汽车厂涂装喷漆循环水处理技术的应用现状及发展趋势

喷漆循环水作为汽车制造厂的重要环境影响因素,循环水系统的设备建造及水处理剂的选择对汽车厂的环境管理、三废排放具有极大的影响。作者介绍了汽车厂喷漆循环水处理技术的应用现状、发展趋势以及喷漆循环水处理设备构造的基本原理及影响因素,总结了目前在喷漆循环水处理中所用水处理剂的特点、性能及管理方法,展望了喷漆循环水处理技术的研究方向和发展趋势。     

河北桑沃特水处理有限责任公司

河北桑沃特水处理有限责任公司是由河北省能源研究所与河北省科学院共同组建的高新技术企业，主要从事工业循环水、锅炉水、生活用水及污水等领域的水处理技术及水处理药剂的研制、生产和销售，承担水处理工程、技术咨询及技术服务。本公司拥有国内先进的循环冷却水动态模拟试验装置，浸渍腐蚀试验装置及水垢测定试验装置，可对水处理剂进行阻垢缓蚀性能的综合评价及配方筛选。     

河北桑沃特水处理有限责任公司

河北桑沃特水处理有限责任公司是由河北省能源研究所与河北省科学院共同组建的高新技术企业，主要从事工业循环水、锅炉水、生活用水及污水等领域的水处理技术及水处理药剂的研制、生产和销售．承担水处理工程、技术咨询及技术服务。本公司拥有国内先进的循环冷却水动态模拟试验装置，浸渍腐蚀试验装置及水垢测定试验装置．可对水处理剂进行阻垢缓蚀性能的综合评价及配方筛选。     

读者信箱

工业水处理编辑部各位老师: 我们是<工业水处理>杂志的忠实读者,<工业水处理>就国家目前各种工业废水,各种水质的净化、软化及加药、各种防垢剂、阻垢剂的应用技术资料介绍,对我们的工作是有很大帮助的。各地的水处理经验和成就及国外水处理技术的报道,对我们的工作起到巨大的鼓舞和鞭策。同时我们对水     

绿色水处理剂的研究进展

介绍了绿色水处理剂的概念，对近年来水处理领域在天然高分子绿色水处理和人工合成的绿色水处理剂产品的研究及发展状况进行了详细的分类讨论，并提出今后水处理剂的发展趋势是高效、低毒、无污染的、多功能、生物降解、多元聚合、绿色的生产过程。     

陶瓷膜材料在水处理领域的应用

综述了陶瓷膜分离技术的特点、原理及在水处理各个领域的应用。并对陶瓷膜在水处理领域应用出现的问题及解决办法作了阐述,最后总结了陶瓷膜在水处理领域的研究方向和应用前景。     

关于水处理节能的研究

水处理是火力发电厂十分重要的一个环节,水处理的优劣对火力发电厂的安全、经济运行具有重要影响。本文根据个人经验,对水处理存在的问题及解决的方案进行肤浅的剖析,目的是与同行共同研究水处理系统最优化的一些思路,探讨节能、环保、降成本的可能性。     

技术服务

承接水处理技术服务项目工业水处理是化肥工业的大问题。锅炉、管道、有关设备的结垢、腐蚀都与水处理有密切的联系。为了提高设备的利用率,提高换热效果,延长设备、管道等装置的使用寿命,有关单位可提供全套水处理技术服务。其中包括饮用水除氟、循环冷却水处理,筛选循环冷却水处理配方,循环冷却水处理的操作方法,循环冷却水不停车清洗、预膜及缓蚀、阻垢、杀菌处理、水质分析,垢样分析及细菌检测,工业废水治理及废气、废渣处理;承接各类水处理工程设计;试制和代销各类水处理药剂、设备及分析仪器;培训水处理分析、检测及操作     

微污染水源水处理技术研究进展

以微量有机物,氨氮污染为主要特征的微污染水源水给常规水处理工艺提出了挑战.常规水处理工艺对此类水源水的处理效果很差,难以达到国家的饮用水标准.通过对多种水处理技术包括强化常规处理技术,化学及生物预处理,高级氧化、吸附和膜处理技术等在微污染水源水处理中的原理、作用及优缺点等进行了探讨.     

以牡蛎壳为基的水处理剂对甲苯吸附性能研究

以牡蛎壳为原料制备一种新型牡蛎壳负载壳聚糖水处理剂,研究了水处理剂对水中甲苯的吸附性能。通过单因素实验考察了水处理剂的壳聚糖/牡蛎壳质量比、pH值、水处理剂用量、吸附时间及温度对吸附甲苯的影响,确定最佳去除甲苯条件。试验分析得出水处理剂去除甲苯最佳工艺条件:壳聚糖/牡蛎壳质量比0. 08、pH=4、水处理剂用量0. 5 g、吸附时间90 min和温度23℃。该研究对牡蛎壳为基的水处理剂的开发与利用提供科学依据。     

CG800电泳漆应用研究

通过某主机厂引进CG800薄膜电泳漆,对其开展了相应的产品及配套性现场试验后应用。结果表明,CG800电泳漆具有施工范围宽、槽液稳定性好,电泳漆涂膜中性盐雾耐腐蚀性强、耐锐边腐蚀一般、外观质量较好的特点。预计其在国内市场的应用将进一步扩大。     

乙烯装置裂解气压缩机运行状态监测

本文对乙烯装置长周期运转过程中如何做好裂解气压缩机的状态监测进行了探讨。重点介绍了如何利用压缩机各段N因子和段间换热器的压差等参数对压缩机的结垢情况进行监测。并就该监测方法在实际中的应用进行了阐述。     

An Isocytidine Derivative with a 2‐Amino‐6‐methylpyridine Unit for Selective Recognition of the CG Interrupting Site in an Antiparallel Triplex DNA

Sequence‐specific recognition of duplex DNA mediated by triple helix formation offers a potential basis for oligonucleotide therapy and biotechnology. However, triplex formation is limited mostly to homopurine strands, due to poor stabilization at CG or TA base pairs in the target duplex DNA sequences. Several non‐natural nucleosides have been designed for the recognition of CG or TA base pairs within an antiparallel triplex DNA. Nevertheless, problems including low selectivity and high dependence on the neighboring bases remain unsolved. We thus synthesized N²‐arylmethyl isodC derivatives and incorporated them into triplex‐forming oligonucleotides (TFOs) for the selective recognition of the CG base pair within antiparallel triplex DNA. It was shown that an isodC derivative bearing a 2‐amino‐6‐methylpyridine moiety (AP‐isodC) recognizes the CG base pair with high selectivity in antiparallel triplex DNA irrespective of the flanking base pairs.     

Computer modelling of the interaction between human choriogonadotropin and its receptor

Primary structural homology between the hormone binding siteof the LH/CG receptor and the enzyme binding site of chymotrypsininhibitor has been identified. This has led to the applicationof a knowledge-based approach of molecular modelling to describethe interaction of choriogonadotropin (CG) with the LH/CG receptor.A tertiary structural model for the mode of recognition betweenthe hormone and the receptor has been proposed. As in othersuch processes at the molecular level, the recognition betweenCG and its receptor is mediated through non-covalent interactions.The specificity of recognition is achieved by complementarityin van der Waals surfaces, hydrogen bonding and non-polar associations.The model shows nine hydrogen bonds between the hormone andthe receptor involving polar side chains as well as backboneamine and carbonyl groups. A hydropbobic cluster involving sidechain groups at the interface is also important in stabilizationof the intermolecular interactions     

Synthesis,Surface Activity,and Antimicrobial Efficacy of Diaryliodonium Salt‐Derived Amphiphiles

Two sets of 19 amphiphiles derived from diaryliodonium salt in the form of 4‐methylbenzenesulfonate salts and trifluoromethanesulfonate salts were synthesized in good yields through the oxidation of 17 different aryl iodides using oxone (potassium peroxymonosulfate) as the oxidation agent in Route I and meta‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid as the oxidation agent in Routes II and III, followed by Friedel–Crafts reaction with (2‐(2‐(2‐methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)benzene to obtain the target compounds ( 1 – 19 ). Their structures were characterized by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹³C NMR, and high‐resolution mass spectrometry studies. Their surface activities were evaluated on the basis of surface tension and critical micelle concentration measurements by the Wilhelmy plate method at 25 °C. With their good water solubility, diaryliodonium salts ( 1 – 19 ) have excellent short‐term bactericidal efficacy against Bacillus cereus in the concentration of 600 ppm at 20 °C. After compounding 1 or 18 with the broad‐spectrum but skin‐irritating antibacterial agent Kathon CG (methylchloroisothiazolinone in combination with methylisothiazolinone) in the ratio of 1:1 by mass, both formulations maintained lethality rate of >90% after 48 h.     

Development of biodegradable natural rubber latex composites by employing corn derivative bio-fillers

This study aims to investigate the viability of employing corn-based fillers (powdered corn grain [CG], corn flour [CF] and cornstarch [CS]) to improve the biodegradability of natural rubber latex (NRL) composites by varying filler loading from 0 to 50 phr. Notable variation in both physical and mechanical properties were observed for the different filler types, with CG-filled NRL demonstrating the better adhesion with NRL. Thus, CG-filled composites were selected for investigation of biodegradability. Increased CG loading in NRL compounds enhanced biodegradation; with over 70% degradation observed for 50 phr CG loading upon 15 weeks of soil burial. However, the trade-off between mechanical properties and biodegradability limits the CG loading in the NRL matrix to 20 phr for manufacturing NRL-based products. It was observed that NRL with CG filler loading of 20 phr conforms to the ASTM D3578 standard for manufacturing rubber gloves; with 50% biodegradation upon 15 weeks of soil burial.     

Enzymatic Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of 1‐Caffeoylglycerol Prepared from Alkyl Caffeates and Glycerol

Caffeic acid (CA) as a strong antioxidant has lower solubility in nonpolar media, which limits its application in the food industry. To increase the lipophilicity of CA, 1‐caffeoylglycerol (1‐CG) was synthesized by lipase‐catalyzed transesterification of alkyl caffeates in solvent‐free system and its antioxidant capacity was investigated. Methyl caffeate was screened as the appropriate substrate from tested alkyl caffeates with a yield of 90.63%. Ethyl acetate was used for extracting 1‐CG from enzymatic reactants and could be easily recycled. The produced 1‐CG had 2.5‐ and 10‐fold lower values of half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) (10.86 and 3.99 μM) than butylated hydroxyanisole by 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging and β‐carotene‐linoleic acid assays, respectively. Thus, 1‐CG is an excellent antioxidant for application in the functional food industry. Using alkyl caffeates and glycerol as substrates to produce 1‐CG catalyzed by immobilized lipase in a solvent‐free system is a simple, selective, and safe bioprocess that can readily be achieved in the food industry, and the product 1‐CG could be widely applied in food, nutraceutical, and biotechnological products.     

Enrichment of Secondary Wastewater Sludge for Production of Hydrogen from Crude Glycerol and Comparative Evaluation of Mono-, Co- and Mixed-Culture Systems

Anaerobic digestion using mixed-culture with broader choice of pretreatments for hydrogen (H₂) production was investigated. Pretreatment of wastewater sludge by five methods, such as heat, acid, base, microwave and chloroform was conducted using crude glycerol (CG) as substrate. Results for heat treatment (100 °C for 15 min) showed the highest H₂ production across the pretreatment methods with 15.18 ± 0.26 mmol/L of medium at 30 °C in absence of complex media and nutrient solution. The heat-pretreated inoculum eliminated H₂ consuming bacteria and produced twice as much as H₂ as compared to other pretreatment methods. The fermentation conditions, such as CG concentration (1.23 to 24 g/L), percentage of inoculum size (InS) (1.23% to 24% v/v) along with initial pH (2.98 to 8.02) was tested using central composite design (CCD) with H₂ production as response parameter. The maximum H₂ production of 29.43 ± 0.71 mmol/L obtained at optimum conditions of 20 g/L CG, 20% InS and pH 7. Symbiotic correlation of pH over CG and InS had a significant (p-value: 0.0011) contribution to H₂ production. The mixed-culture possessed better natural acclimatization activity for degrading CG, at substrate inhibition concentration and provided efficient inoculum conditions in comparison to mono- and co-culture systems. The heat pretreatment step used across mixed-culture system is simple, cheap and industrially applicable in comparison to mono-/co-culture systems for H₂ production.     

Studies on the stability of Kathon® CG/ICP Microbicide in alpha olefin sulfonate Based systems

Kathon^® CG/ICP Microbicide (Rohm & Haas Co.) which contains 1.5% 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 0.35% 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one as active ingredients has been found to be a highly efficient antimicrobial preservative for formulated products. However, its use has been contra-indicated for formulations containing certain anionic surfactants, especially AOS, because of the suspected presence of residual bisulfite ion added to remove residual hypochlorite remaining at the end of the bleaching process. It has been found that sulfite ion is not stable in the complex mixture of components in commercially produced AOS. AOS samples tested, whether bleached or not, contained residual reducing capacity, but of a sufficiently low redox potential as to not affect Kathon^® CG/ICP Microbicide stability. Alternative analytical methods for analysis for bisulfite in AOS and other surfactant systems are discussed. A new HPLC method for determination of Kathon^® CG/ICP Microbicide level in formulated products was developed.     

Biodiesel of tucum oil,synthesized by methanolic and ethanolic routes

Biodiesel was obtained by transesterification of tucum oil in anhydrous ethanol and methanol and employed NaOH as catalyst. The products obtained were characterized by physical chemical, NMR, FTIR, CG and thermogravimetric analysis. It could be concluded that the properties of the two types of biodiesel (ethanolic and methanolic) were very similar when compared with diesel oil.