900℃时效条件下超级奥氏体不锈钢904L的析出相研究

采用Factsage热力学软件计算和实验相结合的方法,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等检测技术,研究了900℃时效条件下超级奥氏体不锈钢904L热轧板的组织变化情况。结果表明:904L不锈钢在1080℃×40min固溶处理为单一奥氏体组织;900℃时效处理过程中,析出相优先在晶界上形成,随着时效时间延长,析出相数量逐渐增加,尺寸不断增大,最终在晶界上形成网状分布;TEM和EDS表征确定为富Cr、Mo和低Ni的σ析出相,形貌以条状和块状分布为主;热力学计算结果表明904L不锈钢在平衡状态下主要析出相为σ相,与实验结果吻合。     

Nb/Ti/Zr/W对310S奥氏体不锈钢析出相行为和力学性能的影响

为了提高310S不锈钢的高温组织稳定性,本工作系统研究了微量合金化元素(Nb, Ti, Zr和W)对310S析出相行为和力学性能的影响。设计的系列合金经过1423K热轧、1423K/0.5h固溶、1173K/0.5h稳定化处理,最后进行973K/408h时效处理。研究结果表明:W可有效提高合金的高温组织稳定性,而过量Mo元素的添加会加速Cr 23 C 6向σ转变;添加Ti和Zr可细化基体晶粒,但Ti会促使时效过程中大量脆性相的析出,严重降低合金的高温组织稳定性,从而恶化合金力学性能。Fe-25Cr-22Ni-0.73Mo-0.35Nb-0.046C (质量分数/%)合金展现出优异的高温组织稳定性和力学性能(σ YS =237MPa,σ UTS =545MPa,δ=39%),有望作为超临界水冷堆核燃料包壳的候选材料。     

316L奥氏体不锈钢中时效条件下析出相演变行为的研究

通过定量金相,SEM&EDS、TEM等实验技术分析316L奥氏体不锈钢中析出相随时效时间、温度的变化,并测定析出相的体积分数与尺寸.结合热力学计算表明:在316L奥氏体不锈钢中,经850℃时效处理后,析出相为M23C6型碳化物,且随着时效时间的延长,析出量明显增多,尺寸增大;经650℃时效处理100 h后,主要析出相类型为χ相.     

6101铝合金时效过程中析出相对电阻率的影响

采用硬度测试、原位电阻测试及TEM等手段,研究了6101铝合金在175~195℃下时效析出相对相对电阻率(Δρ%)的影响,利用修正的马蒂森定则计算了175℃时不同时效时间析出相对相对电阻率的影响,得到了影响合金力学性能和导电率的温度时间判断依据。结果表明,随着温度的升高,时效初期团簇形成的时间越短,相对电阻率越低,硬度峰值也越低;175℃时效后期,析出相的密度增加,相间距减小,析出相对相对电阻率的影响基本稳定,导电率基本稳定。借助研究结果,确定了以力学性能优先和导电率优先的时效制度175℃/680min和195℃/220min,性能测试显示选取依据合理。     

S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢高温氧化行为及涂层防护研究

目的 通过研究高温氧化特征,定量分析抗氧化涂层对S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢在热处理过程中氧化速率的影响。方法 通过热重分析实验测定S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢恒温氧化增量曲线,调查试样在不同温度下退火过程中的氧化烧损现象,并分析退火试样的纵截面氧化层微观形貌。结果 实验结果显示,当加热温度达到1 300℃后,试样的氧化增量曲线由原先的抛物线规律逐渐向线性规律转变。由于MoO₃易于挥发,造成了试样高温氧化烧损严重。当退火温度为1 220℃时,试样在空气中的平均单面烧损速率约为4.0μm/h;而当使用抗氧化涂层后,平均单面烧损速率降至3.2μm/h,涂层防护效果显著。试样在1220℃下退火时生成的氧化层可分为2层,分别是Cr、Fe氧化物组成的内氧化层和Fe氧化物组成的外氧化层。结论 研究结果证明,抗氧化涂层能够显著降低S31254超级奥氏体不锈钢在1 220～1 280℃下的氧化速率。     

23Cr-14Ni高氮奥氏体不锈钢σ相析出行为EI北大核心CSCD

采用经验公式、热力学计算方法、Gleeble热/力模拟实验技术,结合光学显微镜、扫描电镜及透射电镜分析,研究了23Cr-14Ni高氮奥氏体不锈钢中σ相的析出行为。结果表明,23Cr-14Ni高氮奥氏体不锈钢中σ相可在960~1030℃析出,高于1050℃溶解。σ相析出具有异常快速的动力学特征,在经过1030℃保温1 min固溶处理后,σ相可直接从奥氏体晶界快速析出,析出先于碳氮化物相。σ相析出动力学行为及相对碳氮化物的析出次序和传统奥氏体不锈钢显著不同。铬、锰、钼元素含量较高且钼元素在晶界处偏聚提高了σ相平衡析出温度,是加速σ相析出的主要原因。     

S30408奥氏体不锈钢高温力学性能试验研究

不锈钢材料高温力学性能是不锈钢结构抗火设计与数值模拟分析的重要参数。相对于碳素钢,不锈钢材料具有强非线性、比例极限低、无明显屈服平台、各向异性、应变硬化显著等特点,高温下两种材料的力学性能存在着较大的差异。该文利用MTS810试验系统对S30408奥氏体不锈钢进行了常温、高温稳态和高温瞬态试验研究,并将试验结果与《欧洲规范》以及已有的研究结果进行了对比分析。利用稳态试验结果,对影响高温下不锈钢材料力学性能的硬化指数n_θ和m_θ进行了修正,提出高温下不锈钢材料本构关系表达式,并给出了高温下不锈钢材料的初始弹性模量、屈服强度和极限强度的折减系数。对比分析了稳态试验结果与瞬态试验结果,结果表明：通过两种试验方法获得的高温下不锈钢材料应力-应变曲线存在一定的差异;在温度600℃范围内,差异不明显,当温度超过600℃时,两者差异随温度升高而逐渐增大。     

马氏体时效不锈钢热处理工艺优化

利用热力学计算软件Thermo-Calc,研究了马氏体时效不锈钢Fe-13Cr-7Ni-4Mo-4Co-2W在不同温度下的基体组织和析出相的变化.通过TEM、SADP法分析研究了马氏体时效不锈钢在固溶处理与时效处理过程中显微组织与析出行为.热力学计算与实验研究结果一致表明,马氏体时效不锈钢高温析出Laves-Fe2Mo相,固溶温度超过1050℃,Laves-Fe2Mo相全部溶解;时效析出R相,其含量在8%左右.根据计算结果优化了相应的热处理工艺,力学性能研究结果表明,用所确定的时效工艺进行热处理后,马氏体时效不锈钢的强韧性最好.     

铜对烟气脱硫环境下超级奥氏体不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

为了研究Cu对超级奥氏体不锈钢点蚀起源与扩展的影响,使用浸泡法研究发现Cu降低了超级奥氏体不锈钢的点蚀温度,促进了点蚀的形核,通过研究点蚀坑数量、平均点蚀速率、最大点蚀深度和最大表面积发现,Cu含量小于1.0％(质量分数,下同)时抑制点蚀的扩展,超过1.0％时促进点蚀扩展.电化学恒电位极化曲线表明Cu对腐蚀电流密度有影...     

Mechanical Properties of Resistance Spot Welded Components of High Strength Austenitic Stainless Steel

Resistance multi-spot welding(MSW)in column,triangle and tetragonal symmetry arrangements was prepared using cold-rolled 301L high-strength sheets,and their static and fatigue properties were investigated.The effects of spot welds on the fracture strengths and fatigue limits were discussed.The results show that the static strengths can be estimated using an inherent linear relationship formula of the load versus the welding area.It was based on the 28%–33%volume fraction ofα′martensite induced at the interfacial spot weld fracture because of the failure deformation.The fatigue limits of the MSW nonlinearly increase with the number of spot welds.The arrangement of spot welds in the MSW significantly affects the average fatigue limit of each spot weld;its 26%maximum reduction occurred in the triangle,and the interaction stress between spot welds led to its 18%reduction in the tetragonal symmetry.The calculated fatigue stress of all MSW loadings with their mean fatigue limits was 230–270 MPa.     

Effect of Aging Time and Temperature on Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Evolution of 2205 Ferritic-Austenitic Stainless Steel

Duplex stainless steels(DSS)with ferritic–austenitic microstructures offer good combination of resistance to pitting corrosion and high strength that are not concomitantly attainable using conventional single phase austenitic or ferritic stainless steels.The DSS used in this investigation was 2205 alloy having a stable mi-crostructure consisting of about 45%ferrite and 55%austenite at ambient temperature.In order to investigate aging behavior of this steel and the influences on mechanical properties,differe...     

晶粒尺寸对304奥氏体不锈钢组织演变和性能的影响

研究了初始织构相近而晶粒尺寸不同的304奥氏体不锈钢在后续10%压缩变形和热处理过程中微观组织、力学和耐蚀性的变化。结果表明,具有相似织构而晶粒尺寸不同的样品变形热处理后其织构不同,粗晶在变形中织构的变化更大;织构相近时抗拉强度对晶粒尺寸的依赖较大;织构不同时,织构对硬度和抗拉强度的影响大于晶粒尺寸和微应变的影响;变形热处理后普通大角度晶界和晶内微应变的增大降低了试样的耐腐蚀性能;初始晶粒尺寸较小的试样在变形热处理后出现四种密排面平行于外表面的织构,其耐点蚀的性能更优。     

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of a Dissimilar Friction Stir Weld between Austenitic Stainless Steel and Low Carbon Steel

Dissimilar fusion welding of austenitic stainless steels to carbon steels has some metallurgical and technical problems.It was suggested that the solid-state nature of friction stir welding(FSW) can overcome these problems and produce a sound weld with reliable mechanical properties.In this study,plates of 304 stainless steel and st37 steel were welded together by FSW at tool rotational speed of 600 r/min and welding speed of 50 mm/min.In the stir zone(SZ) of 304 stainless steel,the results showed a refined grain structure with some features of metadynamic recrystallization.In the SZ of st37 steel,the hot deformation of material in the austenite region produced small austenite grains.These grains transformed to fine ferrite and pearlite by cooling the material after FSW.The production of fine grains increased the hardness and tensile strength in the SZ of both sides with respect to their base metals(BMs).     

Antibacterial Properties of an Austenitic Antibacterial Stainless Steel and Its Security for Human Body

An austenitic antibacterial stainless steel is reported in this paper. The very fine and dispersive ε-Cu precipitations in the matrix of the antibacterial steel after the antibacterial treatment endow the steel with antibacterial function. The antibacterial function is strong, long-term and broad-spectrum, and can be maintained even after repeated wear and long time dipping in water. The steel is safe for human body and could be used widely in daily application.