天然气作为汽车替代燃料的分析

本文统计了天然气作为汽车燃料的发展情况，分析了天然气汽车的特点，着重介绍了液化天然气汽车的系统构成、技术性能及其加气站的构造及特点。     

汽车替代燃料发展战略的探讨

给出了汽车替代燃料的物理化学性质,对不同燃料的能量密度,车载贮存,加气(油)站,尾气排放,经济性等进行了分析比较,提出了未来汽车替代燃料发展战略的建议。     

几种新的汽车替代燃料

随着世界经济的发展和人们物质生活水平的不断提高，世界各国对能源的需求量不断增加，按照这样的增长速度，目前人类使用得比较多的几种能源资源很快被耗尽，能源使用问题成了世界各国最关心的问题之一，寻找新的替代能源势在必行。本文分析了目前世界对一次能源、特别是石油的需求增长情况，并针对汽车燃料，从物理化学性质、能量特点、排放特点及经济性几个方面比较了几种汽车替代能源。通过比较发现在几种替代能源中，氢能的综合经济效益最高，但目前在生产、储运及加载的成本等方面还存在的一些问题，尚不能大规模投入使用。在这样的情况下，甲醇是比较合适的汽车替代燃料。     

几种汽车替代燃料的技术经济比较

随着世界经济的发展和人们物质生活水平的不断提高，世界各国对能源的需求量不断增加。能源问题成为世界各国最关心的问题之一，寻找新的替代能源势在必行，分析了目前世界对一次能源，特别是石油的需求增长情况，指出了能源使用中存在的一些问题，并针对汽车燃料的使用情况，从物理化学性质，能量特点，排放特点及经济性几个方面比较了几种汽车替代能源，通过比较发现在几种替代燃料中，氢能的综合经济效益最高，但目前在生长、储运及加载的成本等方面还存在一些问题，尚不能大规模投入使用。在这样的情况下，甲醇是比较合适的汽车替代燃料。     

清洁替代燃料汽车推广应用评价指标体系的构建与情景分析

随着城市机动车保有量的不断增加,汽车尾气排放对城市空气造成了严重污染,发展清洁替代燃料汽车成为一种必然的趋势.运用层次分析法构建了清洁替代燃料汽车从环境、经济、安全、技术、现实性等方面进行综合评价的理论模型,并以广州市出租车为例对评价模型进行了情景分析.     

甲醇作柴油机替代燃料的研究现状与展望

为解决我国交通运输业快速发展带来的能源危机和环境污染等问题,发展甲醇作为柴油机替代燃料吸引了广泛关注.介绍了甲醇燃料的特点和实际应用问题,综述了双燃料直喷技术、柴油甲醇组合燃烧、火花塞或电热塞助燃式直喷甲醇发动机等多种柴油机燃用甲醇技术,分析了各技术的优缺点并提出了未来研究方向.结果 表明,甲醇作柴油机替代燃料能改善发...     

我国替代燃料乙醇汽油发展现状

发展车用清洁代用燃料,在发动机上实现高效、低污染的燃烧,控制汽车发动机有害排放对我国城市大气质量带来的日趋严重的影响,已成为我国能源与环境研究中的一个十分重大和紧迫的课题.研究和开发汽油的代用燃料,从近期来看能减少尾气,改善大气质量,从长远来看可以解决石油资源短缺的危机.但这要求代用燃料既要具备较高燃烧性能,又要满足低排放的要求.乙醇燃料以掺烧或纯烧方式已成功地用于汽油机上,汽油醇（gasohol）混合燃料在巴西、美国已应用多年,技术上已十分成熟.2004年2月,经国务院同意,国家发改委等8部门联合制定颁布了《车用乙醇汽油扩大试点方案》和《车用乙醇汽油扩大试点工作实施细则》,由此相关工作全面启动.     

可再生燃料展望

国际海事组织制定的温室气体减排目标“有可能改变航运价格,甚至整个世界航运业的格局”,DNV·GL集团的替代燃料业务总监Gerd—Michael Wursig谈到。但是如何才能使其成为现实呢?其中一个解决方案在于降低可再生能源的价格并提升其可及性。而实际上,可再生能源往往处在供大于求的局面,特别是在非高峰需求的情况下。     

醇燃料-未来汽车的石油替代燃料

根据我国能源资源状况,并结合现有车用燃料特性,指出寻求并确定符合我国能源特点的石油替代燃料已是当务之急。通过对几种主要替代燃料的分析研究表明:醇类燃料尤其是甲醇是最理想的替代燃料。开展甲醇作为车用燃料的系统研究与应用对于我国能源及汽车工业实现可持续发展至关重要。     

我国燃料油供需状况分析及替代燃料的研究趋势

介绍了我国燃料油市场的供需现状及其形成原因,预测了燃料油市场未来走向。对替代燃料研究的发展趋势进行了简要分析,介绍了国内现有的替代燃料研究以及不同研究项目的特点、利弊。     

Dimethyl ether as alternative fuel for CI engine and vehicle

As a developing and the most populous country in the world, China faces major challenges in energy supply and environmental protection. It is of great importance to develop clean and alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. On the basis of researches on DME engine and vehicle at Shanghai Jiaotong University in the last twelve years, fuel injection, combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of DME engine and DME vehicle are introduced in this paper. The results indicate that DME engines can achieve high thermal efficiency and ultra low emissions, and will play a significant role in meeting the energy demand while minimizing environmental impact in China.     

Dimethyl ether as alternative fuel for CI engine and vehicle

As a developing and the most populous country in the world, China faces major challenges in energy supply and environmental protection. It is of great importance to develop clean and alternative fuels for internal combustion engines. On the basis of researches on DME engine and vehicle at Shanghai Jiaotong University in the last twelve years, fuel injection, combustion, performance and exhaust emissions of DME engine and DME vehicle are introduced in this paper. The results indicate that DME engines can achieve high thermal efficiency and ultra low emissions, and will play a significant role in meeting the energy demand while minimizing environmental impact in China.     

车载燃料电池诊断装置的研究

介绍了一种特殊的车载燃料电池诊断装置,该装置包括控制单元、燃料气体供给单元、电力调整单元、冷却单元和电力消耗单元.该装置可以精确地再现车辆行驶期间燃料电池堆的异常情况,便于在修理车间对其进行彻查,及时发现并排除故障.当燃料电池的冷却系统或燃料气体供给系统受到损坏时,利用该诊断装置的冷却单元和燃料气体供给单元也可以对燃料电池堆进行准确的诊断.     

利用城市垃圾生产车用燃料的前景分析

能源和环境问题的日益尖锐，迫使人们开发洁净的可再生能源。同时，由于城市生活水平的提高产生了大量的垃圾，对比现有的垃圾处理方式如堆肥、焚烧、填埋等，利用垃圾生产车用燃料具有相当大的发展潜力。文章简述了用城市垃圾生产制取车用燃料的主要技术手段，分析了城市垃圾生产车用燃料的可行性和发展前景。     

异丁醇汽油混合燃料整车试验研究

在不对车辆进行任何改造的情况下,将不同比例的异丁醇汽油混合燃料及纯汽油添加到车辆,研究其对整车热机怠速稳定性、排放性能、非满载爬坡能力的影响。结果表明:I10~I50的异丁醇汽油混合燃料的热机怠速质量评定较好;双怠速(高怠速及怠速)条件下,THC排放、NOx排放和过量空气系数随异丁醇含量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势;I10,I20燃料在双怠速情况下的CO排放较大。除I10外,其余4种混合燃料的1档低速行驶稳定性良好;除I40和I50的提速性和动力性稍微欠佳、非满载爬坡能力不足外,其余3种混合燃料表现较好。     

关于降低内燃机车燃油消耗和维修费用加速代用燃料发动机开发的探讨和建议

从发展内燃机车燃油替代品、降低现有内燃机车的维修费用两个方面进行了探讨，并提出了建议。     

车用燃料电池空气供给系统的净化与增压

近年来随着燃料电池汽车相关技术的迅速发展,消除空气中的杂质气体(尤其是内燃机汽车排放的各种污染物)对车用燃料电池阴极性能的影响亟待研究解决。文章简要论述了车用燃料电池空气供给系统的净化原理和装置结构,并认为采用废气涡轮增压装置有助于解决空气传输阻力增加的问题。     

An empirical analysis on the adoption of alternative fuel vehicles: The case of natural gas vehicles

The adoption of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) has been regarded as one of the most important strategies to address the issues of energy dependence, air quality, and, more recently, climate change. Despite decades of effort, we still face daunting challenges to promote wider acceptance of AFVs by the general public. More empirical analyses are needed to understand the technology adoption process associated with different market structures, the effectiveness of regulations and incentives, and the density of infrastructure adequate to reach sustainable commercial application. This paper compares the adoption of natural gas vehicles (NGVs) in eight countries: Argentina, Brazil, China, India, Italy, New Zealand, Pakistan, and the US. It examines the major policies aimed at promoting the use of NGVs, instruments for implementing those policies and targeting likely stakeholders, and a range of factors that influence the adoption of NGVs. The findings in this paper should be applicable to other AFVs.     

Commercial vehicle auxiliary loads powered by PEM fuel cell

The commercial vehicles are in leadership in emission production for on-road vehicles. This high rate of emission is released in highly populated areas where diesel driven internal combustion engines are running in inefficient operating ranges. Except the propulsion, the internal combustion engine is powering the auxiliary devices such as refrigerator unit, etc. The auxiliary units are significant contributor to the overall pollutant production. In this paper the auxiliary load power supply for refrigerator unit is shifted from internal combustion engine to PEM fuel cell. The decrease in CO₂ accumulated emissions was estimated by simulation model containing vehicle model (tire, brake, differential, gearbox and driver model), diesel engine model and auxiliary power demand model. Four stroke diesel engine was modeled and investigated. For this investigation the fully filled truck was used for simulating 100% weight load. The gross weight is 7500 kg.The novelty of the approach is the simulation performed on realistic combination of city and urban road cycle. The focus was on modelling the realistic truck driving cycle in order to correctly predict emission and fuel consumption reduction. Since initial investigation are performed on constant load demand of fuel cell, simplified model of PEMFC was applied. PEM fuel cell stack was designed in order to meet the demands of auxiliary consumers. The H₂ consumption and size of hydrogen tank was estimated based on assumed 8-h daily drive. Finally, the migration of power supply for auxiliary units on commercial vehicle from internal combustion engine showed potential of fuel savings and CO₂ reduction of up to 9% for a given case on this specific test cycle.