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柴油机排气后处理技术的研究进展及存在的问题 总被引:12,自引:5,他引:7
简要介绍了国内外柴油机排气后处理最新技术及其应用现状 ,阐述了它们各自的特点以及有待改进的方面 ,并对满足未来超低排放法规的柴油机排气后处理技术进行了展望。 相似文献
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氮氧化物(NOx)是一种主要的大气污染物。在石化炼油企业中,催化流化再生装置(FCC)是NOx排放的主要来源。介绍了FCC再生装置中NOx的生成机理.认为再生过程中生成的NOx主要来自裂解过程中沉积在催化剂表面的含氮化合物的氧化。现有的控制技术包括原料的预处理、设计新型的再生器、添加deNOx助剂、安装独立的尾气净化装置等,其中添加deNOx助剂的方法具有使用方便、投资小等特点,被认为是最有前景的FCC再生装置NOx控制技术。 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(88):37648-37667
Compression ignition (CI) engines used in the transportation sector operates on fossil diesel and is one of the biggest causes of air pollution. Numerous studies were carried out over last two decades to substitute the fossil diesel with biofuels so that the net carbon dioxide (CO2) emission can be minimized. However, the engine performance with these fuel was sub-standard and there were many long-term issues. Therefore, many researchers inducted hydrogen along with the biofuels. The present study gives an outlook on the effect of hydrogen addition with biodiesel/vegetable oil from various sources in CI engine. Engine parameters (brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption), combustion parameters (in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate) and emission parameters (unburned hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and smoke emissions) were evaluated in detail. The results show that hydrogen induction in general improves the engine performance as compared to biodiesel/vegetable oil but it is similar/lower than diesel. Except NOx emissions all other emissions showed a decreasing trend with hydrogen addition. To counter this effect numerous after-treatment systems like selective catalytic reduction (SCR), exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), selective non-catalytic reduction system (SNCR) and non-selective catalytic reduction system (NSCR) were proposed by researchers which were also studied in this review. 相似文献
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Urea基础的SCR可以满足欧Ⅳ、欧Ⅴ的NOx排放要求。轻型和重型货车只有使用催化装置才能达到排放法规。一般讲,轻型货车使用低温催化剂,而重型货车采用高温催化剂和高空速比。通过对Fe沸石、Cu沸石在工作温度范围、NO2/NOx比例、伴生N2O等方面的特性进行了详细比较。得出结论:在低温条件下,Cu沸石的活性更好;在高温条件下,Fe沸石的活性更好。 相似文献
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以90#无铅汽油为基础油,按照50/0、100/0、150/0、200/0(体积分数)的甲基叔丁基醚/汽油混合燃料中的氧含量,配制出相应氧含量的碳酸二甲酯(DMC)/汽油混合燃料,分析研究了不同掺混比例的DMC/汽油混合燃料对电喷汽油机排放特性的影响及三效催化器的净化效率.研究结果表明,在不改变汽油机任何参数的情况下,小负荷时,汽油机燃用DMC/汽油混合燃料,CO和THC排放都有明显改善,尤其当添加比例为1.20/0(体积分数)时,CO和THC排放与基础油相比分别降低约450/0和200/0.然而,在中、高负荷时,随着DMC掺混比的增大,CO和THC排放改善不明显.当添加比例达到4.70/0(体积分数)时,在低速和高速工况下,NOx排放降低约200/0.三效催化器对CO和THC的平均净化效率超过900/0,而对NOx的净化效率相对低一些,仅为300/0.三效催化器的净化效率与DMC的含量和发动机的工作状态有关. 相似文献
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Willian Czar Nadaleti Grzegorz Przybya Vitor Alves Loureno Paulo Belli Filho 《Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining》2019,13(4):1028-1043
This work compares two studies in which the spark ignition gas engine test was used with typical biogases generated in the rice industry: Bio70 (Study 1), Bio65 (Study 2), Syngas1 and Syngas2 (in both studies). Methane (Study 1) and natural gas (Study 2) were also used. From these studies, three different ignition advance angles were chosen: 20°, 35°, and 55°, to compare and analyze the effects of these fuels and their mixtures inside the engine. The emissions were also evaluated using a three‐way catalytic converter connected to the engine. Study 1 demonstrated lower CO and hydrocarbon (HC) emissions than Study 2 for all conditions and all fuels, whereas NOx emissions varied according to the engine operating conditions (λ and ignition advance angle). Except in the case of the syngases, Study 1 demonstrated higher indicated efficiency, electrical efficiency, and electrical power than Study 2. After the use of the three‐way catalytic converter, HC and CO emissions were strongly reduced for all fuels and in different operational conditions. On the other hand, because the efficiency of the catalytic converter decreases abruptly in mixtures rich in NOx, this pollutant was not removed when λ > 1. The comparison of the two studies and the emissions after the use of a catalytic converter is important as it shows specific ways to improve the use and efficiency of the fuels to encourage the development of renewable energy both in industry and in the transport sector. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd 相似文献
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基于便携式车载排放测试系统(portable emission measurement system,PEMS),对某型号重型柴油车进行实际道路排放测试,分别利用车辆比功率(VSP)和车辆牵引力(VA)对NO_x排放值进行拟合。以这两个因子作为输入参数,应用自适应学习速率法改进后的双隐含层反向传播(BP)神经网络来训练和预测NO_x的排放情况。与原BP网络预测情况相比,预测值与实际值的皮尔逊相关系数提高了0.113 6,相对误差降低了0.662 1%,改进后的神经网络预测准确度有所提升,泛化能力较强,可以用于该款重型柴油车NOx排放的实时预测,具有一定的工程应用价值。 相似文献
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Anna-Karin Hjalmarsson 《国际能源研究杂志》1990,14(8):813-820
The paper gives a discussion of the regulatory framework currently being used to limit nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions, with emphasis being placed on EC and UN measures. It then follows with a discussion of the procedures being adopted at present to control or limit these emissions. The topics discussed include combustion modification measures, new combustion technologies, flue gas treatment, selective catalytic reduction, selective noncatalytic reduction and combined SOx/NOx processes. 相似文献
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由于生物质循环流化床(CFB)燃烧不稳定,为实现负荷波动过程中机组NOx的动态预测,从锅炉燃烧机理切入,建立了氧量模型与即燃碳模型;对炉内NOx自生成与自还原机理进行分析,并结合数学建模的方法,建立了NOx动态排放模型.进行给料量、二次风量开环阶跃试验;分析NOx排放与氧量耦合情况,采用简化对角解耦与前馈补偿解耦法解除耦合.结合某130 t/h生物质CFB实际运行数据进行仿真试验.结果表明:模型拥有较好的预测效果,能反映氧量及NOx排放过程的动态特性,可实现给料量控制NOx排放质量浓度、二次风控制氧体积分数的单回路控制,所设计的NOx排放质量浓度模型及解耦控制方法可以为今后生物质CFB机组适应动态运行以及智能控制策略设计提供参考. 相似文献
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Deepak Yadav Pratichi Singh Ram Prasad 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2018,43(10):5346-5357
The present state of the art to control the vehicular NOx emissions, uses costly VWTi catalysts with urea solution as reductant, which work at higher temperature >200 °C. The present investigation is therefore, devoted to design a detailed experimental work to synthesize low cost and improved low-temperature SCR activity of MnCo2O4 catalyst by comparing preparation methods, calcination strategies and using different reductants in a wide range of temperature 50–450 °C. The catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation (CP) and nanocasting (NC) methods. For selection of the best catalyst, its precursor was calcined in stagnant air, flowing air and under reactive calcination (RC) in CO-air mixture. The SCR of NO was studied using various reductants (H2, LPG and H2-LPG) in a tubular reactor under the following conditions: 200 mg catalyst, 500 ppm NO, 8% O2, 1000 ppm LPG, 1% H2, 0.1% NH3 in Ar with a total flow rate of 100 mL/min. The inlet and outlet of the reactor were analyzed with the help of NO/NO2/NOx analyzer and gas chromatography. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, SEM-EDX and FTIR. The catalyst prepared by NC method followed by RC route (Cat-R) exhibited the best NO reduction of 98.7% below 200 °C with H2-LPG-SCR. The exceptionally high activity with high N2 selectivity and good stability of Cat-R under the laboratory conditions were found. Characterization signified that the catalyst which exhibited oxygen deficient, higher surface area and the higher rate of LPG oxidation consequently have better SCR activity. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(36):16297-16308
Hydrogen internal combustion engines (ICE) will play an important role in reducing carbon emissions, but low power density and abnormal combustion problems are the main obstacles restricting the promotion of hydrogen ICE. Ammonia is a low-reactivity renewable fuel. The purpose of this study is to study the effect of different ammonia-added volume fractions on hydrogen ICE. In this experimental study, the combustion and emission characteristics of an engine fueled by a hydrogen/ammonia mixture were evaluated at part-load operating conditions. The experiment was carried out on a modified engine, the engine speed was 1300 rpm, the absolute pressure of the manifold was 61 kPa, and the volume fraction of ammonia added was 5.2%, 7.96%, and 10.68%, respectively. The test results show that the addition of ammonia changes the combustion characteristics of hydrogen. As the volume fraction of ammonia added increases, the flame development period and flame propagation period are both prolonged, and the peak heat release rate decreases. The addition of ammonia increases the power of the engine and reduces the indicated thermal efficiency. At the ignition timing of the maximum braking torque, as the volume fraction of ammonia added increases, the indicated mean effective pressure and indicated thermal efficiency increase. Adding ammonia volume fraction has little effect on Nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, and NOx emissions gradually increase with the delay of ignition timing. 相似文献
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《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2023,48(44):16885-16896
In the ongoing efforts to reduce CO2 and pollutant emissions, hydrogen combustion engine can provide immediately available mature technology for carbon-free transportation. Hydrogen combustion does not produce on-site CO2 emissions, the principal pollutant is NOx (which can be minimized using appropriate combustion control and aftertreatment), and the available ICE technology can be readily modified to accommodate for hydrogen use. The paper provides a prediction of the performance of a hydrogen combustion engine in passenger vehicles, aiming at extending or updating the available research with the current powertrain trends, namely downsizing, turbocharging, and hybridization. Data gathered from a single-cylinder engine fueled by a lean hydrogen mixture are used as input into a mild hybrid vehicle model, which is used for quasi-static drive cycle simulations. The results show NOx emission around the EURO VI limit without the use of any aftertreatment and fuel consumption as low as 1.1 kgH2/100 km in WLTC. 相似文献
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介绍了8DKM28柴油机的设计目标及主要零件的技术改进,通过这些改进,该型柴油机的运转和排放性能得到提高,燃油消耗率和机油消耗率降低,彻底解决了原型机(8DLM28柴油机)NOx排放不能达标的问题。 相似文献
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燃煤电站锅炉NOx排放的控制措施 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
基于我国燃煤电站锅炉NOx排放的实际情况,在对影响其NOx排放各因素进行分析的基础上,细化了低氧燃烧、空气分级燃烧、低NOx燃烧器和燃料分级燃烧技术在我国电站锅炉的应用,指出锅炉设计中应尽可能选用切向燃烧方式,将再燃技术应用于降低燃用低挥发分煤的固态排渣电站锅炉设计和改造中以进一步降低NOx排放并满足国家标准的要求,锅炉运行中尽量减小各喷口风粉量的偏差,合理组织沿炉膛水平方向和高度方向(倒梯形、缩腰形等)的分级燃烧实现降低NOx排放的最佳效果. 相似文献
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车用柴油机排放NOx催化还原净化初探 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
简要分析柴油机NOx的产生机理、控制方法;比较各种柴油机NOx催化还原净化技术的特点;根据车用柴油机工作要求,确定了适合车用柴油机NOx净化的NH3—SCR方法,进行发动机台架实验,分析了实验结果。 相似文献