基于时间触发机制的实时通信架构研究与设计

为解决多核架构分布式系统的硬实时问题,在Barrelfish基础框架上设计并实现一个时间触发实时操作系统的消息通信服务,使其可应用于SMP系统、NoC网络和其它支持时间触发的网络中。为解决Multikernel无法使用并行多线程的缺点,提出一种基于Barrelfish的动态SMP子系统,减少整个系统内独立分区的数目,降低系统设计和调度的难度,使实时应用可在Multikernel架构上充分利用硬件并行能力,设计相应的消息调度表生成算法。实验结果表明了该通信框架的可行性。     

Successful IT application architecture design: an empirical study

The technical architecture of an IT application is a critical determinant of its successful development. Complementing the software engineering viewpoint, this paper adopts a broader perspective to the design of IT applications and subsequent project success. It reports on a recent empirical study of factors that influence the design of IT application architectures. It identifies five influencing factors that are significantly associated with variation in the time-budget performance of the subsequent development project. Further, it finds that the projects can be classified according to these five attributes into four types that exhibit clear performance differences. The paper infers recommendations for good practice in IT application architecture design, contributes a detailed instrument for research into the area, compares with findings from software engineering, and raises issues for further study.     

A design framework for surgical robots: Example of the Araknes robot controller

It is a common preconception that developing and transferring a surgical device into the Operating Room (OR) represents a difficult enterprise. Indeed, after nearly three decades of surgical robotics research, many prototypes have been built, some have been technically validated, but just few found their way in the OR. Therefore, some causes that might influence the successful transfer of emerging surgical robotics technologies into hospitals and clinics are discussed in this work. On that account, a framework for the design of surgical robots that is well suited for research centers is also presented. Such framework provides a base approach for structuring surgical robotics developments in order to comply with European medical device regulations. Finally, an example case of a robot controller for a teleoperated surgical system is provided. The latter controller was successfully integrated during the Araknes project for Single Port Laparoscopy (SPL), carried out under the European Union’s 7th Framework Program for Research and Technological Development.     

Evaluation of energy and buffer aware application mapping for networks-on-chip

Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is a communication paradigm for Systems-on-Chip (SoC). NoC design flow contains many problems, one of which is called as application mapping problem, which is generally solved in the literature by considering minimization of the communication energy consumption only. Energy and Buffer Aware Application Mapping (EBAM) is a recently proposed method, which handles the application mapping issue as a joint optimization problem for minimizing the energy consumption and buffer utilization simultaneously. EBAM avoids possible high input loads on router buffers at the early mapping stage by using a priori traffic characteristics of the application. Self similarity is already an accepted model in local and wide area networks and many on-chip applications have also been proven to have self similar characteristics. EBAM therefore employs self similar traffic in its joint optimization process and a genetic algorithm is already proposed for its solution.     

A framework for rapid evaluation of heterogeneous 3-D NoC architectures

The scalability of communication infrastructure in modern Integrated Circuits (ICs) becomes a challenging issue, which might be a significant bottleneck if not carefully addressed. Towards this direction, the usage of Networks-on-Chip (NoC) is a preferred solution. In this work, we propose a software-supported framework for quantifying the efficiency of heterogeneous 3-D NoC architectures. In contrast to existing approaches for NoC design, the introduced heterogeneous architecture consists of a mixture of 2-D and 3-D routers, which reduces the delay and power consumption with a slight impact on packet hops. More specifically, the experimental results with a number of DSP applications show the effectiveness of the introduced methodology, as we achieve on average 25% higher maximum operation frequency and 39% lower power consumption compared to the uniform 3-D NoCs.     

Digital twin-based smart assembly process design and application framework for complex products and its case study

With rapid advances in new generation information technologies, digital twin (DT), and cyber-physical system, smart assembly has become a core focus for intelligent manufacturing in the fourth industrial evolution. Deep integration between information and physical worlds is a key phase to develop smart assembly process design that bridge the gap between product assembly design and manufacturing. This paper presents a digital twin reference model for smart assembly process design, and proposes an application framework for DT-based smart assembly with three layers. Product assembly station components are detailed in the physical space layer; two main modules, communication connection and data processing, are introduced in the interaction layer; and we discuss working mechanisms of assembly process planning, simulation, predication, and control management in the virtual space layer in detail. A case study shows the proposed approach application for an experimental simplified satellite assembly case using the DT-based assembly application system (DT-AAS) to verify the proposed application framework and method effectiveness.     

Development and application of a framework for comparing early design methods for young children

When designing with young children, designers usually select user centred design methods based on the children’s required level of engagement and the inspiration expected to be created according to the designer. User centred design methods should be selected for their suitability for children and for the quality of the output of the design method. To understand the suitability of design methods, a framework was developed to describe design methods in terms of required design skills as identified by the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. The proposed framework could provide the basis for a tool to compare design methods and to generate hypotheses about what design method would work optimally with children in a specific school grade. The initial examination of the viability of the framework is a comparison of design methods by the number of skills involved; earlier work showed that the involvement of more skills (as with, e.g. low-fi prototyping) could result in more options for a design problem than the involvement of fewer skills (as with e.g. brainstorming). Options and Criteria were counted to understand the quality of the method in terms of the amount of design-information. The results of the current paper indicate that 8-to-10-year-old children generate significantly more options in prototyping sessions than when they are involved in sessions applying a Nominal Group Technique. The paper indicates that (a) with the framework we can generate hypotheses to compare design methods with children and (b) that the outcome of various design methods, which might lead to very different representations, can be compared in terms of Options and Criteria. Further usage of the framework is expected to result in empirical support for selecting a design method to be applied with young children.     

Multi-layer integration framework for low carbon design based on design features

Global warming has currently become the most discussed environmental issue. The major portion of the carbon emission for a product is determined at the design stage of its life cycle. Given that products are made of parts, one of the major difficulties is that existing carbon emission assessment methods are machining process-oriented and lack association with design information, which makes it difficult to support low-carbon design. To address this problem, this paper develops a multi-layer integration framework for part low-carbon design based on the association mechanism among five layers, i.e., design feature, machining process, machining feature, operation feature, and carbon emission feature. The carbon emission assessment model of the part could be obtained by the method of top-down expansion and bottom-up assessment in terms of the design features through the developed framework. To obtain a low carbon design scheme, an improved differential evolution algorithm (IDE) with the multi-layer encoding method is proposed based on the hierarchical relationship of the framework, which aims to minimize the potential carbon emissions of parts and makespan of its machining processes. The proposed methodology is verified by the low carbon design of a flange plate.     

Integrated product and process design: a multi-objective modeling framework

In this paper we present an analytical multi-objective framework for the concurrent design of product and processes. The objective is to simultaneously consider the tolerance specification on the product or the component dimensions along with the selection of the manufacturing processes. For this purpose we consider three objectives: to minimize unit cost, to minimize quality loss and to minimize manufacturing lead time. We characterize the properties of the non-dominated solutions. These solutions provide flexibility needed in an agile manufacturing environment. The min–max approach is used to obtain trade-off solutions.     

基于Spring框架的轻量级J2EE架构与应用

合理的J2EE架构设计方案对J2EE应用系统的开发至关重要。Spring框架包含依赖注入方式的构件组装机制、统一的事务和日志管理服务等,为搭建轻量级的J2EE架构提供了有力的支持。介绍Spring框架的体系结构,将基于Spring框架的J2EE架构与其他几种J2EE架构进行对比分析,最后给出一个运用该架构方案解决的实例。     

基于MVC多层架构的Web应用框架设计

在大型Web开发中,系统的容易测试、方便扩展、快速开发一直是人们期望的目标。本文在研究模型-视图-控制器(MVC)设计模式和分层模型的基础上,提出了一种.NET3.5平台下基于ASP.NET MVC2.0框架和分层架构的Web开发架构,通过分层模型来减少MVC架构中的耦合。本框架已经应用在中国公交物资网的开发中,并取得了很好的应用效果。     

A CAD/CAE incorporate software framework using a unified representation architecture

Currently, there are still some big gaps between the CAD system and CAE system, e.g. the different data structure for model representation, which costs lots of time and effort of engineers in the interaction between these two kinds of systems. In order to bridge these gaps, an incorporate software framework is proposed in this paper. In this framework, the unified representation architecture (URA) is presented that makes CAD and CAE to be an organic entity. The URA contains three components: (1) unified data model (UDD) including unified B-rep, unified feature and unified mesh; (2) unified data management (UDM) consisting of unified interaction, unified data structure, unified Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) history and unified interface; (3) unified display and post-processor (UDP) for both design and performance analysis. The URA facilitates the incorporation by explicitly representing design and analysis information as design features, which maintains their associations through the history chain. Besides the URA, a unified mesh data (UMD) is proposed to unify the mesh of CAD model display and CAE analysis with the purpose of reducing the redundancy of mesh data. The unified mesh data (UMD) is proposed to unify the mesh of CAD model display and CAE analysis, which greatly reduces the redundancy of mesh generation data. Finally, the high efficiency of the proposed framework is demonstrated by engineering examples.     

A software architecture and framework for Web-based distributed Decision Support Systems

This paper presents an integrated method to help design and implement a Web-based Decision Support Systems (DSS) in a distributed environment. First, a layered software architecture is presented to assist in the design of a Web-based DSS. The layered software architecture can provide a formal and hierarchical view of the Web-based DSS at the design stage. Next, a component-based framework is presented to implement the Web-based DSS in a distributed environment. Finally, an instance of the layered software architecture and 3CoFramework applied to the Web-based National Agricultural Decision Support System (NADSS) is presented.     

A framework to integrate design knowledge reuse and requirements management in engineering design

This paper presents a framework to integrate requirements management and design knowledge reuse. The research approach begins with a literature review in design reuse and requirements management to identify appropriate methods within each domain. A framework is proposed based on the identified requirements. The framework is then demonstrated using a case study example: vacuum pump design. Requirements are presented as a component of the integrated design knowledge framework. The proposed framework enables the application of requirements management as a dynamic process, including capture, analysis and recording of requirements. It takes account of the evolving requirements and the dynamic nature of the interaction between requirements and product structure through the various stages of product development.     

Multiple-combinational-channel: A network architecture for workload balance and deadlock free

As the number of cores in chip multiprocessors (CMPs) increases rapidly, network-on-chips (NoCs) have become the major role in ensuring performance and power scalability. In this paper, we propose multiple-combinational-channel (MCC), a load balancing and deadlock free interconnect network, for cache-coherent non-uniform memory accessing (CC-NUMA). In order to make load more balancing and reduce power dissipation, we combine low usage channels and make high usage channels independent and wide enough, since messages transmitted over NoC have different widths and injection rates. Furthermore, based on the in-depth analysis of network traffic, we summarize four traffic patterns and establish several rules to avoid protocol-level deadlocks. We implement MCC on a 16-core CMPs, and evaluate the workload balance, area, power and performance using universal workloads. The experimental results show that MCC reduces nearly 21% power than multiple-physical-channel with similar throughput. Moreover, MCC improves 10% performance with similar area and power, compared to packet-switching architecture with virtual channels.     

Collaborative learning using service-oriented architecture: A framework design

Collaborative learning serves as an important part of e-learning, increasing interactivity and accessibility to various learning resources either synchronously or asynchronously among users. Distributed interactivity through Web services thus forms the focus of this paper. The paper reviews related work on service-oriented architecture (SOA), distributed infrastructure, business process management (BPM) and highlights the need to integrate SOA technologies for meaningful and interactive collaborative learning processes. The significance of the study is an SOA approach to enhance the interoperability, flexibility and reusability of e-learning content in a collaborative environment.     

The design and use of the TMiner component-based data mining framework

This paper provides some practical guidelines for the design of data mining frameworks. It describes the rationale behind some of the key design decisions that guided the design, development, and implementation of the TMiner component-based data mining framework. TMiner is a flexible framework that can be used as a stand-alone tool or integrated into larger business intelligence (BI) solutions. TMiner is a general-purpose component-based system designed to support the whole KDD process into a single framework and thus facilitate the implementation of complex data mining scenarios.