酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂的研究进展

综述了酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂的研究进展状况．讨论了该类化合物的结构与活性的关系。简单地介绍了该类化合物的作用机制,并依据文献总结出6条合成酰肼类化合物的方法,对该类化合物的发展前景做了展望。     

世界二芳杂环类昆虫生长调节剂的开发概况

从第一代昆虫生长调节剂苯甲酰脲类到如今的各种各样结构的二芳基杂环类昆虫生长调节剂,它们一直是人们开发的热点。农药公司已开发了不少此类化合物。文中介绍了世界各公司研发的结构各异的二芳基杂环类昆虫生长调节剂。     

双酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂研究开发进展

介绍了双酰肼类昆虫生长调节剂的开发进展以及这类化合物的作用机理和合成方法,可以看出,双酰肼结构对昆虫具有独特的蜕皮激素作用,符合害虫综合治理的要求,是一类对环境友好的、具有良好开发前景的化合物。     

由真菌产生的大分子昆虫几丁质酶抑制剂的筛选和活性鉴定

几丁质酶是昆虫蜕皮过程中的一个关键酶 ,人们一直努力尝试将几丁质酶抑制剂开发成为具有生物合理性的昆虫生长调节剂。先前曾有文献报道阿洛氨菌素 (allosamidin)或其他一些低活性化合物为几丁质酶抑制剂 ,但都未进入商业化使用阶段。因此 ,科研人员在积极寻求开发新颖的昆虫几丁质酶抑制剂。在前期研究中 ,日本Okayama大学的TeruhikoNitoda等人研制出一种对斜纹夜蛾 (Spodopteralitu ra)几丁质酶抑制活性的测试方法 ,可应用于昆虫几丁质酶抑制剂的快速、灵敏筛选。使用该测试方法 ,他们对一系列真菌培养物进行了筛选。试验菌株生长于静…     

N′-苯甲酰基-N-特丁基苯甲酰肼的苯并杂环类似物的合成与生物活性（上）

昆虫生长调节剂是具有生物合理性的杀虫剂 ,其独特的作用方式使其不仅对靶标昆虫具有选择性 ,而且对哺乳动物、鸟类、鱼类等非靶标生物安全无害 ,已成为作物保护的重要工具。几丁质合成抑制剂、拟保幼激素和拟蜕皮激素是三类主要的昆虫生长调节剂。类固醇蜕皮激素 2 0 羟基蜕皮素 (2 0E)调节昆虫的变态和发育 ,促使昆虫蜕皮。 2 0世纪 80年代后期 ,罗姆 哈斯公司首先开发出拟蜕皮激素化合物PH 5 84 9(抑食肼 ) ,其化学名称为N′ 苯甲酰基 N 特丁基苯甲酰肼 (BTBH) ;其后又开发出第一个商品化的鳞翅目害虫专用杀虫剂PH 5 992 (虫酰肼…     

10种植物生长调节剂的抑菌活性

为筛选植物生长调节剂中具有潜在抑菌活性的化合物,采用菌丝生长速率法分别测定了10种植物生长调节剂对番茄灰霉病菌和小麦赤霉病菌的室内抑菌活性。结果表明,10种化合物对番茄灰霉病菌和小麦赤霉病菌均表现出不同程度的毒力。化合物萘乙酸钠对小麦赤霉病菌的抑菌活性与对照霉灵相当,复硝酚钠、萘乙酸钠、吲哚丁酸钾、赤霉酸、吲哚乙酸、吲哚丁酸对番茄灰霉病菌均表现出较好的抑菌活性。初步拟定将这6种化合物作为下一步开发抑菌化合物的先导。     

抑食肼的合成工艺研究

改进了叔丁基肼盐酸盐的传统制备方法,采取母液循环套用工艺合成高纯度的叔丁基肼盐酸盐,制备了具有蜕皮激素功能的昆虫生长调节剂－抑食肼。     

用buprofezin和其他昆虫生长调节剂防治棉田害虫

苯甲酰苯基脲类化合物杀虫活性的发现揭示了化学防治公害的新途径.第一个商品化的化合物除虫脲能干扰昆虫蜕皮过程,因而作为昆虫生长调节剂使用.其主要作用方式为摄入,对某些昆虫也可通过触杀而起作用.其部分活性似乎与对于几丁质形成的生物化学过程的抑制作用有关.对于更有前途的酰脲化合物的探索工作得到了三个对农业害虫较除虫脲有更高活性的新型化合物:石原公司的chlorfluazuron、Calemerck公司的teflubenzuron     

昆虫保幼激素类似物作为昆虫生长调节剂

昆虫生长调节剂(IGRs)由于具有和常规杀虫剂不同的独特作用方式而受到人们的重视.1972年,Schafer和Wilder将IGR分成昆虫发育抑制剂(IDI)和蜕皮抑制剂(MI)两类.前者包括下面讨论的昆虫激素类似化合物,后者则包括几丁质合成抑制剂.昆虫激素在昆虫发育过程中起重要作用,其中已知的有脑激素、蜕皮激素和保幼激素.脑激素刺激前胸腺释放出蜕皮激素,蜕皮激素(α-蜕皮激素)转化为20-羟基蜕皮激素(β-蜕皮激素),刺激生成新的表皮,从而诱导蜕皮.     

国外有机磷除草剂和杀菌剂简介

有机磷化合物最早是作为杀虫剂应用于农业。到六十年代,已有五万种有机磷化合物经过杀虫性能的筛选,其中作为商品杀虫剂的有几十种,有机磷化合物在杀虫剂中的地位已是至关重要的了。只是在近来才开始在除草剂(包括植物生长调节剂)和杀菌剂方面的应用。尽管这类化合物在这方面发展得晚些,但由于其自身的特性和农业机械化的需要,却推     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。