环境友好型海洋防污涂料的研究现状及展望

为了保护海洋环境、维护海洋生态平衡,环境友好型海洋防污涂料已逐渐取代传统的海洋防污涂料,成为未来海洋防污涂料研究的主导方向。介绍了防污涂料中防污剂的含量、防污涂层的表面自由能、弹性模量、光滑程度、疏水性和pH值等因素对涂料防污效果的影响。综述了环境友好型高分子海洋防污涂料的国内外研究进展,比较了不同防污技术的特点,探讨...     

防污抗藻材料的研究进展

首先介绍了海洋微生物藻类对人们生活及各种海洋设施产生的巨大危害，并且详细阐述了国内外各种防污抗藻材料的研究发展过程、存在的优缺点及防污抗藻机理，还分别介绍了无机防污抗藻剂和有机防污抗藻剂的使用特点、范围及发展前景。     

天然防污剂的研究现状

许多天然产物及其提取物均具有一定的防污活性,将其开发为高效无毒的环境友好型防污剂已成为防污技术发展的趋势。主要论述了将天然陆生植物以及天然海洋生物中海洋植物、海洋无脊椎动物和海洋微生物作为防污剂的研究现状。     

无毒和低毒防污涂料的研究进展及存在问题

防污涂料作为一个有效解决海生物污损的方法,在船舶、海洋水下设施上得到广泛应用。随着环保意识的增强以及各种相关规定的制订,各国开始竞相研制开发新型无毒和低毒防污涂料。本文在介绍无毒和低毒防污剂、防污涂料的种类、研究现状、应用效果的基础上,论述了从防污剂的筛选到防污涂料实船实验的一系列研制过程以及研制过程中存在的问题,并对未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

环境友好型防污剂及海洋防污涂料的研究进展

本文概括了海洋生物的附着过程及其影响因素,介绍了环境友好型防污剂与海洋防污涂料的发展概况,并对未来环境友好型防污涂料的发展作了展望。     

海洋防污涂料环保化策略研究与发展

随着环保要求的不断提高,含锡自抛光涂料已经于21世纪初被全面禁用,现有的无锡自抛光涂料由于对海洋环境的潜在威胁,也随时可能面临被限制使用的风险。运用各类环保化策略,设计制备绿色环保的海洋防污涂料将是防污涂料的重要发展目标。本文基于传统自抛光防污涂料的两大核心组分防污剂和基体树脂开展了符合环保要求的技术更新方面的论述,同时简要阐述了仿生防污技术、污损释放技术、导电防污技术和紫外防污等海洋防污涂料环保化技术的特点、发展现状及未来发展方向。     

海洋天然产物防污研究进展

多种海洋天然产物都具有防污活性 ,将其开发为高效无毒的防污涂料已成为防污技术发展方向之一。本文综述了海洋植物、海洋动物及海洋微生物中天然产物的防污活性 ,并对海洋天然产物防污研究进行了展望     

防污涂料的发展及生物降解型防污涂料的研究

综述了海洋生物污损与防污原理,介绍了各种防污方法的研究现状,指出了环境友好是新型防污涂料的发展趋势。介绍了生物降解型防污涂料最新的研究进展,及海洋化工研究院在生物降解型生态友好防污涂料研究的初步进展,介绍了以聚乳酸为主体的含嵌段结构的生物可降解防污涂料用树脂的研究现状,以及生物降解型无铜防污涂料最新进展。     

吲哚类防污剂及其在海洋防污涂料中的应用

从合成、结构与防污性能的关系、防污机理及其在海洋防污涂料中的应用等方面对两类新型吲哚类防污剂进行了概述,并对它们的应用前景作了展望。     

吲哚类防污剂及其在海洋防污涂料中的应用

从合成、结构与防污性能的关系、防污机理及其在海洋防污涂料中的应用等方面对两类新型吲哚类防污剂进行了概述,并对它们的应用前景作了展望.     

舰船防污涂料的使用需求及研究进展

海洋生物附着导致的生物污损是舰船航行过程中面临的一大难题,涂装防污涂料被认为是防止海洋生物污损舰船最经济有效的方法。根据舰船的服役特点,介绍了舰船防污涂料对于长效性、动静普适性和海域广谱性的使用需求,提出研发环保型长效防污涂料是当前防污损研究领域的一大挑战。简单综述了自抛光型防污涂料、污损释放型防污涂料、仿生型防污涂料、表面自愈型防污涂料以及其他防污新技术的发展,指出自抛光型防污涂料仍是当前稳定批量应用的主流产品,其他新型防污技术的防污期效仍需经过实际应用验证。随着环保要求的日趋严格,防污损机理研究的不断深入以及防污性能评价方法的不断完善,新型环保防污涂料的研制将逐渐加快并得到广泛推广应用。     

Fabrication of Copper Nanowire Films and their Incorporation into Polymer Matrices for Antibacterial and Marine Antifouling Applications

With the ban of tributyltin, copper‐based biocides are now widely used in antifouling coatings as the major active ingredients. Given the past experience of heavy‐metal accumulation in harbors with limited water exchange, there is a significant interest in developing copper materials that greatly reduce the amount of copper ions released into marine surroundings. In this paper, copper nanowires (NWs) encapsulated in polymer matrices are investigated as the means to control the release of copper ions and to achieve a long‐lasting antifouling effect. Very long CuNWs with high aspect ratio in organic solution are drop‐coated onto substrates to fabricate uniform thin films. They are then incorporated into an elastomeric polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. A small amount of CuNWs in PDMS can inhibit barnacle cyprid settlement, while it exhibits low mortality to cyprids and nauplii present in the surrounding seawater environment. The low levels of copper released after 50 days suggest that the intersecting and interconnected CuNWs embedded in PDMS could potentially release copper ions continuously over a few years in seawater. This approach provides a novel platform to use hybrid materials as effective marine antifouling coatings, and may be applied to fouling release materials to enhance their antifouling properties.     

舰船高性能防腐蚀防污涂料研究进展

简要论述了海洋防腐蚀防污涂料的发展历史和研究现状,重点论述了舰船高性能防腐蚀防污涂料的最新研究进展。有机锡自抛光防污涂料被禁止使用之后,基于丙烯酸锌、丙烯酸铜和丙烯酸硅烷酯的自抛光防污涂料得到了广泛应用。基于含防污功能基团树脂的防污涂料、基于降解树脂的防污涂料以及基于表面结构特性的防污涂料技术成为当前防污涂料研究的热点。文中详细报道了降解树脂的结构对降解性能及力学性能影响规律,以及表面结构特性对污损释放型防污涂料防污性能的影响规律。随着环境保护法规的日趋严格,防腐蚀涂料向无溶剂(或高固体)、长效方向发展。报道了提高涂层的湿态附着力和致密性的方法,采用该方法可以大幅提高涂层的力学性能和耐蚀性能,满足了远洋和深海装备发展需求。     

仿生防污技术的现状及展望

本文综述了仿生防污技术的研究现状,主要包括天然生物防污涂料和结构仿生高分子材料的研究进展,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望。     

无毒防污技术研究进展

简要介绍了目前无毒防污技术的研究发展.从生物防污、物理防污、化学防污三方面综述了无毒防污技术的研究和开发,并提出未来对无毒防污技术的展望.     

Antifouling coatings: recent developments in the design of surfaces that prevent fouling by proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms

The major strategies for designing surfaces that prevent fouling due to proteins, bacteria, and marine organisms are reviewed. Biofouling is of great concern in numerous applications ranging from biosensors to biomedical implants and devices, and from food packaging to industrial and marine equipment. The two major approaches to combat surface fouling are based on either preventing biofoulants from attaching or degrading them. One of the key strategies for imparting adhesion resistance involves the functionalization of surfaces with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) or oligo(ethylene glycol). Several alternatives to PEG-based coatings have also been designed over the past decade. While protein-resistant coatings may also resist bacterial attachment and subsequent biofilm formation, in order to overcome the fouling-mediated risk of bacterial infection it is highly desirable to design coatings that are bactericidal. Traditional techniques involve the design of coatings that release biocidal agents, including antibiotics, quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), and silver, into the surrounding aqueous environment. However, the emergence of antibiotic- and silver-resistant pathogenic strains has necessitated the development of alternative strategies. Therefore, other techniques based on the use of polycations, enzymes, nanomaterials, and photoactive agents are being investigated. With regard to marine antifouling coatings, restrictions on the use of biocide-releasing coatings have made the generation of nontoxic antifouling surfaces more important. While considerable progress has been made in the design of antifouling coatings, ongoing research in this area should result in the development of even better antifouling materials in the future.     

海洋防污涂料发展现状与研究趋势

本文概述了海洋防污涂料的发展情况,并重点介绍了新型环保防污涂料的发展现状及其作用机制,同时分析了其面临的问题,并提出了如何解决新型防污涂料的应用,以及海洋防污涂料未来发展的趋势。