继电保护定值计算机计算中的图论新算法

本系统地提出了继电保护机辅整定的图论新算法。它主要包括：（１）简单回路的严格定义和搜索的简便方法；（２）以虚拟支路概念代替虚拟节点概念；（３）用主／后备保护关系的概念代替现有的主／后备保护对的概念，并提出了直接由关联矩阵求出主／后备保护关系的简便算法。     

利用回路新息相角差代数和识别拓扑结构变化

提出回路新息相角差代数和的概念。回路新息相角差代数和等于回路新息电势源的代数和。在新息图上计算各回路的新息相角差代数和，找出若干新息相角差代数和绝对值明显非零的回路，就是包含表明拓扑结构变化的电势源的回路。通过换树，将这些回路中公共的树支变换到连支上，从而确定电势源位置。这种直接计算电势源数值的方法，不仅能够区分拓扑结构变化和负荷突变，而且为拓扑结构变化识别提供了主要判据。文中给出了IEEE-5节点和30节点的算例。     

继电保护整定计算中形成简单回路的方法

形成电力网络中的所有简单回路的方法是影响断点求取算法效率的关键步骤，该文针对现代电网回路分布的特点，以基本回路线性组合方法为基础，提出了一种形成所有简单回路的新方法，即将已经形成的简单回路或复合回路与基本回路进行回路组合，得到新的简单回路，新方法不但可以排除多种无效的回路组合，而且回路组合计算量小，算例证明了文中思想和算法的正确性。     

超高压电磁环网的特点与案例分析

针对仍普遍存在的超、特高压电磁环网,结合省级电网的实例总结了电磁环网的不同发展形态和结构,认为电磁环网的主要风险在于潮流转移和控制,并提出了衡量电磁环网强弱和风险的耦合度指标。在网络结构优化和加强方面,认为强耦合的弱电磁环应优先加强上级电网,弱耦合的强电磁环应优先考虑短路控制和简化结构,多级电磁环应尽快解耦等,分析了电磁环网的典型分片方案。鉴于超、特高压电磁环网将长期存在,阐述了电磁环网单一和连锁跳闸后实用化的潮流转移控制方法,特别是针对大功率、强耦合型电磁环网提出了一种严重故障后快速切除联络元件的非常规稳定控制措施,以实现解耦控制、均衡潮流,有效提升过渡期电网的稳定水平和输电能力。在实际电网中的多个应用实例表明其效果良好。     

A New Distribution System Reconfiguration Approach Using Optimum Power Flow and Sensitivity Analysis for Loss Reduction

This paper presents a new approach for distribution system reconfiguration (DSR) based on optimum power flow (OPF) in which the branch statuses (open/close) are represented by continuous functions. In the proposed approach, all branches are initially considered closed, and from the OPF results, a heuristic technique is used to determine the next loop to be broken by opening one switch. Then the list of switches that are candidates to be opened is updated, and the above process is repeated until all loops are broken, making the distribution system radial. This paper includes results and comparisons on test systems utilized in three classical papers published in the technical literature, as well as in a previous paper by the authors. Results obtained on a real large-scale distribution system are also presented     

水轮发电机定子绕组内部故障稳态电量仿真及其规律探讨

应用多回路理论建立水轮发电机定子绕组内部故障分析的通用数学模型,引入回路关联矩阵减少回路方程总数并自动形成各种故障形式的回路参数,对水轮发电机定子绕组内部故障的稳态性能进行仿真计算,探讨了水轮发电机定子绕组内部故障（如匝间短路,支路间短路等）规律。     

基于改进粒子群算法的电流互感器J-A模型参数辨识

在应用Jiles-Atherton(J-A)磁滞模型对电流互感器的磁滞回线进行分析时,需对J-A磁滞模型中5个关键参数进行精确识辨.针对目前辨识方法存在的计算时间长和寻优能力差等问题,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法对J-A磁滞模型中的关键参数进行辨识.该算法将遗传选择策略引入到粒子群算法中,通过增加粒子群的多样性来提高了算...     

谐波谐振的模态分析法及其应用

通过计算与分析,论证了系统并联谐振频率与回路串联谐振频率完全相同。比较几种不同的模态分析法并得出结论：基于节点导纳矩阵或基于节点阻抗矩阵的模态分析法适用于系统并联谐振分析,且两种方法结果相同;基于回路阻抗矩阵的模态分析法适用于回路串联谐振分析,由于系统回路串联谐振频率与并联谐振频率完全相同,因而与系统并联谐振分析结果相同,单一使用基于回路阻抗矩阵的模态分析法并不能求得支路串联谐振频率;结合运用基于节点导纳矩阵的模态分析法和虚拟支路法,可求得包括支路串联谐振频率在内的系统全部谐波谐振频率。论证了虚拟支路法对于支路串联谐振分析的适用性。     

一种基于回路电流法的有源配电网潮流算法

提出一种基于回路电流法的主动配电网三相潮流算法,并提出风机等多种分布式电源在该算法中的计算模型。首先建立配电网络对应的图,然后将基本回路电流、变压器原边支路电压、非恒阻抗负荷支路电压、分布式电源支路电压、异步电机正序负序电压、转差率作为未知量,列写回路KVL方程、变压器原副边电流方程、负荷功率平衡方程以及分布式电源相关方程,推导Jacobian矩阵,并利用牛顿法求解方程。该方法不需要PV节点转化为PQ节点的过程,也不需要将环路解列及复杂的节点编号,没有对Jacobian矩阵进行简化和近似,具有二阶收敛性。算例表明,所提方法计算速度快,能够处理所有常见的分布式电源,具有较强环路处理能力,且比前推回推法有更好的收敛性。     

A heuristic method for feeder reconfiguration and service restoration in distribution networks

A sequential switch opening method is proposed for minimum loss feeder reconfiguration in this paper. The algorithm is further extended for service restoration. The method is based on the branch power flow rather than the current flow as reported in earlier methods. The final algorithm arrives at opening of a branch in a loop carrying minimum resistive power flow to make the network radial causing minimum loss. The test results reveal that the proposed method yields optimal configuration with reduced computation burden and better restoration plan.     

The set of lagrange and routh formulations for non-linear networks

Formulations of systems of Lagrange and Routh equations for arbitrary non-linear electrical circuits are given. the use of Routh equations for this purpose is new. It is proved that these formulations are equivalent to the complete system of Kirchhoff equations (instead of only a part of it as in prior works). the vector of generalized coordinates for the system of Lagrange equations consists of four subvectors (loop charges for fundamental loops, cut-set fluxes for fundamental cut-sets, branch fluxes for voltage and flux controlled elements and branch charges for current and charge controlled elements). For the defined set of Lagrange formulations, the uniqueness of a parametric representation is proved. the structure of the Lagrange (Hamilton, Routh) formulation set is then studied and it is proved that this set is an Abelian group. A duality of Lagrange triples for electrically and topologically dual circuits is established and it is proved that this relation between the sets of Lagrange triples is an isomorphism. It is also shown that the Brayton-Moser equations and the anti-Lagrangian equations similar to those of M. Mili? and L. Novak represent partial cases of the formulated set.     

高阶无源滤波器对比分析

利用回路电流法推导了现有的LCL、LLCL、LCCL、LLCCL、L(LCL)_2型滤波器逆变器侧电压到电网侧电流的传递函数。对于这5种高阶无源滤波器,在幅频域下,从谐波抑制效果和谐振特性两方面分别进行深入研究。利用R_d和R_d-C_d阻尼法对高阶滤波器可能存在的谐振点进行谐振抑制,针对含有双并联谐振支路的高阶无源滤波器进行不同支路阻尼效果对比分析,并确定最佳阻尼支路。通过仿真对理论分析的正确性进行验证,表明L(LCL)_2型滤波器谐波抑制效果最佳,同时可以缩小器件尺寸并降低器件的成本造价。     

基于供电环路非连通条件的配电网辐射状约束描述方法

配电网的辐射状拓扑结构是在对配电网问题的分析中需要考虑的重要约束条件,但是目前描述配电网拓扑的数学模型都较为复杂,影响了问题求解的效率。为了能够在对配电网辐射状约束进行等价描述的同时减小其模型的规模和复杂度,提出了一种基于供电环路非连通条件的配电网辐射状约束描述方法。首先利用配电网供电环路的概念,提出配电网满足辐射状拓扑的充分必要条件。同时,提出一种搜索配电网中所有供电环路的算法。然后给出一种路径状态与支路状态相互之间线性转换的方法。最后,将所提方法应用于配电网的故障恢复重构问题中,采用IEEE标准配电系统和某省会城市的实际配电网算例,对比不同辐射状约束描述方法的计算性能,验证所提方法的高效性和实用性。     

Development of a three-phase power-flow calculation method for distribution systems with automatic handling of arbitrary winding connections of transformers

Single-phase loads and photovoltaic generation cause three-phase imbalance in distribution systems, and prospective growth of normal chargers of electric vehicles may even increase the imbalance. The analysis of such unbalanced systems requires the three-phase power-flow calculation. Since existing methods require the admittance matrices of three-phase transformers, they must be derived for all possible winding connection patterns in advance to its computer-code implementation. This paper proposes a three-phase power-flow calculation method which formulates circuit equations using the modified nodal analysis, making it possible to automatically handle any winding connection. The power-flow constraints are then embedded into the circuit equations using a fixed-point iteration. Newton-Raphson, backward/forward sweep and fixed-point iteration methods are the existing three categories of solution methods. Newton-Raphson methods may show convergence problems due to the high R/X ratios of distribution lines. Backward/forward sweep methods cannot be used, because loops are temporarily formed in a distribution system during circuit switching. These justify the use of a fixed-point iteration. In this paper, the proposed method is validated by practical examples.     

Power conditioner control and protection for distributed generators and storage

This paper describes an integrated control and protection scheme for the power conditioner used by the medium rating grid-connected distributed generators and storage devices. The proposed control scheme consists of two loops: a steady-state loop that achieves optimum harmonic output by selective elimination of low-order harmonics and a transient loop based on space vector methods that enhances the transient response of the generator and provides overcurrent protection and fault rejection. The paper presents simulation studies of a grid-connected storage device equipped with a controller based on the proposed scheme. The results of these studies demonstrate the robustness of the controller to varying line conditions and disturbances.     

基于广域测量系统的新息图辨识不良数据方法

相量测量单元(PMU)子站能够测量电压、电流的幅值和相角,提供全面的系统信息。文中利用PMU采集的电压、电流相量,基于交流潮流建模的新息图法提出了使用基尔霍夫电压定律(KVL)辨识不良数据的方法。首先推导了新息网络中存在共用树支支路的2个回路的回路电压降之间的关联关系,然后利用关联关系辨识出回路中包含的不良数据,具有计算量小、计算速度快、适用于广域测量系统(WAMS)的优点。该方法与新息差向量配合使用,可以辨识新息差向量不能辨识的不良数据,提高了新息图法辨识不良数据的能力。通过IEEE30节点系统验证了该方法的有效性,从算例可以看出该方法辨识强相关不良数据效果较好。     

A small fully digital open‐loop clock and data recovery circuit for wired BANs

This paper proposes a new open‐loop and low complexity (small size) fast‐lock synchronization circuit for clock and data recovery in wearable systems. The system includes sensors embedded in textile and connected by conductive yarns. Synchronization is based on the open‐loop selection of the correct phase of the receiver clock synchronously with the incoming signal. The clock generator of the receiver is an autonomous oscillator set to operate at the same nominal frequency. The circuit lock time is at most one clock cycle, faster than all methods based on phase‐locked loops or delay‐locked loops. The circuit can be used for baseband communication independently of the signal coding method used in the physical layer, making it suitable for many applications. The fully digital circuit (including non‐return‐to‐zero inverted decoder) occupies 0.0022 in a 0.35 complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process, a smaller implementation than many existing circuits, and supports a maximum system clock frequency of 70 for a 35‐data rate. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed circuit robustly generates a synchronous clock for data recovery. The circuit is suitable for systems that tolerate some jitter but requires fast lock time, small size, and low energy consumption. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Loop admittance matrix modification for the digital simulation of power converter circuits

The analysis of the equivalent circuit of power converters presents unique difficulties due to the continuously changing conduction state of power semiconductor switches which introduce open- and short-circuit branches. Presently available methods mainly aim at automatically assembling the loop impedance matrix describing any particular conduction pattern. In this paper a novel powerful method is developed for automatically treating this varying topology circuit analysis problem by direct modification of the corresponding loop admittance matrix. In this way the inversion of any matrix is avoided. In particular, the loop admittance matrix (the solution matrix) for an existing conducting state of the switching elements is constructed by modifying the associated matrix corresponding to the previous conduction pattern. These modifications include a change of reference frame and/or elimination and/or addition of one or more loops on a solution matrix level and are expressed in an algorithmic form suitable for digital computer simulation.     

注入式混合型有源电力滤波器双闭环控制

在分析注入式混合型有源电力滤波器基本工作原理的基础上,建立其数学模型,并以此为基础分析了逆变器基波环流的产生及危害.为消除逆变器输出中的基波成分,确保系统的安全稳定运行,提出了一种注入式HAPF的注入电流和逆变器输出电流双闭环控制策略.注入电流控制外环实现注入电流完全跟踪负载谐波电流,保证系统的精度;逆变器输出电流控制内环对输出电流进行限制,抑制系统的谐振,加入阻尼,保证逆变器的安全可靠运行.仿真及实验结果验证了本文所述控制策略在谐波控制精度及系统安全可靠性方面的优势.     

基于模糊控制的对转永磁无刷直流电动机调速系统

在分析对转永磁无刷直流电动机的基本原理和数学模型基础上,提出外环转速环采用分离积分项的双输入模糊控制器,内环电流环采用PI调节器的双闭环调速系统.仿真结果表明,与外环、内环均采用PI调节器的双闭环调速系统相比,该系统在恒速运行突加负载的情况下,具有转速变化小、稳定性好的优点,是一种比较优越的控制方法.