多类问题中最优特征子集选取的研究

本文对最优模糊值特征子集选取算法进行了改进,使其可以适用于多类最优模糊值特征子集选取,并且在选取第一个最优特征的时候引入了信息熵的方法,降低了算法的计算复杂度.利用选取的特征子集构造模糊决策树,实验数据说明这种改进算法是可行的.     

基于特征选择算法的个人信用预测模型

针对传统机器学习分类算法处理高维个人信用数据时分类准确率较低的问题,提出一种基于皮尔森相关系数(PCC)和互信息法结合梯度提升决策树(MI-GBDT)的最优特征子集的选择方法,并应用在决策树、朴素贝叶斯分类器、支持向量机上。利用皮尔森相关系数去除强相关特征,利用互信息法和GBDT计算剩余特征的综合重要度,结合改进的基于特征排序的搜索策略,分别生成3种分类器模型所需的最优特征子集。实验结果表明,该方法在3种分类模型上筛选出的特征子集对应的分类精度分别提高了4.33%、13.29%和20.27%。     

混合Filter与改进自适应GA的特征选择方法

针对高维度小样本数据在特征选择时出现的维数灾难和过拟合的问题,提出一种混合Filter模式与Wrapper模式的特征选择方法（ReFS-AGA）。该方法结合ReliefF算法和归一化互信息,评估特征的相关性并快速筛选重要特征;采用改进的自适应遗传算法,引入最优策略平衡特征多样性,同时以最小化特征数和最大化分类精度为目标,选择特征数作为调节项设计新的评价函数,在迭代进化过程中高效获得最优特征子集。在基因表达数据上利用不同分类算法对简化后的特征子集分类识别,实验结果表明,该方法有效消除了不相关特征,提高了特征选择的效率,与ReliefF算法和二阶段特征选择算法mRMR-GA相比,在取得最小特征子集维度的同时平均分类准确率分别提高了11.18个百分点和4.04个百分点。     

基于混合优化算法的数据预处理算法Ⅱ

提出了KDD中数据预处理的一种基本算法.针对数据库中的属性,利用非监督学习算法,在获取了面向任务的目标数据子集的基础上,利用混合优化算法进行特征子集的选取.分析了遗传算法和混合遗传算法用于特征子集选择的基本算法,仿真实验说明了混合优化算法的有效性和可行性.     

基于特征选择的网络入侵检测方法

针对现有入侵检测算法中存在着冗余或噪音特征导致的检测模型精度下降与训练时间过长的问题进行了研究,将特征选择算法引入到入侵检测领域,提出了一种基于特征选择的入侵检测方法.利用不同的离散化与特征选择算法生成具有差异的多个最优特征子集,并对每个特征子集进行归一化处理,用分类算法对提取后的特征进行学习建模.通过实验将该方法与基于传统算法（决策树、朴素贝叶斯、支持向量机）的入侵检测方法作比较,实验结果表明,该方法有效地提高了检测攻击的准确率,并且降低了模型的训练时间.     

基于混合CatfishPSO-LSSVM 特征选择的入侵检测

入侵检测系统面临的主要问题是计算量大,特征选择被引入解决这一问题。针对现有方法的缺点,利用改进的粒子群算法来搜索最优特征子集,提出了一种基于混合CatfishPSO和最小二乘支持向量机的特征选择方法,利用混合的CatfishBPSO和CatfishPSO选择特征子集并同步对LSSVM的参数进行优化,最后建立了一个基于该特征选择方法的入侵检测模型。在KDD Cup 99数据集上进行的实验结果表明该模型的检测性能较高。     

基于改进多目标遗传算法求解混合流水车间调度问题

为解决混合流水车间调度问题(HFSP),基于多目标遗传算法和粒子群算法的优点,提出一种多目标混合算法。该算法引入一种扩展的基于工序的编码,将两种算法产生的最优解分别作为彼此的初始因子,增强了遗传算法的进化速度,有效避免了粒子群算法陷入局部最优,并实现了不同加工路线的生产车间的灵活性调度。最后通过实例的数值仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

PSO-SVM在网络入侵检测中的应用

为了提高网络入侵检测效果以加强网络安全性,提出一种网络状态特征和支持向量机(SVM)参数联合选择的网络入侵检测模型(PSO-SVM).以网络入侵检测正确率作为目标,特征子集和SVM参数作为约束条件建立数学模型,通过粒子群优化算法对模型进行求解,找到最优特征子集和SVM参数,利用KDD Cup 99数据集对算法性能进行测试.测试结果表明,相对于其它入侵检测算法,PSO-SVM可以找到更优特征子集和SVM参数,加快了检测速度,有效地提高了网络入侵检测正确率,为网络入侵检测提供了一种新的研究思路.     

基于二进制灰狼优化的特征选择及文本聚类

提出基于二进制灰狼优化的特征选择与文本聚类算法.为得到最佳聚类结果,将文本数据表达为矢量空间模型;利用二进制灰狼优化算法对文本特征进行选择,得到初选特征子集;对前一阶段中不同特征相关分值计算方法得到的初选特征子集进行合并与交叉操作,进一步计算最优特征子集;在新特征子集基础上,利用同步考虑余弦相似度和欧氏距离指标的多目标优化K均值算法完成文本聚类,得到最优文本聚类解.实验结果表明,在多数数据集上,该算法可以有效降低特征维度,聚类指标表现更好.     

基于模糊积分的多模糊决策树融合

给定一个模糊信息系统,可能找到多个重要的模糊属性子集,而且这些重要的模糊属性子集对决策有不同的贡献,会产生不同的影响.如果仅选择其中一个模糊属性子集进行决策,即使是最重要的一个,也会丢失隐含在其他重要的模糊属性子集中的可用信息.为了充分利用模糊信息系统中每个重要的模糊属性子集所提供的信息,提出了一种基于模糊积分的多模糊决策树融合方法.这种方法分3个步骤:1)通过模糊等价关系找到几个重要的模糊属性子集;2)对每个模糊属性子集,利用模糊ID3算法生成一棵模糊决策树;3)用模糊积分融合几棵模糊决策树.实验结果证明了用多模糊决策树融合方法比单模糊决策树分类效果更好.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.