扭曲椭圆管换热的壳程强化传热特性

通过搭建扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能测试平台,对扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能进行了实验测试,以实验数据为基础对前人得到的壳程传热与压降性能计算准则关系式的应用范围进行了分析,同时拟合得到了测试用扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程传热与压降性能计算准则关系式,设计了与测试扭曲椭圆管换热器结构类似的折流板换热器以及折流杆换热器,采用相关计算方法对换热器的传热与压降性能进行了计算和比较,并分析了3台换热器的综合性能,结果显示扭曲椭圆管换热器传热效果好、压降低,具有很好的工业应用前景。     

双喷嘴矩形导流管喷动床喷动压降

引言 传统的柱锥形喷动床(CSBs)的应用受到一些因素的限制,例如处理物料能力、起始压力大及难以放大等,为此,Romankov等[1]最早提出了长方形截面的矩形喷动床结构,来克服CSBs的缺点.此后,Rocha等[2]用矩形喷动床进行了片剂包衣的研究.     

小尺度管壳式换热器流场的数值分析

针对小尺度管壳式换热器的管间距选取问题,建立三维模型,基于Simple算法,采用SST k-ω湍流模型,结合有限体积法对控制方程进行离散,在管径d不变的情况下,分别针对管间距a=1.2d,a=1.4d和a=2.0d 3种不同的管间距工况对壳侧流场的分布及阻力变化进行了研究。由于管路附近的速度梯度较大,为了提高计算的精度,进行局部的网格细化,最终对比了不同模型的流场模拟效果。结果表明:阻力和湍流强度随着管间距的增大而减小,应按照压降的减小比例小于平均湍流强度的减小比例为原则来选取a的值。对于这种小尺度的流场模拟,采取实验的方法将受到极大的限制,通过大型商用流体仿真软件来模拟计算,为工程实际设计提供参考的依据。     

多头螺旋管式换热器换热与压降计算

从实际工程设计出发,对多头螺旋管式换热器的设计进行了研究,提出了多头螺旋管束受热面结构的设计方法,推荐了螺旋管内外的传热系数和压降的计算关系式。并对200MW蒸汽发生器进行了实例设计计算。     

双喷嘴矩形导流管喷动床脱硫性能的研究

针对半干法烟气脱硫方法,提出了一种新型的双喷嘴矩形导流管喷动床半干法烟气脱硫装置。在不同的钙硫摩尔比、静床层高度、表观气速、绝热饱和温差下,以消石灰为脱硫剂,研究了该装置的脱硫性能,并与未加导流管的双喷嘴矩形喷动床的脱硫性能进行了比较;研究了不同脱硫剂流量下导流管喷动床的喷动压降。实验结果表明:脱硫率与钙硫摩尔比、静床层高度成正比,与绝热饱和温差、表观气速成反比;喷动压降与脱硫剂流量成反比。并最终得出了实验条件下双喷嘴矩形导流管喷动床的最佳操作范围和脱硫率关联式。     

螺旋扭曲扁管换热器传热与流阻性能试验研究

对4种不同结构的螺旋扭曲扁管换热器的管程和壳程传热与流阻性能进行了试验研究,并和采用圆管作为换热管的弓形折流板换热器进行了比较,根据试验数据回归出反映螺旋扭曲扁管换热器管程和壳程传热与流阻特性的关联式。研究结果表明,螺旋扭曲扁管换热器管程与壳程都有较好的强化传热性能,螺旋扭曲扁管的几何尺寸和流体Re对其管、壳程传热与流阻性能有重要影响。     

并流多通道管壳式换热器壳侧流场数值研究

采用多孔介质-分布阻力模型,对一种新型并流多通道进出口结构(MPC)轴流管壳式换热器壳程流场进行数值研究.在传热管长6.0 m不变,分别针对长径比L/D=2.0和L/D=1.5二种情况,研究Re和通道数N对壳侧流场的分布及阻力变化规律.结果表明:在相同的Re和L/D下,随着N的增加,壳程的流场分布不均现象得到有效的遏制...     

管壳式换热器的研究进展与方向

从管程强化和壳程强化两方面论述了管壳式换热器强化传热技术的机理,指出了管壳式换热器今后发展中的主要方向;同时对换热器的防腐措施以及改进动向作了介绍。     

带有Kenics静态混合器的水平液固两相流化床换热管的压降研究

以饱和硫酸钙为介质,在安装Kenics静态混合器的水平液固两相流化床换热管上进行实验研究,考察介质流速、Kenics静态混合器扭率、颗粒体积分数及颗粒尺寸对压降的影响,并与冷态实验条件下的压降变化规律进行比较。结果表明：同等操作条件,安装Kenics静态混合器后压降比安装前提高20%～140%;压降随雷诺数的增大而增大,随Kenics静态混合器扭率的增大而减小;颗粒体积分数对压降也有影响。根据实验数据,得出了稳定操作条件下压降与上述影响因素之间的经验关联式,为带有Kenics静态混合器的水平液固两相流化床换热器的设计提供计算依据。     

扭曲椭圆管换热器技术进展及其应用

介绍了扭曲管换热器的结构特点、强化传热机理,总结了关于扭曲管换热器管程以及壳程流场的分析,同时介绍了相关分析方法和研究成果,同时从换热器设计制造的角度,对目前已有的扭曲管换热器管程、壳程传热计算公式进行了总结和分析,在扭曲椭圆管换热器目前研究状况的基础上,介绍了某厂采用扭曲椭圆管凝汽器的运行效果,结果表明:在一定情况下,扭曲管换热器的冷凝换热效果同样优于传统的折流板换热器,具有很好的推广应用前景。     

Study of the hydrodynamics within a draft tube spouted bed system

Two dimensional Darcy and Ergun models are used to describe the hydrodynamics within the annulus of a spouted bed equipped with a draft tube. Experimental pressure and stream function data for water spouting are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Verification of a general spout-annulus interfacial boundary condition is also established and it is shown that the entry region below the draft tube functions as a classical spouted bed. In addition, an experimental procedure for determining the location of the spout-annulus interface is presented. Fluid residence time distributions are calculated for a few cases of practical interest.     

高效复合强化换热器的管程性能

通过搭建内螺纹扭曲椭圆管复合强化管换热器传热与压降性能测试平台,对内螺纹扭曲椭圆管复合强化管换热器的管程传热和流阻性能进行了实验研究,以实验数据为基础拟合得到其对流传热系数和流动摩擦阻力系数与管内流体Reynolds数的计算准则关系式,将内螺纹扭曲椭圆管与光滑圆管、内螺纹圆管、光滑扭曲管的管程传热、流阻以及综合性能进行对比分析,结果显示内螺纹扭曲管流动阻力略高于其他类型的换热管,传热效果和综合性能明显优于其他类型换热管。内螺纹扭曲管作为一种内螺纹和扭曲扁管强化传热技术的叠加技术,强化传热效果明显,具有重要的工程应用价值。     

液固外循环流化床换热器主压降的实验研究

以喷嘴为颗粒循环装置的液固外循环流化床换热器为研究对象,考察颗粒直径、口径比、喷嘴安装位置、颗粒初始加入量及流体黏度对主压降的影响,得出了稳定操作情况下,液固外循环流化床换热器主压降与上述因素之间的经验关联式,计算值与实验值吻合较好,为外循环流化床换热器的设计计算提供依据。     

纵流式换热器壳侧支撑方式的数值研究

提出了一种纵流式换热器壳侧交错短杆支撑方式,并对光滑传热管束的交错短杆、短管、方形折流杆3种管间支承方式及波纹管束自支承、混合管束自支承方式,在流动与传热充分发展区段,采用湍流模型、六面体网格,运用商业软件FLUENT进行了三维数值计算。对各种支撑方式在不同的支撑间距（Ls=4.56和9.13）、不同的Reynolds数（Re＝2630、13150、26300、52600）下的传热特性、流动阻力特性、支撑的可靠性进行了优化研究。得出了各种支撑方式的壳侧Nu、压降及综合指标-h/（LΔp）与Re的关系。     

Hydrodynamics of a gas-driven gas-liquid-solid spouted bed with a draft tube

A cylindrical gas-liquid-solid spouted bed, driven exclusively by gas flow, has been developed with a high potential for use in biochemical processes, such as a biological wastewater treatment. A plexiglass column with a 152 mm inner diameter was used in combination with a 53 mm inner diameter plexiglass draft tube. Three particle types were studied with densities ranging from 1044 kg/m³-1485 kg/m³ and average particle sizes ranging from 0.7-2.5 mm. Four flow regimes were observed when increasing the gas velocity, including fixed bed, semispouted bed, full spouted bed, and internal circulating fluidized bed. The transition gas velocities between those regimes were experimentally measured and termed as minimum spouting velocity, full spouting velocity, and minimum circulating velocity, respectively. A measurement of the downward particle flux in the annulus was used to identify the minimum spouting velocity, while the particle velocity and dense phase retraction in the annulus were monitored for the full spouting and minimum circulating velocities. All regime transition velocities increased with more dense particles and longer draft tubes. The minimum spouting velocity and full spouting velocity were not affected when varying the nozzle-tube gap, while the minimum circulating velocity increased with longer nozzle-tube gaps. Experiments without a draft tube were carried, though the spouting stability was significantly reduced without the draft tube.     

网纹内管双套管双管板安全型换热器的传热性能

以网纹内管型双套管双管板安全型换热器为研究对象,采用内外管接触面积当量法,将网纹内管与外管内壁的接触面积当量成对应接触面积的直槽管;借助计算流体力学（CFD）软件采用数值模拟的方法对内管为当量的直槽管换热器传热性能进行了研究,换热器管壳两侧的介质均为水,分别将空气和水两种介质填充至隔绝腔内,模拟不同入口流量条件下传热特性;引入接触修正系数,在传统传热系数经验公式的基础上,结合网纹管模型特点,获得网纹内管安全型换热器传热系数计算公式,并对不同工况下换热器的传热系数进行理论计算;建立网纹内管安全型换热器传热特性评价实验台。结果表明：内外管接触面积当量法在处理网纹内管安全型换热器传热特性时具有可行性,基于接触修正系数的传热系数工程经验公式计算结果可靠;数值模拟结果、理论计算结果及实验结果具有较好的吻合趋势;隔绝腔介质分别为水及空气时,网纹内管的传热效率比内管为光管分别提高约24%和40%。     

管壳式换热器流体流动与耦合传热的数值模拟

结合化工行业中使用的某型号管壳式换热器的结构图和工艺参数,对换热器的结构进行了合理的简化,利用ANSYS参数化建模方法建立了管壳式换热器的参数化模型。在ANSYS FLUENT14.0数值模拟软件中对换热器的流体流动以及耦合传热进行了数值模拟,得到管程和壳程流体的流速分布、压降情况、温度场变化的细节信息。该工作对于设计传热效率高、流体阻力小的换热器进行了有益探索。     

Numerical and experimental analyses of anti‐fouling and heat transfer in the heat exchanger with circulating fluidized bed

Fluidized bed type heat exchangers are known to increase the heat transfer and prevent the fouling. For proper design of circulating fluidized bed heat exchanger it is important to know the effect of design and operating parameters on the bed to the wall heat transfer coefficient. The numerical analysis by using CFX 11.0 commercial code was done for proper design of the heat exchanger. The present experimental studies were also conducted to investigate the effects of circulating solid particles on the characteristics of fluid flow, heat transfer, and cleaning effect in the fluidized bed vertical shell and tube type heat exchanger with counterflow, at which a variety of solid particles such as glass (3 mmØ), aluminum (2–3 mmØ), steel (2–2.5 mmØ), copper (2.5 mmØ), and sand (2–4 mmØ) were used in the fluidized bed with a smooth tube. Seven different solid particles have the same volume, and the effects of various parameters such as water flow rates, particle diameter, materials, and geometry were investigated. The present experimental and numerical results showed that the flow velocity range for collision of particles to the tube wall was higher with heavier density solid particles, and the increase in heat transfer was in the order of sand, copper, steel, aluminum, and glass. This behaviour might be attributed to the parameters such as surface roughness or particle heat capacity. Fouling examination using 25,500 ppm of ferric oxide (Fe₂O₃) revealed that the tube inside wall is cleaned by a mild and continuous scouring action of fluidized solid particles. The fluidized solid particles not only keep the surface clean, but they also breakup the boundary layer improving the heat transfer coefficient even at low‐fluid velocities.     

变螺旋角对新型螺旋折流板换热器的性能影响

新型螺旋折流板换热器采用折面折流板代替平面折流板,消除了换热器壳程相邻折流板搭接形成的三角漏流区,进而增强了传热效果。文中分别对螺旋角度为18°,27°,35°和40°,搭接量均为50%的(e=50%)新型螺旋折面折流板换热器进行了实验研究并分析其传热和阻力性能。实验结果表明:螺旋角为18°的螺旋折面折流板换热器传热性能最好,以Nu/f1/3作为综合性能评价指标时,其综合性能最优。     

旋流网板换热器强化传热机理分析

主要分析了用于硫酸转化系统气体换热的旋流网板换热器中旋流片强化传热的机理,在实验研究基础上,应用周期性单元流道模型,数值模拟了空心环和旋流片支撑时的流体湍流流动和传热性能。结果表明,旋流片能迫使流体做强烈的三维螺旋运动,增强流体湍流度,同时使流体冲刷壁面,减薄边界层,其传热效果优于空心环。旋流片产生的自旋流具有高效低阻的优势,其强化传热综合性能优于空心环。