低浴比液流染色机染色技术与工艺条件的控制分析

传统溢流染色机染色,织物完全浸渍在水中,定义为浸渍式交换染色,而低浴比液流染色机染色,布槽内布液分离,织物的得色主要是依靠在喷嘴系统内与织物的充分接触交换后完成,可称为接触式交换染色,其染化料、温度、布速和浴比等工艺条件的控制与织物和染液交换频次密切相关,特别是浴比,直接关系到染液循环的次数,因此,正确控制的浴比基本保证了其他工艺条件,从而保证了染色质量。     

桔子皮对棉织物的染色实践

采用单因素实验分析了加热时间对桔子皮染液吸光度的影响,确定了桔子皮染液的提取条件。采用硫酸铝钾做媒染剂,分析讨论了同浴媒染、预媒染、后媒染3种染色方法。通过桔子皮染液直接对纯棉织物进行染色,选取染色时间、染色温度、浴比3个因素,用单因素实验以及正交试验分析讨论了直接染色织物的上染率,测试了织物的导水性、升华色牢度以及耐洗色牢度。结果表明,桔子皮染液提取工艺中最佳加热时间为55 min,桔子皮染液直接染棉织物的优化工艺为:染色温度60℃,染色时间50 min,浴比1∶50,最佳媒染方式为后媒染,前处理后棉织物润湿性达标,染色织物导水性良好,染色织物的升华色牢度、耐洗色牢度符合国家标准。     

薄荷天然染料提取及真丝织物染色性能

研究了薄荷染料提取工艺,及对真丝织物进行染色,讨论了乙醇浓度、提取温度、提取时间、液料比对薄荷染液提取的影响,及染色温度、染色时间、浴比、p H值、不同媒染方法对真丝织物染色效果的影响,测试了真丝织物的上染率、染色牢度。结果表明,提取薄荷色素最佳条件为:乙醇浓度为60 mol/L,在60℃下提取135 min,料液比为1∶10。真丝织物的染色优化工艺为:室温20℃染色20 min、浴比1∶85、调节染液p H值为10。薄荷提取液染色真丝织物色牢度好,媒染染色可提高真丝织物的上染率。     

山竹壳色素对棉针织物染色性能分析

介绍了山竹壳提取液以及松香粉固色液的制备方法,并以山竹壳提取液为染液用于纯棉针织物的染色。测试并分析了染液用量、p H值、染色温度、染色时间等因素对染色效果的影响,并设计正交试验确定了最佳染色工艺。对松香粉固色前后织物的色牢度进行对比,并对织物的匀染性和顶破强力进行测试。结果表明,山竹壳提取液上染纯棉针织物的最佳工艺为:染液用量8.5%,p H值为6,浴比1∶40,温度85℃,时间70 min;松香粉固色液固色后的织物耐皂洗色牢度和耐摩擦色牢度均可提升1~2级;山竹壳提取液上染纯棉针织物时,匀染性好,顶破强力基本保持不变。     

低能耗气液染色机的开发与应用

介绍了气液染色机的设计开发及其应用性能。气液染色机将气流染色与溢喷染色相结合,以气流牵引织物循环,染液与织物交换,完成染料对织物纤维的上染过程。气液染色机采用独立的气流循环,可降低风机功率;通过染液与被染织物的组合交换方式,在提高匀染性的同时,扩大了织物适用品种范围;采用逆流喷射式水洗,则不仅提高水洗效率和净洗效果,而且还降低耗水量。     

天然植物染料紫鸭跖草的提取及其对羊毛织物的染色性能

用含1%盐酸的90%乙醇提取紫鸭跖草染液,并对该提取液的稳定性及对羊毛织物的染色效果进行研究。通过直接染色单因素实验,媒染染色实验确定了最佳染色工艺条件。结果表明:溶液的pH值对紫鸭跖草提取液的稳定性影响最大;染液可以直接上染毛织物,染液浓度和染液pH值是影响直接染色的最大因素;直接染色的工艺条件为:染色时间60 min,染液温度80℃,pH值4,染色浓度0.6x,浴比1∶40;后媒染染色比预媒染效果好;通过铝媒染处理的后媒染染色正交试验得到的最佳工艺为:温度60℃,媒染时间40 min,浴比1∶40,媒染剂用量6%(owf)。织物的各项染色牢度均达到3级以上。     

银杏叶天然染料对锦氨织物的浸染染色

文中利用超声波辅助法提取银杏叶天然染料,用于锦氨织物浸染染色。研究了预媒法染色条件如染色温度、染色时间、染液pH值、染料浓度对银杏叶染料上染锦氨织物K/S值的影响,测试了染色后织物的耐摩擦色牢度和耐皂洗色牢度,并与直接染色工艺、同媒后媒染色工艺对比。结果表明,银杏叶天然染料对锦氨织物采用预媒法和后媒法染色K/S值较大;预媒染色较优的工艺为FeSO_4浓度5%,媒染温度60℃,媒染时间40 min;染色较优工艺染色温度80℃,染色时间50 min,染液pH值4,浴比1∶30。染色后织物的耐摩擦色牢度4～5级,耐皂洗沾色牢度4级。     

气流染色技术现状与发展

气流染色技术具有高效、节能和环保的特性,其改变了传统的绳状织物循环的牵引方法和与染液的交换方式.空气动力循环系统,采用雾化原理或气压渗透原理喷嘴的染液循环系统,以及染色过程控制系统是其核心技术;与溢流喷射染色综合性能相比,气流染色技术环保性能好,染色设备的性价比高;目前不足之处是织物易擦伤,染色工艺还不成熟.气流染色发展前景是加快研发完全适于气流染色的工艺,实现动态质量控制和多管大容量操作.     

绳状织物小浴比染色控制

从间歇式染色的浴比、染色温度、染液浓度和机内织物堆积等影响因素出发,对小浴比染色常见问题进行讨论.通过控制染色过程和影响因素,可使小浴比染色在节能、降耗和减排的同时,具有理想的染色质量和重现性.     

冬青叶染液的提取及其对真丝织物的染色研究北大核心

优化冬青叶天然染料提取的条件及提取液对真丝织物染色的条件。通过正交试验分析讨论了提取温度、提取时间、料液比对冬青染液吸光度的影响以及染色温度、染色时间、浴比对织物上染率的影响,并分析了预媒染、同浴媒染、后媒染3种染色方式及媒染剂用量对真丝织物上染率及色牢度的影响。结果表明,冬青染液提取的最佳工艺为:温度80℃,时间80 min,料液比1∶20;直接染色的最佳工艺为:温度60℃,时间60 min,浴比1∶35;后媒染方式对冬青叶染料染色真丝绸的上染率有明显提高,媒染剂用量为6 g/L,媒染染色对真丝染色牢度无明显影响,且耐汗渍色牢度达国家优级品标准。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the