤灰、玻璃粉和漂珠为材料制得复合型凹土悬浮滤料,并作为填料运用于内循环三相生物流化床处理有机废水,同时考察曝气量和水力停留时间对COD和氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明,当曝气量为0.25m3/h时,COD和氨氮的去除率分别高达92.35%和95.13%;水力停留时间为2.0 h时,COD和氨氮的去除率分别高达91.5%和93.2%;所制得复合型凹土悬浮滤料性能良好。     

A/SMBBR组合工艺处理DOP生产废水

以DOP生产废水为研究对象,考察了投加SDC-03生物填料的厌氧/特异性移动床生物膜反应器对废水COD的去除效果,并探讨了进水COD、水力停留时间(HRT)、溶解氧(DO)3个因素对反应器处理性能的影响。结果表明:在水温18~30℃,进水pH为6.0~8.0,COD为2 500~4 000 mg/L,系统水力停留时间(HRT)为5 d的操作条件下,出水COD可稳定在100 mg/L以下,平均去除率为97.1%,最高可达98.39%。该废水处理工艺运行稳定,各项出水水质指标均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)三级排放标准的要求。     

厌氧折流板反应器在废水处理中的研究与应用

综述了国内外厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)应用于废水处理的研究进展,从ABR的启动和进水方式、出水循环和增设填料、处理低浓度和高浓度废水等方面分析了ABR的特点和优缺点,并在此基础上提出了今后ABR的研究发展方向。     

Kinetic study of an anaerobic fluidized bed system used for the purification of fermented olive mill wastewater

The anaerobic digestion of olive mill wastewater (OMW) in a fluidized bed, pretreated with Geotrichum candidum, has been studied. The bioreactor used (volume = 3.5 dm³; biomass concentration = 11.5 g VSS dm^?3) maintained satisfactory operation for 4 to 35 days, in terms of hydraulic retention time, and removed 92% of the initial COD. The system was used to develop and test a kinetic model which was subsequently employed to determine growth yield and maintenance coefficient. From the results obtained, the Michaelis-Menten equation accurately described the substrate uptake (i.e. COD removal) in the anaerobic fluidized bed system. Pretreatment of the OMW was found to increase the rate of substrate uptake by a factor of 3.2 when compared to untreated OMW.     

厌氧折流板反应器处理退浆废水的启动研究

对采用厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)处理难降解退浆废水的启动过程进行了研究.实验结果表明:经过90 d的运行,反应器在32～34℃、上流速度8 m/h、水力停留时间6 d、COD容积负荷1.80 kg/(m3·d)的条件下,COD去除率达到55%以上,启动成功.出水COD稳定在4 500 mg/L左右,碱度约为700～850 mg/L.运行情况表明,启动初期反应器各隔室的pH变化较大,有效控制pH是系统启动成功的关键.启动后期,各隔室pH稳定在6.8～7.3之间,挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)质量浓度为300～500mg/L.随着隔室的横向推移,污泥的SS、VSS和SS/VSS不断增大,推测反应器中厌氧微生物相分离现象显著.     

生物流化床处理废水的研究进展

生物流化床技术因具有处理效率高、容积负荷大、传质速度快、应用范围广等优点受到了广泛的关注。介绍了近年来国内外生物流化床技术在废水处理中的应用研究情况,并指出了生物流化床技术目前存在的主要问题及今后的发展方向。     

高效传质厌氧流化床处理高浓度精对苯二甲酸废水的快速启动研究

针对厌氧流化床启动慢等缺点,采用递增负荷的方式进行启动,以自制载体进行实验,快速提高进水COD质量浓度。在高效传质的条件下,经过34 d系统启动成功,此时进水COD质量浓度高达4 000 mg/L左右,反应器的容积负荷达9.14kg/(m3.d),PTA废水的COD去除率达到58%,TA去除率达到45%。对载体进行扫描电镜分析(SEM)得知,微生物主要附着在载体裂缝和凹槽中,且形成的生物膜具有良好的机械性能和抗冲击负荷能力。     

内电解-厌氧-好氧工艺处理染料化工废水的研究

研究了高浓度和高色度的有机染化废水在内电解 -厌氧 -好氧组合工艺下的处理效果及其影响因素。结果表明 ,内电解 -厌氧 -好氧组合工艺应用在高浓度、高色度 (COD为 6 0 0 0～ 70 0 0mg/L ,色度 >10 0 0 0倍 )染化废水处理中具有较高的COD和色度去除率。在全工艺流程下 ,COD、色度的去除率均达到 92 %以上     

Phenolic wastewater treatment in a three‐phase fluidised bed bioreactor containing low density particles

The treatment of phenolic wastewater was investigated in a gas–liquid–solid fluidised bed bioreactor containing polypropylene particles of density 910 kg m^?3. Measurements of chemical oxygen demand (COD) versus residence time (t) were performed for various ratios of settled bed volume to bioreactor volume (V_b/V_R) and air velocities (u) to determine the values of (V_b/V_R) and u for which the largest reduction in COD occurred. Optimal operation, corresponding to the largest COD removal, was attained when the bioreactor was controlled at the ratio (V_b/V_R) = 0.55 and an air velocity u = 0.036 m s^?1. Under these conditions, the value of COD was practically at steady state for times greater than 50 h. At this steady state, only about 50% COD removal was achieved in the treatment of a ‘raw’ wastewater (no mineral salts added), whereas in the operation with wastewater enriched in nutrient salts approximately 90% COD removal was attained. The following amount of mineral salts (mg dm^?3): (NH₄)₂SO₄—500; KH₂PO₄—200; MgCl₂—30; NaCl—30; CaCl₂—20; and FeCl₃—7, when added to wastewater before treatment, was sufficient for biomass growth. The application of low density particles (used as biomass support) in a bioreactor allowed the control of biomass loading in the apparatus. In the cultures conducted after change in (V_b/V_R) at a set u, the steady state mass of cells grown on the particles was achieved after approximately 6 days of operation. With change in u at a set (V_b/V_R), the new steady state biomass loading occurred after culturing for about 2 days. Phenolic wastewater was successfully treated in a bioreactor. In the operation conducted in a bioreactor optimally controlled at (V_b/V_R) = 0.55, u = 0.036 m s^?1 and t = 50 h, conversions greater than 99% were achieved for all phenolic constituents of the wastewater. Conversions of about 90% were attained for other hydrocarbons. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

内循环三相生物流化床处理废水研究进展

简述了内循环三相生物流化床反应器的工作原理和工艺特性,综述了内循环三相生物流化床反应器的研究现状以及在废水处理领域中的应用实例,并分析了未来需要努力的方向。     

流化床与沸腾床内部微生物群落演变与分析

用流化床反应器和沸腾床反应器处理焦化废水,对两种反应器运行效能及微生物群落变化进行对比研究。结果表明,提高污泥负荷后流化床COD去除率优于沸腾床反应器。提高进水污泥负荷对沸腾床内微生物的冲击更大,致使其种群丰富程度下降明显。研究结果证明,流化床在宏观去除率、维持菌种丰富度方面具有较大优势。     

厌氧光生物转盘-好氧生物膜处理偶氮染料废水

利用厌氧光生物转盘-好氧移动床膜生物反应器处理偶氮染料废水,探讨了染料浓度、光照时间、供氧条件、硫酸盐浓度4个操作条件对组合工艺处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,厌氧光生物转盘对染料废水的脱色和COD去除起主要作用,当光生物转盘连续光照时间为12h／d,废水中染料质量浓度为100mg／L,HRT为5h时,光生物转盘的脱色率达90％左右,COD去除率达70％左右。经过后续好氧移动床处理,厌氧出水中的有毒芳香化合物得到有效降解,系统总COD去除率达90％以上。     

炼油废水生物流化床处理工业应用研究

介绍了一套有效体积为150m3、高径比为3.3的多导流筒生物流化床反应器工业试验装置,应用复合载体及生物菌群处理洛阳炼油厂炼油废水。用一级生化及一级沉淀两级工序代替原工艺六级组合工序。在反应温度为35℃,pH值为7,气液比为20∶1,水力停留时间为6.5h的优化试验条件下,使处理后废水中化学需氧量(COD)和氨氮(NH3-N)降解率分别大于85%和90%,即COD<100mg/L,NH3-N质量浓度<10mg/L,优于国家一级排放标准(GB8978—1996)。新工艺的占地面积、停留时间、产泥量及每吨水运行费用分别是老工艺的1/10、1/3、1/3和2/3。     

A mathematical model for a biological fluidized bed reactor

A physical model is given in the present report for representing a three-phase biological fluidized bed reaction system which consists of microorganism-coated particles, waste water and air. The system is assumed to be well fluidized. The physical model can be represented by two differential equations describing, respectively, the substrate axial dispersion and diffusion/reaction. Numerical values of the physical parameters are selected from the literature or estimated from semi-empirical equations. The governing system equations are solved by an iterative finite-difference scheme. The theoretical predictions are compared with several experimental measurements and the agreement between them found to be very good, validating the physical model reported here.     

厌氧生物法处理皂素废水的试验研究

采用UASB厌氧反应器处理高浓度皂素废水,试验结果表明,当温度控制在35～40℃、pH在6.8～7.5之间、COD容积负荷保持在6.0kg/(m3.d)时,COD去除率可达到90%以上。