Cl-对CO2环境下的碳钢腐蚀影响

为了研究Cl-对CO2环境下的碳钢腐蚀影响,通过挂片失重实验、腐蚀产物膜形貌观察和腐蚀电化学测试,从多角度分析了Cl-对CO2环境下的碳钢腐蚀影响规律.失重实验表明,20#低碳钢的腐蚀速率随氯离子浓度的增大,出现先增大后逐渐减小的趋势.从腐蚀形貌观测的结果来看,腐蚀产物膜产生由疏松到致密的变化.腐蚀电化学测试则反映出随着Cl-浓度的增大,扩散控制作用逐渐增强以及试样表面活化面积不断的减少.     

土壤环境因素对碳钢接地材料腐蚀性影响

土壤环境因素对碳钢接地网材料腐蚀性有很大影响。为此,采用在60℃恒温烘箱中模拟土壤环境因素中的含水量、pH、总含盐量、酸度、碱度、SO42-浓度、Cl-浓度七个因素研究土壤腐蚀规律。恒温加速腐蚀一个月后计算腐蚀速率、观察腐蚀形貌并研究腐蚀机理。结果表明,随着含水量的增加腐蚀速率先增大后减小;随着Cl-浓度增加腐蚀性增强,当Cl-浓度78mg/kg时腐蚀速率突然变小;pH增大腐蚀速率先减小后增大;SO42-浓度、总含盐量、酸度和碱度的增加土壤的腐蚀速率增大。     

ND钢、316L、20#碳钢在硫酸介质中的腐蚀行为

对ND钢、316L、20#碳钢在硫酸介质中的腐蚀情况进行了研究,探讨了硫酸浓度、腐蚀温度以及试样旋转速度对腐蚀速率的影响。结果表明三种材质在低浓度硫酸中腐蚀速率较快,而在高浓度时腐蚀较慢,且随着温度的升高、试样旋转速度的增加而增大,三种材质在硫酸中的腐蚀速率顺序为:316L不锈钢20#碳钢>ND钢,以ND钢最耐硫酸腐蚀。     

20#碳钢和321不锈钢在高温环烷酸中的腐蚀行为

高温环烷酸腐蚀是加工高酸原油过程中主要的腐蚀问题,温度和环烷酸浓度对其影响很大。本工作采用动态高温反应釜研究了不同温度和环烷酸浓度下20#碳钢和321不锈钢的腐蚀行为。结果表明,两种材质在环烷酸中的腐蚀速率随温度升高均呈现先增加后减小的规律。在环烷酸浓度为5%时,碳钢在280℃时腐蚀速率最高,而321不锈钢在260~280℃时腐蚀速率最高。在280℃时,随环烷酸浓度的增大,两种材料的腐蚀速率急剧增加,但浓度对两种材料的腐蚀速率加速比不同。在一定的环烷酸浓度下,两种材料的腐蚀速率发生突跃,对于20#碳钢,在环烷酸浓度1.5%~2%时存在一个腐蚀突跃区,而321不锈钢的腐蚀突跃区在环烷酸浓度为3%~5%之间。     

地下水溶液中Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)和CO_3~(2-)离子对碳钢腐蚀性能的影响

通过化学浸泡法研究了中国西北某地区地下水模拟溶液中的主要侵蚀性离子Cl-、SO42-、CO32-对碳钢Q235的侵蚀作用。结果表明,碳钢的腐蚀速率随溶液中Cl-浓度增大先上升后下降,缝隙腐蚀深度先减小后增大;SO42-对腐蚀有一定的抑制作用,随SO42-的加入,降低了均匀腐蚀速率和缝隙腐蚀深度;CO32-通过影响p H值改变了腐蚀产物的形貌和成分,生成没有保护性的Fe CO3腐蚀产物膜,容易产生点蚀;随CO32-浓度的升高,缝隙腐蚀有增大的趋势。     

湖南地区大气腐蚀严酷性的环境因素与大气腐蚀监测仪评定

通过大气暴晒试验和大气腐蚀监测仪(ACM)技术研究了碳钢在湖南大气环境中的腐蚀行为,探讨了大气环境因素、样品形状因子等对大气环境腐蚀严酷性评估的影响.结果表明,湖南地区碳钢腐蚀速率与空气中SO2沉积量呈正相关关系,但氯化工厂附近Cl-的沉积量成为了影响碳钢腐蚀的重要因素.在相同大气环境中,Q345钢的腐蚀速率快于Q23...     

H2S和CO2分压及Cl-浓度对L360QCS钢腐蚀行为的影响

通过高温高压反应釜模拟普光气田集输环境,研究H2S和CO2分压及Cl-浓度对普光气田用集输管线钢L360QCS钢腐蚀行为的影响。采用失重法测试腐蚀速率,用四点弯曲法进行应力腐蚀试验,结合宏观形貌观察和扫描电镜(SEM)微观观察及能谱(EDS)分析,进行了综合研究。在H2S和CO2分压比固定的情况下,随着H2S压力升高,腐蚀速率先降后升。压力较低时,L360QCS应力腐蚀试样表面均出现不同程度的氢鼓泡,当压力升高时,氢鼓泡减少或者消失。腐蚀速率随着Cl-浓度的升高而增大,达到临界值后,腐蚀速率随着Cl-浓度的升高而降低;在低浓度条件下,Cl-浓度的增加会促进点蚀的发生,进而诱发裂纹的产生;而当Cl-浓度增加到临界值时,腐蚀产物的沉积可以抑制点蚀的生成,从而使材料的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性降低。     

2205双相不锈钢在不同Cl~-含量的饱和H_2S/CO_2溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用全面腐蚀实验及SEM,EDS等表面分析技术研究了2205双相不锈钢在不同Cl-含量的饱和H2S/CO2溶液中腐蚀速率、腐蚀形态以及腐蚀表面膜层成分,并建立腐蚀过程机制模型。结果表明:随着温度与Cl-浓度的变化,腐蚀速率发生变化的转折点在Cl-浓度为(57-100)×10-6时,p H=4时,Cl-为170×10-6,温度50℃时的腐蚀速率最大,p H=6时,Cl-为170×10-6,温度80℃时的腐蚀速率最大,其最大腐蚀速率不超过0.004 mm/a;腐蚀表面形成较为致密的钝化膜,随着温度与氯离子浓度的升高,表面出现3~5μm的不稳定点蚀核。     

高炉干法除尘煤气管道的腐蚀行为

以宝钢1号高炉现场煤气管网洗涤水成分为参考,配制不同成分模拟溶液,采用实验室模拟试验、加速试验以及失重法研究Q345碳钢在模拟高炉管道环境中在模拟溶液中的腐蚀行为。从溶液的不同Cl-浓度、pH、温度等条件研究分析了影响Q345碳钢腐蚀速率的因素。并利用红外光谱(IR)和XRD射线衍射对腐蚀产物进行了表征和分析。     

碳钢在不同氯盐浓度下腐蚀速率的研究

为研究碳钢腐蚀速率与氯盐浓度关系,以Q235碳钢为例,采用实验与理论分析相结合的方法,对碳钢在2%、3.5%、5%的NaCl溶液中的腐蚀规律进行研究,分析了碳钢腐蚀速率随氯盐浓度的变化规律。结果表明,在不同氯盐浓度环境中,碳钢的腐蚀速率表现为先减小后趋于稳定;在腐蚀初期,由于Cl-的存在使得碳钢表面钝化膜被迅速破坏,因此腐蚀速率较大,且随氯盐浓度升高而增大;稳定后的碳钢腐蚀速率随氯盐浓度增大表现为先增大后减小,且通过分析得到在氯盐浓度为3.5%时腐蚀速率最大。     

在Q235钢表面原位生长的氧化铁膜对其在含Cl-溶液中腐蚀行为的影响Ⅰ-原位生长的γ-FeOOH膜的防护性能

    利用动电位极化曲线和交流阻抗谱等电化学测量技术,研究了Q235钢表面原位生长的γ- FeOOH膜在0.25 mol/L Na₂SO₄+10^-4mol/L NaCl、0.25 mol/L Na₂SO₄+10-3mol/L NaCl、0.25 mol/L Na₂SO₄+10^-2 mol/L NaCl水溶液中的电化学行为及在不同浓度的Cl^-水溶液中γ-FeOOH膜对Q235钢的保护作用.结果表明,Cl^-含量较低时,γ-FeOOH膜的存在明显地促进了Q235钢的阴极反应,该膜对基材无保护作用;随Cl-浓度的增加,阴极电流密度大幅减小,当Cl^-浓度达到10^-2 mol/L时,γ-FeOOH 膜能在一定程度上抑制基材的腐蚀,此时γ-FeOOH膜表现出对基材有保护作用.     

Effect of calcium ions on pitting corrosion and inhibition performance in CO2 corrosion of N80 steel

The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization resistance technique were used to investigate the susceptibility of N80 steel to pitting corrosion under stagnant condition and the corrosion behavior under flowing condition with/without precorrosion in 3% NaCl solution, in 3% NaCl + 1.5% CaCl₂ solution and in 4.6% NaCl solution (equivalent Cl⁻ concentration to 3% NaCl + 1.5% CaCl₂ solution) saturated by CO₂ at 57 °C. The results showed that under stagnant condition the initiation period of pitting corrosion decreased with increasing Cl⁻ concentration, but at the same Cl⁻ concentration, Ca²⁺ could prolong the initiation period. Under flowing condition the corrosion rate without stagnant precorrosion was bigger than that with precorrosion, and the corrosion rate with precorrosion in 3% NaCl solution was bigger than that in 3% NaCl + 1.5% CaCl₂ solution. Inhibition of quaternary alkynoxymethyl amine (IMC-80-Q) under stagnant condition showed that the optimum inhibitor concentration significantly increased with the increase of Cl⁻ concentration from 3% NaCl solution to 4.6% NaCl solution, and for the solutions with the same Cl⁻ concentration, adding Ca²⁺ did not change the optimum inhibitor concentration.     

45#钢表面激光织构淬火减摩抗磨复合处理技术研究

目的提高45#钢零件的表面硬度和润滑减摩性能。方法在45#钢试样表面进行激光淬火,研究激光功率和扫描速度对淬火表面淬硬层深度和宽度的影响,分析淬硬层不同区域的显微硬度和微观组织。利用二极管泵浦Nd:YAG激光加工机在45#钢光滑试样表面加工出具有一定分布规律的微凹坑织构,采用热压法向其中填入由MoS2、聚酰亚胺和石墨组成的复合固体润滑剂,并与未处理的光滑试样进行摩擦学性能对比。结果将激光织构与淬火技术有效融合,可以使45#钢表面硬度提高至835HV,摩擦系数减小约50%。结论激光织构淬火减摩抗磨复合处理技术能够提高45#钢零件的表面硬度,减小摩擦系数,具有很好的工程应用前景。     

Effect of ascorbic acid on the pitting resistance of 316L stainless steel in synthetic tap water

This study examined the effect of L-ascorbic acid (A.A) concentration on the pitting corrosion properties of 316L stainless steel (316L STS) of heat exchanger in synthetic tap water containing 400 ppm of Cl- ion. The pitting corrosion of 316L STS can be effectively inhibited by the 10^-4 M of A.A concentration. In this condition, the adsorption of A.A reinforced the passive film of steel by blocking the Cl^- ions at the active site. However, the passive film was deteriorated and severe pitting corrosion occurred above the 10^-4 M of A.A concentration. Above the 10^-4 M of A.A concentration, A.A generates soluble chelate rather than absorbs on the steel surface and it causes passive film deterioration and severe pitting corrosion. The critical ratio, which is a critical ratio of surface coverage of aggressive to inhibitive ion necessary to initiate localized corrosion, calculated 2.93 up to the 10^-4 M. It has approximately 2.93:1 ratio of the coverage of local Cl^- ions to A.A. Above the critical ratio, the pitting corrosion will occur with degradation of the passive film. On the other hands, above the 10^-4 M A.A concentration caused a negative effect because the heat energy for adsorption is increased.     

Influence of Ca on mierostructure and corrosion resistance of Mg-14Li alloy

In order to improve the corrosion resistance of magnesium lithium alloy, Mg-14Li alloy with different content of Ca (0, 3, 5, 10wt.%) was prepared with a induction melting furnace. Electrochemical test and corrosion test were carried out in NaCI solution with different Cl^- concentrations. The results indicate that the microstructure of the Mg-14Li alloy with Ca consists of dendritic β phase and eutectic structure (β+CaMg₂). With the increase of Ca addition from 0, to 3, 5, 10wt.%, the corrosion resistance of the Mg-14Li alloy initially increases first and then decreases, and that of alloy with 3% Ca is the best. Therefore, the corrosion resistance of Mg-14Li alloy in NaCI solution can be effectively improved by adding proper amount of Ca. In addition, the concentration of Cl^- was one of important factors affecting the corrosion resistance of the Mg-14Li alloy, and the influence of Ca was slighter than that of Cl^-.

     

Anodic behaviour and pitting corrosion of plain carbon steel in NaOH solutions containing Cl- ions

The anodic behaviour of hot-rolled and hardened carbon steel was investigated potentiodynamically in NaOH solutions with and without NaCl as a pitting corrodent. The pitting corrosion potential of the steel electrodes shifts in the negative direction with increasing concentration of the Cl^- ions, following sigmoidal curves. Increasing the tempering temperature of the hardened steel from 125 to 600 °C enhances the susceptibility to pitting corrosion owing to sequential structure changes. Addition of soluble starch shifts the pitting corrosion potential in the noble direction denoting inhibition of the pitting attack.     

不同水工况下超临界机组水冷壁管材料的腐蚀特性研究

利用OM,SEM/EDS和XRD等测试手段,研究了模拟还原性全挥发处理(AVT(R))和给水加氧处理(OT)工况下Cl-及Cl-/SO42-对超临界机组水冷壁管材料15CrMoG的腐蚀特性的影响。结果表明:在AVT(R)工况下试片表面氧化物颗粒比OT工况更为均一且分布均匀;在含Cl-或Cl-/SO42-模拟OT溶液工况中,试片腐蚀程度随离子浓度增大而增大。在相同离子浓度的OT工况溶液中试片的腐蚀程度比AVT(R)更严重,且在同一工况下相同离子浓度的Cl-/SO42-比Cl-侵蚀性强。由于点蚀的自催化作用,在模拟AVT(R)和OT工况溶液中试片均会发生严重局部腐蚀。EDS结果表明,两种工况不同离子溶液中试片的点蚀坑内均未发现Cl-,但测得S的含量与水冷壁管成分相比显著增高。     

Corrosion behavior of steel in Chengdao offshore oil exploitation area

From September 1992 to September 1995, the corrosion behavior of three marine steels was studied in Chengdao offshore area by means of individually and electro‐connectedly hanging plates in order to provide data for anticorrosion design of oil‐exploitation structures there. The variation trend of corrosion rate with exposure time showed that the variation curves and degrees of three steels were generally identical and had nothing to do with the exposure time. The whole change trend of corrosion rates in three years showed that the corrosion rates of 20^# steel were nearly identical in different positions, each of which was a little lower than that of 16 Mn steel specimens in corresponding positions, also was lower than that of A₃ steel specimens in tidal zone and immersion zone. Although 20^# steel corroded rapidly at first, its corrosion rate has a decreasing trend in the long‐term service. Therefore, 20^# steel is feasible to be applied for a long time in various marine zones, especially nearby the low tidal line and immersion zone. The results of A₃ steel, 16 Mn steel and 20^# steel by means of electrically connected hanging plate in three years indicated that the corrosion of the steel specimens in the splash zone was the most severe as the result of dry‐wet cycle and macrocell effect. Specimens in the other positions corroded mildly, and that in tidal zone corroded most slowly. The corrosion rate of 20^# steel was the highest among the three steels in the test, and the corrosion rates of A₃ steel and 16 Mn steel were identical on the whole. When the specimens were hanged electro‐connectedly, the macrocell effect generally tended to increase with exposure time. The highest corrosion rate of A₃ steel in the splash zone in the three years was about 0.278 mm/a, while that of 16 Mn steel was about 0.321 mm/a, and that of 20^# steel was 0.330 mm/a or so. In contrast, the corrosion rate of the steels in the tidal zone was the lowest in three years, which were 0.052 mm/a (A₃ steel), 0.048 mm/a (16 Mn steel) and 0.040 mm/a (20^# steel).     

环氧粉末涂层在1.5mol/LNaCl溶液中的失效行为

通过电化学阻抗谱(EIS)对两种环氧粉末涂层在1.5 mol/LNaCl溶液中的失效行为进行了研究,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能谱仪(EDS)对涂层底部金属表面的腐蚀产物进行了分析,探讨了环氧粉末涂层在1.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中的失效机理。结果表明,在1.5 mol/L NaCl溶液中,Cl-等腐蚀介质能在涂层中形成传输通道渗透到涂层与金属界面,并参与界面的腐蚀反应,腐蚀产物主要为Fe的氧化物和氯化物。     

Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of 316L stainless steel exposed to CO2–H2S–Cl− environments in the absence and presence of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA)

Stress corrosion cracking (SCC) behaviour of 316L stainless steel in CO₂–H₂S–Cl^? environments with and without methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) was investigated by slow strain rate testing and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that elongation ratio, reduction in area ratio (RAR) and time to failure ratio (TTFR) of 316L stainless steel were low in CO₂–H₂S–Cl^? environments. The corresponding fractography exhibited flat brittle fracture with quasi-cleavage pattern, indicative of high SCC susceptibility. Hydrogen penetration and corrosion pits could be responsible for the high SCC susceptibility of 316L stainless steel in this condition. For the CO₂–H₂S–Cl^? environments in the presence of MDEA, 316L stainless steel possessed high ER, RAR and TTFR (nearly 100%). High SCC resistance of 316L stainless steel could be associated with MDEA induced removal of H₂S/CO₂ and absorption on the steel surface.