静电喷涂中荷电油液的雾化研究

对油液在高压静电场中的荷电过程及其雾化机理进行了理论分析和试验研究,得到了雾滴粒径与电极电压、涂油刀梁刃口曲率半径和间隙的关系,并根据实验结果对液滴分裂的荷电量公式进行了修正,为静电喷涂中的各参数选择和工艺控制提供了依据。     

Central composite rotatable design for optimization of budesonide-loaded cross-linked chitosan–dextran sulfate nanodispersion: characterization,in vitro diffusion and aerodynamic study

Budesonide is a BCS class II drug with low water solubility (0.045?mg/mL) and low oral bioavailability (6–8%) due to high first pass effect. The aim is to prepare cross-linked chitosan–dextran sulfate nanoparticles and/or nanodispersion. Nebulizable cross-linked nanodispersion was prepared by the solvent evaporation technique and characterized through XRPD, FTIR, mean particle size (MPS), polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential (ZP), drug loading, entrapment efficiency, SEM, % production yield, in vitro diffusion, aerodynamic and stability study. The optimization of formulation was done by using central composite rotatable design to study the effect of independent variables, concentration of chitosan (X1) and concentration dextran sulfate (X2) on the dependent variables, MPS (Y1), drug loading (Y2) and % CDR (% cumulative drug release) (Y3). The MPS, PDI, and ZP of budesonide-loaded nanoparticles were 160.8?±?0.27?nm, 0.36?±?0.04, and 13?±?0.894?mV, respectively. The percent drug loading of all the batches was found in range of 10–16%. The emitted drug in target region (alveoli) was measured by using HPLC and it was found to be 18.26%. It was found that, nanodispersion had the optimum in vitro aerodynamic behavior. Stability study results showed no significant change in MPS, PDI, ZP, and % CDR after three month storage. In conclusion, cross-linked chitosan–dextran sulfate nanoparticles had properties suitable for nebulizable dispersion of increased drug loading, in vitro drug release and avoiding the first pass effect.     

Formation of Amorphous Telmisartan Polymeric Microparticles for Improvement of Physicochemical Characteristics

In order to improve solubility and dissolution rate of poorly aqueous soluble telmisartan, its amorphous polymeric microparticles with PVP K30 were prepared with or without aid of adsorbent (Aerosil200/Sylysia350) using spray-drying technique. The pure drug and formulations were evaluated for their morphology, particle size, aqueous solubility, and in vitro drug release. Solid state characterization of pure drug and microparticles was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). FTIR indicated hydrogen bonding interaction with an absence of any other chemical interaction between drug and excipient. The results of DSC and XRPD revealed transformation of crystalline drug to amorphous form which was confirmed by SEM. Significant solubility and dissolution enhancement was observed for all polymeric microparticles over pure drug and spray-dried pure drug. This enhancement was attributed to the wetting effect of polymers, altered surface morphology with micronization and decreased crystallinity of drug particles.     

多孔吸声材料发展现状与展望

吸声降噪在人们日常生活、设备安全以及军事领域具有重要意义，多孔材料是一类重要的吸声材料。介绍了多孔材料的吸声原理、多孔吸声材料的种类及其特性、影响多孔吸声材料吸声性能的因素等。综述了多孔吸声材料的发展现状，并对吸声材料的发展趋势做了展望。     

Effect of polymers and media type on extending the dissolution of amorphous pioglitazone and inhibiting the recrystallization from a supersaturated state

Amorphous forms of crystalline drug are widely utilized for bioavailability enhancement of low solubility drugs in the pharmaceutical industry. Polymers have been found to be effective crystallization inhibitors for amorphous forms in solid states during storage or in liquid states during dissolution process. The dissolution and crystallization behaviors of these amorphous forms in the presence or absence of polymers are still far from adequately understood especially in different dissolution environments. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of polymers and media type on extending the dissolution of amorphous pioglitazone and inhibiting the recrystallization from a supersaturated state. Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVPK30), polyvinylpyrrolidone K90 (PVPK90), polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000), polyethylene-polypropylene glycol 188 (F-68), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) and beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) were employed to understand these behaviors changes because these polymers were used widely. Three solutions including neutral water and phosphate buffer solutions (PBS, pH6.8 and pH7.4) were adopted as dissolution media to determine the behaviors changes comprehensively. In the presence of polymers, dissolution and solubility were extended to different degrees in three media. Polymers can delay the crystallization routes dependently of the medium type. Buffer salts in media reduced the dissolution and accelerated the crystallization process. Crystallization inhibition of these polymers was strongly dependent on the type and pH of media. HPMC displayed the strongest crystallization inhibition effects, resulting in the greatest degree of maintaining a supersaturated state that can sustain most effectively for biologically relevant timeframes.     

Characterization of solid dispersions of Patchouli alcohol with different polymers: effects on the inhibition of reprecipitation and the improvement of dissolution rate

Solid dispersion technique is known to be an effective approach for the polymer to keep drugs stable in the solid state, thereby improving the dissolution rate and oral bioavailability through inhibiting reprecipitation in supersaturated solution. In this study, to evaluate the inhibitory effect of polyethylene glycol-6000 (PEG), Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) and Aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer (Eudragit), the reprecipitation profiles were observed from supersaturated solutions of Patchouli alcohol (PA) in the presence and absence of the polymers. Furthermore, the dissolution profiles of PA solid dispersions formulated with PEG, PVP or Eudragit were compared for investigating the effect on improving dissolution of each polymer. Solid dispersions formulated with Eudragit were found to result in solution with the highest extent of supersaturation. By contrast, PEG and PVP were less effective. At equivalent supersaturation, all three polymers are capable of mitigating reprecipitation relative to that of PA alone. In addition, in the PA solid dispersion with Eudragit (E-SD (1/3)), the highest concentration of supersaturation of PA was maintained for prolonged time. These results unambiguously indicate that it is imperative to select the appropriate polymer and drug/polymer ratio in addition to considering the stability of the supersaturated solution, which was generated following dissolution of amorphous solid dispersion.     

多孔材料模型分析

多孔泡沫材料的制备、应用和性能研究均不断取得新的进展.在关于多孔材料结构和性能方面的理论中,著名的经典性模型--Gibson-Ashby模型一直受到国际同行的普遍认同,迄今仍然是众多研究者在研究工作中广泛应用的理论基础.对该模型尚存在的若干不足和问题进行了一些补充思考和分析,发现其中有些缺陷甚至可以打破该模型原来表现出来的\"完满性\".在总结陈述这些问题的基础上,引荐了可以克服或弥补上述模型不足的另一个模型.     

泡沫金属多向承载行为的研究意义

泡沫金属具有优良的物理性能和综合力学性能,在很多场合都可用作轻质结构材料.在简要介绍该类材料用途的基础上,指出了多向载荷研究对于泡沫金属应用的实际意义,分析了以往工作在该类材料力学性能研究方面的不足,以期推进相关领域的研究者在该方面的突破.在此基础上,提出了一条研究该类材料在多向载荷作用下有关数理关系的思路.     

多孔金属材料制备方法

本文概述了多孔金属材料的典型和特点,着重介绍了该材料的各种制备方法,以期提供一些优化组合生产工艺的线索。     

Characterization of SiNx/a-Si:H crystalline silicon surface passivation under UV light exposure

One of the most promising solution for crystalline silicon surface passivation in solar cell fabrication consists in a low temperature (< 400 °C) Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of a double layer composed by intrinsic hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and hydrogenated amorphous silicon nitride (SiN_x). Due to the high amount of hydrogen in the gas mixture during the double layer deposition, the passivation process results particularly useful in case of multi-crystalline silicon substrates in which hydrogenation of grain boundaries is very needed. In turn the presence of hydrogen inside both amorphous layers can induce metastability effects. To evaluate these effects we have investigated the stability of the silicon surface passivation obtained by the double layer under ultraviolet light exposure. In particular we have verified that this double layer is effective to passivate both p- and n-type crystalline silicon surface by measuring minority carrier high lifetime, via photoconductance-decay. To get better inside the passivation mechanisms, strongly connected to the charge laying inside the SiN_x layer, we have collected the Infrared spectra of the SiN_x/a-Si:H/c-Si structures and we have monitored the capacitance-voltage profiles of Al/SiN_x/a-Si:H/c-Si Metal Insulator Semiconductor structures at different stages of UltraViolet (UV) light exposure. Finally we have verified the stability of the double passivation layer applied to the front side of solar cell devices by measuring their photovoltaic parameters during the UV light exposure.     

Mg Amorphous Zr0.9Ti0.1（Ni0.57Mn0.28V0.1Co0.05）2.1 Composite for Hydrogen Storage

The reactive mechanical alloying (RMA) method was used to produce Mg-40 wt pct amorphous Zr0.9Ti0.1(Ni0.57-Mn0.28V0.1Co0.05)2.l composite in this study, and the absorption/desorption property of the composite was improved remarkably. The composite possessed excellent kinetic properties even at moderate temperature (393 K) without activation. Owing to the formation of the embrittle MgH2, the reactive mechanical milling process reduced the particle size of Mg and made the composite phase being highly efficiently distributed, which determined the excellent hydriding properties of the composite.     

Amorphous azithromycin with improved aqueous solubility and intestinal membrane permeability

Azithromycin (AZM) is a poorly soluble macrolide antibacterial agent. Its low solubility is considered as the major contributing factor to its relatively low oral bioavailability. The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of this active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) by preparing an amorphous form by quench cooling of the melt and to study the influence of the improved solubility on membrane permeability. The amorphous azithromycin (AZM-A) exhibited a significant increase in water solubility when compared to the crystalline azithromycin dihydrate (AZM-DH). The influence that the improved solubility could have on membrane permeability was also studied. The apparent permeability coefficient (P_app) values of AZM-A were statistically significantly higher (p?相似文献   

多孔材料在三向载荷作用下的力学模型

为更全面掌握三维网状多孔材料在工程应用中的安全承载问题,分析了各向同性的该类材料在三向载荷(多向载荷)作用下的力学性能.在其结构简化的基础上,提出了该类材料在三向载荷作用下相应的承载力学模型,其中三向载荷中的任何一个载荷都可以任意为拉伸和压缩.运用这一模型,可以判断当该类材料在承受上述载荷条件时是否会发生破坏,其用来判断的材料固有指标即是多孔体的孔率,该指标是多孔材料最基本的参量.     

Increasing the amorphous yield of {(Fe0.6Co0.4)0.75B0.2Si0.05}96Nb4 powders by hot gas atomization

The synthesis of metallic glasses requires high cooling rates leading to product size limitations of a few millimeters when using conventional casting techniques. One way to overcome these size limitations is powder metallurgy. Melt atomization and the subsequent powder processing can result in larger, amorphous components as long as no crystallization takes place during powder consolidation.An iron-based glass-forming alloy {(Fe_0.6Co_0.4)_0.75B_0.2Si_0.05}₉₆Nb₄ was formed through both ambient room and high temperature inert gas atomization at various melt flow rates (close-coupled atomization). The use of hot gas generally decreases the droplet size and hence leads to an increased cooling rate and amorphous fraction of the atomized powders.Hot gas atomization results in a lower gas consumption, a smaller gas-to-melt mass flow ratio (GMR), smaller particles and a smaller geometric standard deviation.Particles atomized in ambient temperature were fully amorphous up to a particle size fraction of 90?µm. Larger particle size fractions resulted in a higher crystalline fraction. According to the XRD and DSC analyses, hot gas atomization has only a very small influence on the cooling rate and the amorphous fraction. However, the amorphous yield is significantly increased using hot gas atomization.     

Syntheses and characterization of 6,6′-diaryl-9,9′-dialkyl[3,3′]bicarbazoles as materials for electroluminescent devices

Electro-active materials containing 6,6′-diaryl-substituted [3,3′]bicarbazole core were synthesized by multistep synthetic rote and characterized. The derivatives were examined by differential scanning calorimetry and demonstrated formation of amorphous materials with rather high glass transition temperatures. The synthesized compounds have been tested as hole transporting layers in simple OLED devices with Alq₃ as the emitter/electron transporting layer. The green devices containing hole transporting films of diphenyl-9,9′-diethyl-[3,3′]bicarbazole exhibited the best overall performance (turn-on voltage: 3.5 V, maximum photometric efficiency: 4.2 cd/A, maximum brightness: ∼12,200 cd/m²).     

Si02气凝胶微球的制备及表征

以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为先驱体制备硅溶胶,再以硅油为分散介质,在吐温80为乳化剂的油相与SiO2溶胶为水相的乳化体系中,应用雾化法和乳液成球技术制备微米级SiO2凝胶小球,然后,通过超临界CO2干燥技术制备微米级siO2气凝胶小球,用光学显微镜、SEM、红外光谱（FT—IR）及cBET技术对其表征,结果表明,微米及SiO2气凝胶小球表观粒径较为均匀,平均粒径约为30μm,密度为216kg／m2,平均孔径6．72nm,BET比表面积为802．35m2／g,孔体积为1．15cm3／g,是一种具有典型气凝胶结构的微粒状轻质纳米多孔材料。     

多孔材料表征与性能测试

综述了多孔材料微观结构的表征方法，并对多孔材料的渗透性能、声学性能、力学性能、热学及热机械性能的测试技术进行了总结。     

硅基发光材料研究进展

硅基发光材料是光电子集成的基础材料。发光多孔硅是硅基发光材料的一个新进展,已实现了硅基光电子集成。随着多孔硅研究的深化和纳米科学的发展,硅基发光材料正向纳米方向开拓,与此同时,在新的理论认识与技术条件下,硅材料改性,杂质发光,缺陷工程和硅然异质外延也呈现出新的发展趋势。     

Synthesis and characterization of tin(IV) phenyl phosphonate in nano form

An inorgano-organic ion exchanger, Sn(IV) phenyl phosphonate, has been synthesized in amorphous form. Further, an attempt has been made to synthesize Sn(IV) phenyl phosphonate in the nano form. The materials have been characterized for elemental analysis (ICP-AES), thermal analysis (TGA), X-ray analysis and FTIR spectroscopy. Chemical resistivity of these materials has been accessed in acidic, basic and organic solvent media. Catalytic activity has been studied and compared by using esterification of ethylene glycol as a model reaction wherein glycoldiacetate has been prepared. The transport properties of these materials have been explored by measuring specific proton conduction at different temperatures using SOLARTRON DATASET impedance analyser over a frequency range 1 Hz-1 MHz. It has been observed that Sn(IV) phenyl phosphate in the nano form behaves as a better Bronsted catalyst and proton conductor as compared to the amorphous form.     

Flocculated amorphous itraconazole nanoparticles for enhanced in vitro supersaturation and in vivo bioavailability

Rapid flocculation of nanoparticle dispersions of a poorly water soluble drug, itraconazole (Itz), was utilized to produce amorphous powders with desirable dissolution properties for high bioavailability in rats. Antisolvent precipitation (AP) was utilized to form Itz nanodispersions with high drug loadings stabilized with hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) or the pH-sensitive Eudragit^® L100-55 (EL10055). The HPMC dispersions were flocculated by desolvating the polymer through the addition of a divalent salt, and the enteric EL10055 by reducing the pH. The formation of open flocs by diffusion limited aggregation facilitated redispersion of the flocs at pH 6.8. Upon redispersion of the flocculated nanoparticles at pH 6.8, the particle size was modestly larger than the original size, on the order of 1 μm. High in vitro supersaturation (AUC) of the flocculated nanoparticle dispersions was observed in micellar media at pH 6.8, after 2 hours initial exposure at pH 1.2 to simulate the stomach, relative to the AUC for a commercially available Itz formulation, Sporanox. Greater in vivo bioavailability in rats was correlated directly to the higher in vitro AUC at pH 6.8 with micelles during the pH shift experiment for the flocculated nanoparticle dispersions relative to Sporanox. The ability to generate and sustain high supersaturation in micellar media at pH 6.8, as shown with the in vitro pH shift dissolution test, is beneficial for increasing bioavailability of Itz by oral delivery.