生物质锅炉输料系统存在的问题及解决方案

近年新建生物质电厂较多,生物质上料系统大多数采用的是皮带机加炉前螺旋给料机的形式,但普遍存在上料系统在上秸秆料时系统出现卡塞和料仓搭桥等现象,造成锅炉运行不稳定,运行效率下降。文中结合宝应协鑫生物质发电有限公司秸秆直燃锅炉上料及炉前给料系统改造,对生物质上料存在的问题及改造方案进行分析。     

生物质发电厂上料系统的改造与创新研究

近几年生物质电厂发展较快,多采用了生物质直燃技术,将玉米秸秆、稻壳和木片等作为燃料,直接输送至锅炉燃烧。因为国内与国外的主要燃料存在区别,国内对上料系统的研究尚且不够充分,所以现场运行中依然存在系统卡塞、料仓搭桥的现象。文章以国能射阳生物质电厂为例,对上料系统现存问题作了分析与总结,并通过重新设计,改造上料系统,解决了实际生产中的问题。     

生物质发电工程燃料输送系统的优化配置

以正在设计及施工的电厂为例,叙述了生物质发电厂燃料输送系统的优化配置,提出,针对生物质电厂燃料中的硬质秸秆和软质秸秆,上料系统宜设计为带式输送机,并为改皮带配置事故斗、除铁器、电子皮带秤及传感元件等。     

生物质锅炉输料系统存在的问题及解决方案探讨

秸秆发电作为一种新生事物,是我国近年重点开发建设的可再生能源项目,2006～2008年国家先后投产了一批生物质电厂,生物质电厂为节能减排、资源综合利用、社会主义新农村建设和电源结构调整作出了重要的贡献.但生物质电厂在上料、出灰等技术上仍然存在瓶颈:文章综述了生物质电厂上料系统组成,剖析了上料系统在设计及运行中存在的系统易卡塞,料仓搭桥等问题及原因;结合实际对系统进行了一系列的改造;成功地解决了生物质电厂上料系统存在的技术问题,实现了生物质锅炉长周期连续稳定运行.     

循环流化床锅炉燃用浓煤泥及其输送系统的技术经济性分析

就目前国内燃用煤泥锅炉的煤泥输送、上料、给料系统作了介绍 ,特别对循环流化床锅炉燃用浓煤泥的输送系统作了技术经济分析。     

浓煤泥输送系统的技术经济性

就目前国内燃用煤泥锅炉的煤泥输送、上料、给料系统作了介绍，特别对循环流化床锅炉燃用浓煤泥的输送系统作了进一步的技术经济分析。     

一种适应面广的燃烧炉智能自动防堵液压进料系统的设计

电能作为一种重要的资源,一直服务于生产和生活中的各行各业。近几年垃圾、生物质发电行业异常火爆,在全国各地如雨后春笋般的涌现。上料系统一直作为垃圾、生物质发电的核心技术之一,上料系统的稳定运行,决定了发电生产的稳定性及发电效率。上料系统的设计方案一直是讨论的热点,本文阐述了一种上料系统中炉前段进料系统的设计,并最终得出一种比传统进料方式更加可靠的方案。     

燃料特性对生物质直燃电站运行影响的研究

以生物质直燃发电项目为研究对象,通过对引进北欧技术设计投产的电厂的运行情况进行分析,发现燃料特性(尤其是发热量、水分和灰分数据的准确性)是造成电厂给料系统缺陷、除尘器磨损和机组不能正常运行的主要原因.给出了生物质燃料特性的经验数据,为后续生物质直燃电厂的建设和运行提供了参考.     

粘稠物料输送及其流变特性的测量

我国对粘稠物料的给料输送及其流变特性的研究处于起步阶段,从粘稠物料的定义出发,对两种粘稠物料（污泥和洗煤泥）的危害进行了分析。对用焚烧法处理粘稠物料时炉前的给料输送进行了研究,进而讨论了与给料输送有很大联系的粘稠物料的流变特性的影响因素以及测量方法,可为确定管道的工程设计参数和运行方式提供合理依据,为泵送的选择提供正确的参数,从而完成工业应用的泵与管道输送系统的设计方案。     

130 t/h燃用生物质循环流化床锅炉设计及优化

介绍东方锅炉130 t/h生物质CFB锅炉的设计特点，对锅炉在运行过程中出现炉内温度水平低、给料口烟气反窜的问题进行分析。结果显示：燃料含土率过高是炉内温度水平低的主要原因，而燃料含土率过高和给料系统缺陷是导致给料口烟气反窜的主要原因。通过对炉内温度水平低、给料口烟气反窜问题进行分析并提出改进建议。     

电站输煤系统能源效率优化策略研究

针对输煤系统中带式输送机和环锤式破碎机的串联耦合特性,将两者作为整体,研究其能源效率优化。在建立两者能耗模型基础上首先提出了能源效率的开环优化,然后引入模型预测控制思想建立了能效闭环优化策略。以实际电厂输煤系统为例进行了仿真研究。结果表明:与开环优化相比,基于模型预测控制的闭环优化能有效补偿煤耗率预测干扰、输送机装载量干扰及破碎机入料粒度干扰带来的影响,在满足各种约束同时提升能源效率,具有较好的鲁棒性和现场适应性。     

大型循环流化床电厂运煤系统设计优化及建议

介绍了广东某大型循环流化床电厂运煤系统设计及主要设备运行情况,重点介绍了煤场设置、取料设备、筛碎系统布置、上料管带式输送机的选型及优化,并介绍了运行情况,对以后同类电厂运煤系统的选型设计提出了建议,为今后大型循环流化床电厂运煤系统设计提供参考。     

发展生物质能源所面临的问题分析

国内外生物质能主要燃料存在差异，国内对燃料系统的研究又不够充分，因此燃料系统的问题仍是限制生物质能发展的最主要问题。以国能惠民生物质项目为例，分析总结了调试期间影响运行的因素。     

Optimal control of operation efficiency of belt conveyor systems

The improvement of the energy efficiency of belt conveyor systems can be achieved at equipment or operation levels. Switching control and variable speed control are proposed in literature to improve energy efficiency of belt conveyors. The current implementations mostly focus on lower level control loops or an individual belt conveyor without operational considerations at the system level. In this paper, an optimal switching control and a variable speed drive (VSD) based optimal control are proposed to improve the energy efficiency of belt conveyor systems at the operational level, where time-of-use (TOU) tariff, ramp rate of belt speed and other system constraints are considered. A coal conveying system in a coal-fired power plant is taken as a case study, where great saving of energy cost is achieved by the two optimal control strategies. Moreover, considerable energy saving resulting from VSD based optimal control is also proved by the case study.     

Experimental evaluation of a 35 kVA downdraft gasifier

Energy conversion systems based on biomass are particularly interesting because biomass utilization effectively closes the carbon cycle besides achieving self-sustainability. Biomass is particularly useful for highly populated and agriculture dependent economic nations like China and India. A compact and cost effective downdraft gasification system was developed. The present paper describes an experimental investigation on a biomass based gasifier engine system with a capacity of 35 kVA for power generation application. The problem of cooling and cleaning the hot and dirty gas from the gasifier has been satisfactorily solved by the effective cooling and filtration system. The gasifier developed is observed to be operation friendly. The quality of gas was evaluated in terms of its composition, conversion efficiency and total particulate matter. The maximum output of the power plant was obtained at the combustion zone temperature of 850oC. The experimental investigations showed that the percentage reduction in total particulate matter is 89.32%. The conversion efficiency of the biomass gasifier is found to be dependent on the operation conditions and fuel properties of the gasifier. The optimum value of equivalence ratio was observed to be 0.3134 for achieving the maximum gas conversion efficiency of the present gasifier configuration.     

On the improvement of annual performance of solar thermal power plants through exergy management

Advancing in the learning curve of solar thermal power plants (STPP) requires detailed analysis for reducing exergy losses in the energy conversion chain. This requirement should be applied to any configuration proposed for the solar field and the power block. The aim of this work is to perform this type of analysis for two ways of structuring the power plant. The first plant structure consists of a subdivision of the solar collector field into specialized sectors with specific goals conveying different requirements in temperature. The second plant structure is based on a dual thermal energy storage system with a defined hierarchy in the storage temperature. The subdivision of the solar field into different sectors reduces the exergy losses in the heating process of the working fluid. Moreover, the average temperature of the heat transfer fluid in the solar field decreases when it is compared to the conventional solar field, reducing this way the exergy losses in the collectors. The dual thermal energy storage system is devised for keeping the exergy input to the power block at its nominal level for long periods of time, including post‐sunset hours. One of the storage systems gathers a fluid heated up to temperatures above the nominal value and the second one is the classical one. The combination of both allows the manager of the plant to keep the nominal operation of the plant for longer periods than in the case of classical system. Numerical simulations performed with validated models are the basis of the exergy analyses. The configurations are compared to a reference STPP in order to evaluate their worth. Furthermore, the behaviour of the configurations is analysed to study the irreversibility of the included devices. Special attention is paid to the storage systems, as they are a key issue in both plant structures. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Biomass feeding for thermochemical reactors

Interest in biomass fuels is increasing worldwide to produce heat, power, liquid fuels and hydrogen with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. Thermochemical biomass processes are relatively well developed, e.g. for direct combustion, gasification and pyrolysis. However, critical problems often arise when attempting to feed biomass into reactors, preventing continuous operation of the entire system. Although biomass feeding has received some attention in the past and several novel feeders have been patented, most feeders are fuel-specific and unable to provide reliable, efficient and economical feeding, especially for herbaceous fuels and reactors operating at elevated pressure. The most common feeding problems are bridging, rathole formation, blockage, seal failure and reactions in the feed line.     

浅析皮带输送机皮带跑偏原因及解决措施

本文以火力发电厂输煤系统的长距离皮带输送机作为论述对象,从设计,制造,安装及运行使用角度,分析与说明皮带输送机皮带跑偏这一常见故障的原因及解决方案。