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In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), the operation of sensor nodes has to rely on a limited supply of energy (such as batteries). To support long lifetime operation of WSNs, an energy-efficient way of sensor deployment and operation of the WSNs is necessary. A new controlled layer deployment (CLD) protocol to guarantee coverage and energy efficiency for a sensor network is proposed. CLD outperforms previous similar protocols in that it can achieve the same performances and guarantee full area coverage and connection using a smaller number of sensors. It can also ameliorate the 'cascading problem' that reduces the whole network lifetime. Finally, analysis and simulation results show that CLD can use fewer sensor nodes for coverage and also increases the lifetime of the sensor network when compared with the probing environment and adapting sleeping (PEAS) protocol. 相似文献
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无线传感器网络定位求精方法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
为了提高传感器节点定位精度,将多种节点坐标计算方案(如极大似然估计、基于泰勒展开的最小二乘法和加权最小二乘法等)应用于定位求精中,并分析和比较了它们的性能.为了解决实际定位过程中锚节点存在的自身位置偏差,设计了相应的坐标求精方法,如总体最小二乘法和约束总体最小二乘法,在此基础上针对无线传感器网络定位误差的特点推广了定位误差的估计下限(参数无偏估计的Cramer-Rao下限).仿真实验结果给出了不同求精方案各自的求精性能和适用场合.在锚节点无位置误差的情况下,在泰勒展开基础上形成的加权最小二乘法更有利于精度提高;在锚节点有位置误差的情况下,约束总体最小二乘法对提高定位精度更有效. 相似文献
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Energy consumption is a crucially important issue in battery-driven wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In most sensor networks, the sensors near the data collector (i.e. the sink) become drained more quickly than those elsewhere in the network since they are required to relay all of the data collected in the network to the sink. Therefore more balanced data paths to the sink should be established in order to extend the lifetime of the sensor network. Accordingly, a novel relay deployment scheme for WSNs based on the Voronoi diagram is proposed. The proposed scheme is applicable to both two-dimensional and three-dimensional network topologies and establishes effective routing paths that balance the traffic load within the sensor network and alleviate the burden on the sensors around the sink. Simulation results indicate that the number of relays deployed in the proposed scheme is similar to that deployed in the predetermined location scheme and is significantly less than that deployed in the minimum set cover scheme. Furthermore, the lifetime of the sensor network containing relay nodes deployed using the current scheme is longer than that achieved using either the predetermined location scheme or the minimum set cover scheme. 相似文献
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Ineffective sensor node (InESN) in a wireless sensor network (WSN) is defined as one whose position cannot be estimated by traditional localisation methods. Incremental localisation method is investigated and the existence of the InESNs is confirmed. By analysing the existing characteristics, the InESNs are classified into three categories: InESNs connecting with one known node, InESNs connecting with two known nodes and InESNs standing alone. It is impossible to locate the InESNs of the third category because they cannot receive any information from the known nodes. With a moving target in the WSN, a constrained least-squares formulation is developed to estimate the InESNs of the first two categories. Numerical evaluations are carried out to examine the performance of the proposed method and show that it is indeed effective for locating the InESNs. By incorporating the InESNs in the tracking applications, the performance of the target tracking can be greatly enhanced. 相似文献
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Veeravalli VV Varshney PK 《Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences》2012,370(1958):100-117
Statistical inference is a mature research area, but distributed inference problems that arise in the context of modern wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have new and unique features that have revitalized research in this area in recent years. The goal of this paper is to introduce the readers to these novel features and to summarize recent research developments in this area. In particular, results on distributed detection, parameter estimation and tracking in WSNs will be discussed, with a special emphasis on solutions to these inference problems that take into account the communication network connecting the sensors and the resource constraints at the sensors. 相似文献
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Duarte MF Shen G Ortega A Baraniuk RG 《Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences》2012,370(1958):118-135
Signal compression is an important tool for reducing communication costs and increasing the lifetime of wireless sensor network deployments. In this paper, we overview and classify an array of proposed compression methods, with an emphasis on illustrating the differences between the various approaches. 相似文献
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针对无线传感器网络中节点能耗不平衡导致系统生存时间缩短的问题,提出了一种无线传感器网络的非均匀节能分簇(UEEC)模型.UEEC通过自组织的方式和对簇头的动态选择,在靠近sink点(基站)的地方形成较小的簇,在远离sink点的地方形成较大的簇,从而使簇头能够对信息收集能耗与信息转发能耗进行平衡.同时,簇头的动态选举又能够把能耗平均分散在各个节点上.仿真结果表明,UEEC在减少与平衡无线传感器网络的节点能耗上有较好的性能,从而能够延长无线传感器网络的生存时间. 相似文献
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针对无线传感器网络节点能源受限的特征,以系统最小硬件开销为设计原则,提出了一种适用于基于测距的分布式定位方法(3/2-NANDB),该方法可在不增加单个独立节点硬件开销的情况下,利用附加的外部控制系统发射一个旋转定向波束充分挖掘节点间的冗余信息,有效排除节点位置的模糊性,从而可完全确定只有两个邻居节点的节点位置和部分只有一个邻居节点的节点位置,达到减少GPS携带节点数量、最大化网络内部可定位节点数目、扩大网络观察范围和延长无线传感器网络存活时间等目的.而利用该方法的节点二义性排除算法,还可以辅助其他现有的基于三邻居(3-NA)的定位算法提高整体定位性能. 相似文献
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In the traditional medium access control (MAC) protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs), energy consumption is traded for throughput and delay. However, in future WSNs, throughput and delay performance had better not be sacrificed for energy conservation. Here first, an incompletely cooperative game-theoretic heuristic-based constraint optimisation framework is introduced to achieve the goals of throughput, delay and energy conservation simultaneously. Then a simplified game-theoretic MAC (G-MAC) protocol is presented, which can be easily implemented in WSNs. Simulation results show that compared with two typical MAC protocols for WSNs, sensor MAC and timeout MAC, G-MAC can increase system throughput, and decrease delay and packet-loss-rate, while maintaining relatively low energy consumption. 相似文献
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针对无线传感器网络的较大测距误差严重影响定位算法精度和鲁棒性的问题,利用节点均匀部署网络的拓扑特征,提出了一种基于局部网络拓扑特征的鲁棒节点定位算法(LFLS算法).该算法通过构建节点测距高估粗差阈值参数和测距低估粗差阈值参数,在对未知节点1跳测距数据集进行粗差识别及剔除等预处理滤波的基础上,使用高斯加权最小二乘定位算法实现节点定位.仿真结果表明,基于局部网络拓扑特征的鲁棒节点定位算法的定位精度明显优于未采用局部网络拓扑特征进行粗差预处理的加权最小二乘定位算法,其中粗差测距直接相关节点的定位精度改进尤为明显. 相似文献
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一种低计算复杂度的无线传感器网络分簇定位算法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对已有的集中式定位算法定位精度低,而分布式定位算法计算复杂度高、通信量大的问题,提出了一种适用于无线传感器网络的计算复杂度低的节点分簇定位算法.首先,提出满足最大连通度的多边界节点分簇算法,采用此算法把网络划分为若干个簇,各簇分别进行簇内节点定位;其次,各簇进行融合,最终实现全网节点的定位.仿真结果表明,这种分簇定位算法比分布式定位算法计算复杂度低、通信量小、定位精度相当或略差,比集中式定位算法计算复杂度低、通信量小、定位精度高.采用该算法可以降低传感器网络节点定位过程中的能耗,提高计算效率,延长网络寿命. 相似文献
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针对目前无线传感器网络实验床普遍缺乏性能测量机制的问题,基于TinyOS的特点,提出了一种支持对实验对象进行现场测量的实验床体系结构.将轻量级测量实体嵌入到实验床中,对被测系统、测量指标进行约束与定义,设计了高能效的测量方法和测量算法,实现了对实验中节点能耗、链路质量、吞吐量、丢包率、时延、网络拓扑等性能参数的高效可靠获取,解决了传感器网络协议或应用的实时测试问题.该实验床技术支持分布式多点测量和平面、分簇、Multi-Sink等多种网络结构,提高了实验床设施的利用率和实验效率.实验案例证明了其良好的易用性、普适性和可扩展性. 相似文献
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设计和实现了一种新型的三维多芯片组件(3D-MCM).采用融合了FCOB(flip-chip on board)、COB(chip on board)、BGA(ball grid array)等技术的三维封装(3D packaging)形式,通过倒装焊和引线键合等互连技术在高密度多层有机基板上实现了塑封BGA器件和裸芯片的混载集成.对器件结构的散热特性进行了数值模拟,并对热可靠性进行了评估.实现了电功能和热机械可靠性,达到设计要求并付诸应用. 相似文献
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Wireless image sensor networks are capable of sensing, processing and transmitting the image in hard-to-access regions without expensive network infrastructure and will have great contribution in Internet of Things. These networks are resource constraint systems with limited memory, energy, processing speed and bandwidth. Low computational energy and communication energy will improve the lifetime of these resource-limited networks. In this paper, an energy-efficient low-memory and low-bitrate image coding is designed exclusively for low-power camera-equipped sensor node. The performance of the proposed image coder is analysed in terms of bitrate, image quality, memory size and energy consumption. Experiments are carried out with Atmel ATmega128 processor. The experimental results show that this system consumes only 0.23% of energy consumed by true Discrete Cosine Transform-based Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) standard and offers reasonable image quality suitable for visual perception at low bitrate. This system requires only 19% of memory required by standard JPEG. 相似文献
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This article deals with sensor coverage scheduling in wireless sensor networks subject to Q-coverage constraints. The main concern is to maximize the network lifetime, while ensuring that each target is covered by a given number of sensors. Three different variations of this problem are considered. Column generation based exact approaches are developed for those problems where the auxiliary problem is solved by a two-level approach comprising a genetic algorithm and an integer linear programming formulation. The genetic algorithm takes advantage of the auxiliary problem structure and appears to be very efficient at providing the master problem with attractive columns. The auxiliary problem integer linear programming (ILP) formulation is then mostly used for proving the optimality status of the current master problem solution. The proposed approaches are shown to be significantly faster than column generation approaches relying only on the auxiliary problem ILP formulation. 相似文献
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在分析了无线传感器网络中传统的LEACH和LEACH-C路由协议基础上,结合MTE路由协议思想,提出了一种新的改进型分簇分层路由协议(improved clustering hierarchical routing protocol,ICH).文中簇首节点可以采用多跳方式传输数据包,且在选择中继节点时考虑节点剩余能量,对进入下一轮的条件进行了限制.实验表明,改进后的ICH协议的节点存活率比LEACH-C好. 相似文献