非均相CWPO催化剂的制备及其催化性能研究

以水滑石为载体,制备了负载铜离子的非均相CWPO催化剂。实验确定了催化剂的最佳制备条件是浸渍浓度0.05 mol/L,浸渍时间10 h,煅烧时间0.5 h,煅烧温度400℃。采用最佳条件制备的负载铜离子的水滑石对亚甲基蓝染料进行脱色处理,利用单因素实验考察了负载铜离子的水滑石用量、亚甲基蓝溶液初始浓度、p H值、反应时间、过氧化氢用量等条件对脱色率的影响。结果表明,负载铜离子的水滑石催化剂最佳催化条件是催化剂用量为30 g/L,过氧化氢用量为20 m L/L,亚甲基蓝初始浓度20 mg/L,催化时间1 h,p H值为6,脱色率达到97.6%,具有良好的应用前景。对照实验表明,负载金属离子可显著提高水滑石催化剂的催化效果。     

Fenton试剂对偶氮染料活性黑5的脱色研究

以活性黑5染料溶液为研究对象,通过匹交实验确定了Fenton反应中各影响因子的最佳操作条件为：染料初殆浓度=50mg／L,pH=4,H2O2浓度=5．78mg／L,Fe^2＋浓度=9．52mg／L。同时考察了反应时间、溶液pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe^2＋浓度、染料初始浓度对脱色效率的影响。实验表明脱包反应在15min内基本完成,Fenton试剂能在较宽的pH范围内保持较好的脱色效果。增加H202浓度可以提高活性黑5溶液脱色率,但超过5．78mg／L后效果捉高不明显。在6.16～16．24mg／L的范围内,Fe^2＋浓度对脱色效果的影响不显著。染料脱色率随染料初始浓度的升高而降低。     

活性艳红K-2BP废水处理及动力学研究

采用Fe^3＋/H2O2类Fenton体系对活性艳红K-2BP废水进行处理,考察了染料溶液初始浓度,Fe^3＋离子浓度,H2O2浓度,初始pH值,以及反应温度对脱色效果的影响。结果表明,pH值和Fe^3＋离子浓度对反应影响明显,最佳脱色条件为：[Fe^3＋]=1．92mmol·L^-1,[H2O2]=2.34mmol·L^-1,pH=4．0,T=30℃,在30min内可完全脱色。该反应符合准一级反应,其活化能为38．69kJ·mol^-1。     

强化日光／H2O2协同作用对酸性黑染料的降解脱色研究

在H2O2存在条件下．对酸性黑染料进行加强日光照射处理,系统地研究了染料初始浓度、pH值、光照强度、不同阴离子等因素对酸性黑染料废水的脱色效果的影响。结果表明,染料初始浓度越低,光降解速率越高：酸性媒介比碱性媒介更有利于酸性黑光解脱色;染料光解脱色速率随光照强度增加而增加,但在较高光强下时,降解速率增加并不明显。除SO4^2-离子外,试验范围内的其它Br^-、NO3^-、Cl^-和NO2^-等阴离子,均对降解脱色有抑制作用,其中NO2^-对脱色作用抑制最显著。处理前后的UV—Vis谱图分析表明酸性黑在H2O2／强化日光光解处理中脱色是因为染料发生氧化光降作用。     

改性粉煤灰对甲基橙废水的电化学氧化

以酸和碱为改性剂,制备改性粉煤灰。考察了不同反应条件改性粉煤灰作为粒子电极对甲基橙染料废水脱色率的影响。试验结果表明：在室温下反应时间为15min、甲基橙初始浓度为100mg／L、改性剂用量为10g／L、电流密度为95mA／cm^2、0．48gNaCl的最佳条件下,甲基橙的脱色率高达96．21％;在最佳反应条件下电解65min,COD去除率可达76.8％。     

KOH/ZrO2催化制备生物柴油新工艺

采用浸渍法,将KOH负载在新型载体氧化锆上,通过高温煅烧得到了固体碱催化剂。探讨了制备条件对催化剂催化酯交换反应活性的影响,获得了催化剂的最佳制备条件,以大豆油和甲醇为原料研究并优化了催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油的工艺条件。结果表明,固体碱催化剂KOH/ZrO₂的最佳制备条件为：KOH负载量20%,煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间2 h。固体碱催化剂催化酯交换反应的最优反应条件为：醇油比9：1,反应温度75℃,反应时间3 h,催化剂用量4.0%。各因素对产率影响的大小为：醇油摩尔比 > 反应温度 > 反应时间 > 催化剂用量。     

BiFeO3/H2O2体系有效降解酸性复红染料废水的研究

以BiFeO3和H2O2组成非均相类Fenton体系催化降解酸性复红(acidic fuchsin)染料废水.探讨了过氧化氢用量、反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量、染料初始浓度以及pH值等因素的影响.实验结果显示在过氧化氢体积百分数为0.65％、反应时间为50 min、反应温度为303 K、催化剂用量为0.45 g/L、酸性复红溶液初始浓度为120 mg/L和pH值为7.5的最优条件下,废水脱色率＞99％.降解过程动力学的初步研究说明该过程符合一级动力学方程,在303 K时表观速率常数和表观活化能分别为0.1011 min-1、23.04 kJ/mol.     

KOH/ZrO_2催化制备生物柴油新工艺

采用浸渍法,将KOH负载在新型载体氧化锆上,通过高温煅烧得到了固体碱催化剂。探讨了制备条件对催化剂催化酯交换反应活性的影响,获得了催化剂的最佳制备条件,以大豆油和甲醇为原料研究并优化了催化酯交换反应制备生物柴油的工艺条件。结果表明,固体碱催化剂KOH/ZrO_2的最佳制备条件为:KOH负载量20%,煅烧温度600℃,煅烧时间2h。固体碱催化剂催化酯交换反应的最优反应条件为:醇油比9∶1,反应温度75℃,反应时间3h,催化剂用量4.0%。各因素对产率影响的大小为:醇油摩尔比反应温度反应时间催化剂用量。     

纳米Fe^0为铁源的Electro—Fenton对甲基橙废水的脱色

以纳米Fe^0为铁源的E1ectro—Fenton（Fe^0／E—Fenton）对甲基橙废水的脱色进行了研究。与Fe^2＋／E～Fenton体系和商用铁粉为铁源的E—Fenton体系相比较,Fe^0／E—Fenton对甲基橙的脱色效果更好。Fe^0／E—Fenton对甲基橙脱色过程中,相对稳定的溶液的pH值和充足的Fe^2＋量有利于E—Fenton试剂对甲基橙脱色反应。同时考察了Fe^0／E—Fenton反应中初始pH值和纳米Fe^0投加量对甲基橙脱色的影响。研究结果表明,当甲基橙初始浓度为20mg·L^-1时,溶液pH值和纳米Fe^0的投加量分别为3．0和17mg·L,甲基橙溶液在45min内完全脱色。     

Fe2O3/凹凸棒土催化氧化处理印染废水的研究

研究由浸渍法制备负载型Fe2O3/凹凸棒土催化剂,并利用该催化剂对印染废水进行处理,探讨废水pH值、催化剂用量、反应时间等对色度去除率的影响。确定较佳反应条件:催化剂用量为0.25g,染料废水初始浓度300mg/L,染料废水pH值为7.0,过氧化氢0.6mL,反应时间2h时色度去除率为90%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。