One-step fabrication of two-dimensional hierarchical Mn2O3@graphene composite as high-performance anode materials for lithium ion batteries

Two-dimensional (2D) hierarchical Mn2O3@graphene composite is synthesized by a one-step solid-phase reaction.The nanosheets of Mn2O3 are vertically grown on few-layered graphene,constructing a unique 2D hierarchical structure.As an anode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs),this hierarchical composite displays excellent electrochemical performances,showing an extraordinary reversible discharge capacity of 2125.9 mA h g-1.Moreover,a record high reversible capacity of 1746.8 mA h g-1 is maintained after 100 cycles at a current density of 100 mA g-1,which retains 82.2 ％ of the initial capacity.Such an outstanding performance could be attributed to its novel structure and the synergistic effects between the Mn2O3 and graphene.     

Bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework-derived substrate-free anode with superior cyclability for high-capacity lithium-ion batteries

Freestanding carbon nanofibers loaded with bimetallic hollow nanocage structures were synthesized.The nanocages inherited the rhombic dodecahedral morphology of the zeolitic imidazolate framework(ZIF)precursors,ZIF-8 and ZIF-67.As anode materials for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),the bimetallic nanocage-loaded freestanding carbon nanofibers effectively buffered volume expansions and alleviated pulverization through their different reduction and oxidation potentials.The higher capacities of the composite anodes arose via the formation of the Li_xZn alloy and Li₂O by Zn and Co ions,respectively,and the enhanced conductivity conferred by the carbon nanofibers.A synergistic effect of the composite components toward the strong electrochemical performance(688 m A h·g^-1at 1200 m A·g^-1)of the bimetallic nanocage-loaded fibers was demonstrated through the superior long-term stability of the anode(1048 m A h·g^-1after 300 cycles at 100 m A·g^-1),suggesting that the fabricated anode can be a promising material for use in portable LIBs.     

Spinel-layered integrate structured nanorods with both high capacity and superior high-rate capability as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries

Spinel phase LiMn2O4 was successfully embedded into monoclinic phase layeredstructured Li2MrnO3 nanorods,and these spinel-layered integrate structured nanorods showed both high capacities and superior high-rate capabilities as cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs).Pristine Li2MnO3 nanorods were synthesized by a simple rheological phase method using α-MnO2 nanowires as precursors.The spinel-layered integrate structured nanorods were fabricated by a facile partial reduction reaction using stearic acid as the reductant.Both structural characterizations and electrochemical properties of the integrate structured nanorods verified that LiMn2O4 nanodomains were embedded inside the pristine Li2MnO3 nanorods.When used as cathode materials for LIBs,the spinel-layered integrate structured Li2MnO3 nanorods (SL-Li2MnO3) showed much better performances than the pristine layered-structured Li2MnO3 nanorods (L-Li2MnO3).When charge-discharged at 20 mA·g-1 in a voltage window of 2.0-4.8 V,the SL-Li2MnO3 showed discharge capadties of 272.3 and 228.4 mAh.g-1 in the first and the 60th cycles,respectively,with capacity retention of 83.8％.The SL-Li2MnO3 also showed superior high-rate performances.When cycled at rates of 1 C,2 C,5 C,and 10 C (1 C =200 mA·g-1) for hundreds of cycles,the discharge capacities of the SL-Li2MnO3 reached 218.9,200.5,147.1,and 123.9 mAh·g-1,respectively.The superior performances of the SL-Li2MnO3 are ascribed to the spineMayered integrated structures.With large capacities and superior high-rate performances,these spinel-layered integrate structured materials are good candidates for cathodes of next-generation high-power LIBs.     

Interface-modulated fabrication of hierarchical yolk–shell Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>/C dodecahedrons as stable anodes for lithium and sodium storage

Transition-metal oxides (TMOs) have gradually attracted attention from researchers as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) because of their high theoretical capacity.However,their poor cycling stability and inferior rate capability resulting from the large volume variation during the lithiation/sodiation process and their low intrinsic electronic conductivity limit their applications.To solve the problems of TMOs,carbon-based metal-oxide composites with complex structures derived from metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials for LIBs and SIBs.In this study,we adopted a facile interface-modulated method to synthesize yolk-shell carbon-based Co3O4 dodecahedrons derived from ZIF-67 zeolitic imidazolate frameworks.This strategy is based on the interface separation between the ZIF-67 core and the carbon-based shell during the pyrolysis process.The unique yolk-shell structure effectively accommodates the volume expansion during lithiation or sodiation,and the carbon matrix improves the electrical conductivity of the electrode.As an anode for LIBs,the yolk-shell Co3O4/C dodecahedrons exhibit a high specific capacity and excellent cycling stability (1,100 mAh·g-1 after 120 cycles at 200 mA·g-1).As an anode for SIBs,the composites exhibit an outstanding rate capability (307 mAh·g-1 at 1,000 mA·g-1 and 269 mAh·g-1 at 2,000 mA·g-1).Detailed electrochemical kinetic analysis indicates that the energy storage for Li+ and Na+ in yolk-shell Co3O4/C dodecahedrons shows a dominant capacitive behavior.This work introduces an effective approach for fabricating carbonbased metal-oxide composites by using MOFs as ideal precursors and as electrode materials to enhance the electrochemical performance of LIBs and SIBs.     

Si/C particles on graphene sheet as stable anode for lithium-ion batteries

Silicon is considered as one of the most promising anodes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs),but it is limited for commercial applications by the critical issue of large volume expansion during the lithiation.In this work,the structure of silicon/carbon (Si/C) particles on graphene sheets (Si/C-G) was obtained to solve the issue by using the void space of Si/C particles and graphene.Si/C-G material was from Si/PDA-GO that silicon particles was coated by polydopamine (PDA) and reacted with oxide graphene (GO).The Si/C-G material have good cycling performance as the stability of the structure during the lithiation/dislithiation.The Si/C-G anode materials exhibited high reversible capacity of 1910.5 mA h g-1 and 1196.1 mA h g-1 after 700 cycles at 357.9 mA g-1,and have good rate property of 507.2 mA h g-1 at high current density,showing significantly improved commercial viability of silicon electrodes in high-energy-density LIBs.     

Ultrafine Sn nanocrystals in a hierarchically porous N-doped carbon for lithium ion batteries

We report a simple method of preparing a high performance,Sn-based anode material for lithium ion batteries (LIBs).Adding H2O2 to an aqueous solution containing Sn2+ and aniline results in simultaneous polymerization of aniline and oxidation of Sn2+ to SnO2,leading to a homogeneous composite of polyaniline and SnO2.Hydrogen thermal reduction of the above composite yields N-doped carbon with hierarchical porosity and homogeneously distributed,ultrafine Sn particles.The nanocomposite exhibits excellent performance as an anode material for lithium ion batteries,showing a high reversible specific capacity of 788 mAh·g-1 at a current density of 100 mA·g-1 after 300 cycles and very good stability up to 5,000 mA·g-1.The simple preparation method combined with the good electrochemical performance is highly promising to promote the application of Sn based anode materials.     

Novel porous starfish-like Co<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript>@nitrogen-doped carbon as an advanced anode for lithium-ion batteries

A Co-based metal-organic framework (Co-MOF) with a unique three-dimensional starfish-like nanostructure was successfully synthesized using a simple ultrasonic method.After subsequent carbonization and oxidation,a nanocomposite of nitrogen-doped carbon with a Co3O4 coating (Co3O4@N-C) with a porous starfish-like nanostructure was obtained.The final hybrid exhibited excellent lithium storage performance when evaluated as an anode material in a lithiumion battery.A remarkable and stable discharge capacity of 795 mAh·g-1 was maintained at 0.5 A·g-1 after 300 cycles.Excellent rate capability was also obtained.In addition,a full Co3O4@N-C/LiFePO4 battery displayed stable capacity retention of 95％ after 100 cycles.This excellent lithium storage performance is attributed to the unique porous starfish-like structure,which effectively buffers the volume expansion that occurs during Li+ insertion/deinsertion.Meanwhile,the nitrogendoped carbon coating enhances the electrical conductivity and provides a buffer layer to accommodate the volume change and accelerate the formation of a stable solid electrolyte interface layer.     

Hollow multi-nanochannel carbon nanofiber/MoS2 nanoflower composites as binder-free lithium-ion battery anodes with high capacity and ultralong-cycle life at large current density

The electrode materials with high pseudocapacitance can enhance the rate capability and cycling stabil-ity of lithium-ion storage devices.Herein,we fabricated MoS2 nanoflowers with ultra-large interlayer spacing on N-doped hollow multi-nanochannel carbon nanofibers(F2-MoS2/NHMCFs)as freestanding binder-free anodes for lithium-ion batteries(LIBs).The ultra-large interlayer spacing(0.78～1.11 nm)of MoS2 nanoflowers can not only reduce the internal resistance,but also increase accessible active sur-face area,which ensures the fast Li+intercalation and deintercalation.The NHMCFs with hollow and multi-nanochannel structure can accommodate the large internal strain and volume change during lithi-ation/delithiation process,it is beneficial to improving the cycling stability of LIBs.Benefiting from the above combined structure merits,the F2-MoS2/NHMCFs electrodes deliver a high rate capability 832 mA h g-1 at 10 A g-1 and ultralong cycling stability with 99.29 and 91.60％capacity retention at 10 A g-1 after 1000 and 2000 cycles,respectively.It is one of the largest capacities and best cycling stability at 10 A g-1 ever reported to date,indicating the freestanding F2-MoS2/NHMCFs electrodes have potential applications in high power density LIBs.     

Understanding of the capacity contribution of carbon in phosphorus-carbon composites for high-performance anodes in lithium ion batteries

Phosphorus has recently received extensive attention as a promising anode for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) due to its high theoretical capacity of 2,596 mAh·g-1.To develop high-performance phosphorus anodes for LIBs,carbon materials have been hybridized with phosphorus (P-C) to improve dispersion and conductivity.However,the specific capacity,rate capability,and cycling stability of P-C anodes are still less than satisfactory for practical applications.Furthermore,the exact effects of the carbon support on the electrochemical performance of the P-C anodes are not fully understood.Herein,a series of xP-yC anode materials for LIBs were prepared by a simple and efficient ball-milling method.6P-4C and 3P-7C were found to be optimum mass ratios of x/y,and delivered initial discharge capacities of 1,803.5 and 1,585.3.mAh.g-1,respectively,at 0.1 C in the voltage range 0.02-2 V,with an initial capacity retention of 68.3％ over 200 cycles (more than 4 months cycling life) and 40.8％ over 450 cycles.The excellent electrochemical performance of the 6P-4C and 3P-7C samples was attributed to a synergistic effect from both the adsorbed P and carbon.     

中空海胆状结构的碳包覆Fe2O3用作锂离子电池的高性能负极材料

Fe2O3由于成本低廉,储量丰富和理论比容量高(1007 mA hg^-1)等特点,在锂离子电池负极材料的应用中极具发展前景.然而一些问题仍然存在,如:充放电过程中比容量的迅速衰减,不可逆的体积膨胀以及较短的循环寿命等.这些问题严重制约了Fe2O3在锂离子电池中的实际应用.为了突破这些局限,本文以金属-有机骨架(MOF...     

Bioprocess-inspired preparation of silica with varied morphologies and potential in lithium storage

As one of the most delicate bioprocesses in nature,biosilicification is closely related to biosilica with various morphologies,and has provided abundant inspiration to materials synthesis.In the present study,to explore the biosilica formation process and fabricate silica with an exquisite microstructure for lithiumion battery (LIB) electrodes,a bacterial phage (M13) is used as a biotemplate to synthesize silica with diverse morphologies: cylinders,hexagonal prisms,assemblies of smaller cylinders and nanowires.A facile ethanol bath method is conducted to coat the nanowires with nitrogen-containing carbon and carbon-coated Si02 nanowires with mesochannels (C@msSiO2NWs) are first used as anode materials for LIBs.Attributed to the uniform carbon coating and parallel mesochannel structure,the electronic conductivity and capacity to accommodate volume variations were significantly improved.In the electrochemical performance test,the composites calcined at 750 ℃ (C@msSiO2NWs-750) show an impressive capacity of 653 mA h g-1 at a current density of 500 mA g-1 and stability (1000 cycles).In view of the electrochemical test outcomes,the preparation of a sophisticated structure with an outstanding potential is easily achieved via a biomimetic strategy.     

Fe~(3+) -stabilized Ti_3C_2T_x MXene enables ultrastable Li-ion storage at low temperature

It is highly important to develop ultrastable electrode materials for Li-ion batteries(LIBs),especially in the low temperature.Herein,we report Fe³⁺-stabilized Ti₃C₂T_x MXene(donated as T/F-4:1)as the anode material,which exhibits an ultrastable low-temperature Li-ion storage property(135.2 m A h g^-1after300 cycles under the current density of 200 m A g^-1at-10℃),compared with the negligible capacity for the pure Ti₃C₂T_x MXene(26 m A h g^-1at 200 m A g^-1).We characterized as-made T/F samples via the Xray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transformed infrared(FT-IR)and Raman spectroscopy,and found that the terminated functional groups(-O and-OH)in T/F are Li⁺ storage sites.Fe³⁺-stabilization makes-O/-OH groups in MXene interlayers become active towards Li⁺,leading to much more active sites and thus an enhanced capacity and well cyclic stability.In contrast,only-O/-OH groups on the top and bottom surfaces of pure Ti₃C₂T_x MXene can be used to adsorb Li⁺,resulting in a low capacity.Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)and XPS data confirm that T/F-4:1 holds the highly stable solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer during the cycling at-10℃.Density functional theory(DFT)calculations further uncover that T/F has fast diffusion of Li⁺ and consequent better electrochemical performances than pure Ti₃C₂T_x MXene.It is believed that the new strategy used here will help to fabricate advanced MXene-based electrode materials in the energy storage application.     

Closely packed Si@C and Sn@C nano-particles anchored by reduced graphene oxide sheet boosting anode performance of lithium ion batteries

Both silicon and tin are promising anodes for new generation lithium ion batteries due to high lithium storage capacities (theoretically 4200 mA h g-1 and 992 mA h g-1,respectively).However,their large volumetric expansions (both are above 300 ％) usually lead to poor cycling stability.In this case,we synthesized closely packed Si@C and Sn@C nano-particles anchored by reduced graphene oxide (denoted as Si@C/Sn@C/rGO) by the way of solution impregnation and subsequent hydrogenation reduction.Sn particles with a diameter of 100 nm are coated by carbon and surrounded by Si@C particles around 40 nm in average diameter through the high-resolution transmission electron microscopy.Expansions of Si and Sn are alleviated by carbon shells,and reduced graphene oxide sheets accommodate their volume changes.The prepared Si@C/Sn@C/rGO electrode delivers an enhanced initial coulombic efficiency (78％),rate capability and greatly improved cycle stability (a high reversible capacity of nearly 1000 mA h g-1 is achieved after 300 cycles at a current density of 1000 mA g-1).It can be believed that packing Sn@C nano-particles with Si@C relieves the volume expansion of both and releases the expansion stresses.Sn@C particles enhance anode process kinetics by reducing charge transfer resistance and increasing lithium ion diffusion coefficient.The present work provides a viable strategy for facilely synthesizing silicon-tin-carbon composite anode with long life.     

NaFeTiO4 nanorod/multi-walled carbon nanotubes composite as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries with high performances in both half and full cells

NaFeTiO4 nanorods of high yields (with diameters in the range of 30-50 nm and lengths of up to 1-5 μm) were synthesized by a facile sol-gel method and were utilized as an anode material for sodium-ion batteries for the first time.The obtained NaFeTiO4 nanorods exhibit a high initial discharge capacity of 294 mA·h·g-1 at 0.2 C (1 C =177 mA·g-1),and remain at 115 mA·h·g-1 after 50 cycles.Furthermore,multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were mechanically milled with the pristine material to obtain NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs.The NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs electrode exhibits a significantly improved electrochemical performance with a stable discharge capacity of 150 mA·h·g-1 at 0.2 C after 50 cycles,and remains at 125 mA·h·g-1 at 0.5 C after 420 cycles.The NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs//Na3V2(PO4)3/C full cell was assembled for the first time;it displays a discharge capacity of 70 mA·h·g-1 after 50 cycles at 0.05 C,indicating its excellent performances.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,ex situ X-ray diffraction,and Raman measurements were performed to investigate the initial electrochemical mechanisms of the obtained NaFeTiO4/MWCNTs.     

A Facile Strategy to Construct Silver‐Modified,ZnO‐Incorporated and Carbon‐Coated Silicon/Porous‐Carbon Nanofibers with Enhanced Lithium Storage

For Si anode materials used for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), developing an effective solution to overcome their drawbacks of large volume change and poor electronic conductivity is highly desirable. Here, the composites of ZnO‐incorporated and carbon‐coated silicon/porous‐carbon nanofibers (ZnO‐Si@C‐PCNFs) are designed and synthesized via a traditional electrospinning method. The prepared ZnO‐Si@C‐PCNFs can obviously overcome these two drawbacks and provide excellent LIB performance with excellent rate capability and stable long cycling life of 1000 cycles with reversible capacity of 1050 mA h g^?1 at 800 mA g^?1. Meanwhile, anodes of ZnO‐Si@C‐PCNFs attached with Ag particles display enhanced LIB performance, maintaining an average capacity of 920 mA h g^?1 at a large current of 1800 mA g^?1 even for 1000 cycles with negligible capacity loss and excellent reversibility. In addition, the assembling method with important practical significance for a simple pouch full cell is designed and used to evaluate the active materials. The Ag/ZnO‐Si@C‐PCNFs are prelithiated and assembled in full cells using LiNi_0.5Co_0.2Mn_0.3O₂(NCM523) as cathodes, exhibiting higher energy density (230 W h kg^?1) of 18% than that of 195 W h kg^?1 for commercial graphite//NCM523 full pouch cells. Importantly, the comprehensive mechanisms of enhanced electrochemical kinetics originating from ZnO‐incorporation and Ag‐attachment are revealed in detail.     

Reactive Oxygen‐Doped 3D Interdigital Carbonaceous Materials for Li and Na Ion Batteries

Carbonaceous materials as anodes usually exhibit low capacity for lithium ion batteries (LIBs) and sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Oxygen‐doped carbonaceous materials have the potential of high capacity and super rate performance. However, up to now, the reported oxygen‐doped carbonaceous materials usually exhibit inferior electrochemical performance. To overcome this problem, a high reactive oxygen‐doped 3D interdigital porous carbonaceous material is designed and synthesized through epitaxial growth method and used as anodes for LIBs and SIBs. It delivers high reversible capacity, super rate performance, and long cycling stability (473 mA h g^?1after 500 cycles for LIBs and 223 mA h g^?1 after 1200 cycles for SIBs, respectively, at the current density of 1000 mA g^?1), with a capacity decay of 0.0214% per cycle for LIBs and 0.0155% per cycle for SIBs. The results demonstrate that constructing 3D interdigital porous structure with reactive oxygen functional groups can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of oxygen‐doped carbonaceous material.     

Tungsten diselenide nanoplates as advanced lithium/sodium ion electrode materials with different storage mechanisms

Transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) exhibit immense potential as lithium/sodium-ion electrode materials owing to their sandwich-like layered structures.To optimize their lithium/sodium-storage performance,two issues should be addressed:fundamentally understanding the chemical reaction occurring in TMD electrodes and developing novel TMDs.In this study,WSe2 hexagonal nanoplates were synthesized as lithium/sodium-ion battery (LIB/SIB) electrode materials.For LIBs,the WSe2-nanoplate electrodes achieved a stable reversible capacity and a high rate capability,as well as an ultralong cycle life of up to 1,500 cycles at 1,000 mA·g-1.Most importantly,in situ Raman spectroscopy,ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD),transmission electron microscopy,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements performed during the discharge-charge process clearly verified the reversible conversion mechanism,which can be summarized as follows:WSe2 + 4Li+ + 4e-←→ W + 2Li2Se.The WSe2 nanoplates also exhibited excellent cycling performance and a high rate capability as SIB electrodes.Ex situ XRD and Raman spectroscopy results demonstrate that WSe2 reacted with Na+ more easily and thoroughly than with Li+ and converted to Na2Se and tungsten in the 1st sodiated state.The subsequent charging reaction can be expressed as Na2Se → Se + 2Na+ + 2e-,which differs from the traditional conversion mechanism for LIBs.To our knowledge,this is the first systematic exploration of the lithium/sodium-storage performance of WSe2 and the mechanism involved.     

PVA-assisted hydrated vanadium pentoxide/reduced graphene oxide films for excellent Li+and Zn2+storage properties

Low-cost,high safety and environment-friendly aqueous energy storage systems(ESSs)are huge poten-tial for grid-level energy storage,but the(de)intercalation of metal ions in the electrode materials(e.g.vanadium oxides)to obtain superior long-term cycling stability is a significant challenge.Herein,we demonstrate that polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)-assisted hydrated vanadium pentoxide/reduced graphene oxide(V2O5·nH2O/rGO/PVA,denoted as the VGP)films enable long cycle stability and high capacity for the Li+and Zn2+storages in both the VGP//LiCl(aq)//VGP and the VGP//ZnSO4(aq)//Zn cells.The binder-free VGP films are synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method combination with the filtration.The extensive hydrogen bonds are formed among PVA,GO and H2O,and they act as structural pillars and connect the adjacent layers as glue,which contributes to the ultrahigh specific capacitance and ultralong cyclic performance of Li+and Zn2+storage properties.As for Li+storage,the binder-free VGP4 film(4 mg PVA)electrode achieves the highest specific capacitance up to 1381 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 in the three-electrode system and 962 F g-1 at 1.0 A g-1 in the symmetric two-electrode system.It also behaves the outstanding cyclic performance with the capacitance retention of 96.5％after 15000 cycles in the three-electrode system and 99.7％after 25000 cycles in the symmetric two-electrode system.As for Zn2+storage,the binder-free VGP4 film electrode exhibits the high specific capacity of 184 mA h g-1 at 0.5 A g-1 in the VGP4//ZnSO4(aq)//Zn cell and the superb cycle performance of 98.5％after 25000 cycles.This work not only provides a new strategy for the construction of vanadium oxides composites and demonstrates the potential application of PVA-assisted binder-free film with excellent electrochemical properties,but also extends to construct other potential electrode materials for metal ion storage cells.     

Hollow CoFe₂O₄ nanospheres as a high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries

Hollow structured CoFe?O? nanospheres were synthesized by a hydrothermal method. The uniform hollow nanosphere architecture of the as-prepared CoFe?O? has been confirmed by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy analysis, which give an outer diameter of 200-300 nm and a wall thickness of about 100 nm. CoFe?O? nanospheres exhibited a high reversible capacity of 1266 mA h g?1 with an excellent capacity retention of 93.6% over 50 cycles and an improved rate capability. CoFe?O? could be a promising high capacity anode material for lithium ion batteries.     

Nitrogen and oxygen co-doped mesoporous carbon spheres as capacitive anode for high performance sodium-ion capacitors

The poor rate capability of battery-type anode is usually the bottleneck of the power-energy outputs of a hybrid alkaline metal ion capacitor.In this work,nitrogen and oxygen co-doped mesoporous carbon spheres with excellent rate performance and cycle stability are used as anode materials of sodium ion capacitors(SICs).The high N and O element doping levels as well as the amorphous and mesoporous structure have enabled prominent capacitive Na ion storage behavior,which in turn match well with the capacitive cathode in the hybrid device.Under optimum conditions,the SIC delivers a high energy density of 103.1 Wh kg-1 at a power density of 205.6 W kg-1.Even at a high power density of 7520 W kg-1,an energy density of 23.5 Wh kg-1 is still maintained.Moreover,a robust cycle stability with capacity retention of 84.6％after 2500 cycles at 1 A g-1 is maintained.Such excellent electrochemical performances convincingly demonstrate that the all-carbon based SICs with the highly capacitive N and O co-doped mesoporous carbon anode can be promising Na ion-based energy storage devices alternative to their Li ion-based counterparts.