Workflow analysis with communication norms

The language/action perspective (LAP) as orginally introduced by Winograd and Flores has inspired several tools and information system design methodologies. The goal of this article is to make the communication norms underlying various LAP workflow loop models (DEMO, ActionWorkflow) explicit and to contrast them with the auditing norms of internal control. It appears that the communicative action paradigm embedded in DEMO and the customer satisfaction orientation of ActionWorkflow lead to norms which resemble the ones required by internal control, but there are some important differences. For that reason, we propose an extended workflow loop model that distinguishes between customer relations and agency relations. Whereas current LAP approaches do not take agency relations explicitly into account, the extended workflow loop model allows us to analyze the effects of delegation on communicative processes. A framework is offered for the normative analysis of workflows based on a number of formalized communication norms.     

Integrating Contexts to Support Coordination: The CHAOS Project

The paper reports on the outcomes of the CHAOS project whose aim was the development of a computer-based tool for coordinating activities not organized in a structured flow of work. In CHAOS coordination is achieved by negotiating commitments within conversations. The paper illustrates the conceptual foundation on which the prototype is based and its main functionalities. The latter are organized into four logical modules that are responsible of the management of the information concerning the communication, operation, organization and linguistic contexts, respectively, in which the communication occurs. The paper presents achievements and limits of the project and positions its aims and outcomes in relation to the recent debate about the Coordinator.     

Categories,disciplines, and social coordination

Lucy Suchman's paper, Do categories have politics, challenges the validity of speech act theory as a basis for computer systems for workflow support. Suchman fears that the explicitiness of the theory leads to undue discipline when it is applied in practice. Her fear is grounded in a misunderstanding of what it means to use such a theory, and this paper clarifies the difference between formal comprehensivemodels of behavior and formalstructures used in communication and recording, Explicit speech act theory, like explicit accounting procedures, enforces a kind of uniformity that is necessary in any communication situation where ambiguity and vagueness cannot be routinely resolved through direct personal contact and knowledge. The practicalities of large geographically distributed organizations makes the appropriate use of shared structuring a precondition for effective cooperation.     

图像中基本元素特征点的透视反求及实现

利用透视图的形成原理,对一点透视、两点透视和三点透视的形成原理用矩阵表示的方法作了全面的阐述,并对这三种透视的形成原理进行反推,推导出透视反求的一种基本方法,利用这种基本方法反求出图片的一些特征点的坐标,然后用这些特征点的坐标来完成重建物体的三维模型,并以图像中面、体两种基本元素为例进行了验证。     

关于透视变换的研究

针对透视图形变换中“二点透视图、三点透视图是经过旋转平移方法获得的”的提法进行了研究,认为该提法获得的透视图与二点透视、三点透视的基本概念不相符,实际是属于一点透视下二个灭点,三个灭点的透视图,文中分别给出二点透视图和一点透视下二个灭点的透视图,并进行了论证。     

Computer-based systems that support the structural, social, political and symbolic dimensions of work

The requirements definition needs attention to a number of issues related to the way people understand organisations, do their work and use the tools available to support that work. Most well-known requirements engineering methods focus on technical aspects of work. This paper proposes a way of looking at work situations in order to gain a deep understanding of their inherent complexity. The knowledge obtained will help to define requirements for a computer-based system that supports both explicit and tacit aspects of the organisational work.     

Factors influencing the design of perspective flight path displays for guidance and navigation

Many types of modern commercial aircraft are equipped with an Electronic Flight Instrument System, comprising several programmable displays. The flexibility in information presentation of these systems offers the possibility to improve the pilot-aircraft interface significantly. Future concepts, such as enhanced and synthetic vision, will further increase these possibilities. To benefit from this, research into new display concepts is being performed to allow the pilot to operate in a four-dimensional (4D) air-traffic environment, to provide improved spatial and navigational awareness, and to enable a better transition from supervisory to manual control. A possible display format is the so-called perspective flight path display, which originated approximately 40 years ago. The design of perspective flight path displays for guidance and short-term navigation requires the specification of several parameters. Suitable values for these parameters depend on requirements with respect to range and resolution of the required information, the properties of the positioning and attitude determination system, and the abilities of the human operator with respect to perception, interpretation and evaluation of information. In this paper, a review of the various factors to be considered in the design of perspective flight path displays is presented. The relations between the guidance/short-term navigation task-related requirements and the design parameters of a perspective flight path display are discussed, and the consequences of the differences between today's guidance displays and perspective flight path displays for algorithms controlling the display symbology are explained.     

量点法做透视图规律的提出

透视图是描述工程形体的一种立体图。透视图画法很多,但它的画法一般来说都比较繁琐,不宜掌握,量点法作为透视图最常用的基本画法之一,也是如此。本文作者结合多年的教学经验,总结出根据透视要素按所属量点去画透视图中基透视的规律,以便大家能更好、更快地掌握透视图的画法。     

Technical and management perceptions of enterprise information system importance, implementation and benefits

Abstract.  This paper compares information systems (IS) integration in high-tech organizations from the information technology (IT) and general management perspectives. All the organizations studied have experience of integrated Enterprise Resource Planning systems, and some with their extension to Supply Chain Management and Customer Relationship Management systems. The operational scope of the sample systems, and senior IT and general management perceptions of the importance of their functions, benefits and implementation success factors, obtained by qualitative interviews with 49 senior managers and a quantitative survey of 219 high-tech companies, are described and compared. Although the opinions expressed indicate some mutual hostility, IT and general management perceptions of IS implementation were very similar. IT managements overall importance assessments of business functions were more strongly correlated with their overall level of implementation, and they tended to rate system benefits and system reliability more highly. The significance of these findings is discussed and some suggestions for further investigation, placing them in a wider context, are made. Arguably, the similarities found are more important than the differences.     

中国图学投影理论及其研究

图学论证了在二维平面上绘制三维空间几何形状的图形的方法,是研究 投影法绘制工程图样和解决空间几何问题、理论及方法的技术基础学科。中国是一个具有丰 富图学传统的国家。中国图学的投影理论及其研究在先秦之前已有见端倪,魏晋时期已提出 焦点透视的图学理论,宋元之际,图样绘制之精,投影画法的创新,使图学理论大具。中国 图学的投影理论不仅为中国古代科技的发展提供了信息支撑,也为近代中国图学迅速走向近 现代奠定了理论基础。     

Perspectiva Geometrica

Mark Reynolds presents some drawings and constructions for those whose interests are in systems of perspective, and the role that grid making may have played in the development of perspective in the early Renaissance.     

Current directions in IS security research: towards socio-organizational perspectives

Abstract. The purpose of this paper is to map the current territory of information systems and security research. It uses the Burrell and Morgan framework as an intellectual map to analyse the socio-philosophical concerns in various information systems and security approaches. The paper's contributions are in its analysis of trends in information systems and security research, the former in stressing the socio-organizational perspectives and the latter in criticizing the preponderance of technical solutions. The paper also sets an agenda for a future research emphasis.     

A self-adaptive correction method for perspective distortions of image

Frequently, the shooting angles available to photograph an object are limited, and the resultant images contain perspective distortions. These distortions make more difficult to perform subsequent tasks like feature extraction and information identification. This paper suggested a perspective correction method that extracts automatically distortion features through edge detection. Results showed that this method is powerful in correcting images with perspective distortions. The corrected image has virtually little information missing, clear features and high recovery rate.     

Excel 2002的数据透视功能

Exce1 2002是Office XP的一个重要组件。因其内制了很多函数．所以能够实现对大量数据方便而又快速的处理，其数据透视表的分析能力比专业的数据库管理系统Visual Foxpro和Access的数据分析功能还强。文中主要介绍了：Excel 2002的数据分析和透视功能，重点分析了数据透视表的实质、适用场合、学习要点和使用技巧．并与Visual Foxpro 6.0的交叉表视图作了详细比较。     

Language/Action Meets Organisational Semiotics: Situating Conversations with Norms

Virtual professional communities require a strong co-evolution of their social and information systems. To ensure that the evolutionary process of their socio-technical systems is viable, a legitimate user-driven specification process is required. Such a process helps to ensure the meaningfulness and acceptability of specification changes. A specification method supporting this process should be grounded in the neo-humanist paradigm so that subjectivist and conflict aspects receive proper attention. Two related subfields of information science that have roots in this paradigm are the Language/Action Perspective (LAP) and organisational semiotics (OS). The RENISYS method for specification of the socio-technical systems of virtual professional communities is presented. It combines aspects from both LAP and OS, by building on work done in the DEMO (LAP) and MEASUR (OS) methodologies. It thus provides an operationalization of neo-humanist ideals that can help to extend theoretical and empirical research.     

The Perspective Theory of Zong Bing in the 5~(th) Century of China

1 Introduction The perspective theory, a very important division of mathematics, geometry and technical drawing, is also called central perspective theory in engineering technology. Its appearance and development are closely related to human being抯 knowledge and practice in drawing and architecture. Actually, peoples understanding and knowledge of perspective theory may date as far back as the rock paintings in ancient times. No matter in the rock paintings of Mount Yin in Inner Mongol…     

浅谈设计用透视学的特点及教学方法

设计用透视学是针对设计类专业特点而形成的透视学的特殊组成部分,具有内容量大、需要教学基础和抽象思维能力强、学习难度大的特点,不易被艺术类专业的学生所掌握。教学上应采用先记忆、模仿、应用,然后理解和掌握,强调设计用透视学的构图和促进空间造型的作用,多次讲解和互动的方法。     

学科交叉视角下的情感识别研究进展

人机交互环境下的情感识别是一个涉及心理学、计算机科学等的多学科交叉领域。试图从多学科交叉的角度介绍情感识别所需的心理学理论基础,从而为工程技术人员提供一定的理论背景。之后,根据待处理原始数据的不同,简介了构建此类系统现有的方法和技术;最后简述了当前研究工作的不足和进一步发展的方向,并对全文进行了小结。     

直觉主义视角下量子逻辑的进一步解释

量子计算机将成为计算机科学未来的发展方向之一,量子逻辑是反映量子计算与量子信息的数学基础。Von Neumann用希尔伯特空间的闭子空间表示量子物理系统的性质,构成正交模格,其元素有明确的物理意义,但无法刻画叠加性质;Bob Coecke填加析取元素来表示叠加性质,借助Heyting代数,基于正交模格构造命题格对量子逻辑进行刻画,命题格中元素有明确的数学含义,但物理意义不够明确。针对后者,文中对命题格中元素的物理含义做出了进一步的解释,认为补充的析取元素代表的物理意义为描述叠加性质时所依赖的“观察者视角”,使得命题格中所有元素都获得了清晰的物理含义,通过阐述量子逻辑在测量时的应用,为量子计算中的隐形传态、超距同步等技术提供了重要的理论依据。